计算机网络
网络编程的目的
想要达到这个效果需要什么:
如何实现网络的通信

ip地址:InetAddress
//测试IP
public class TestInetAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
try {
//查询本机地址
InetAddress inetAddress1 = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
System.out.println(inetAddress1); ///127.0.0.1
InetAddress inetAddress2 = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
System.out.println(inetAddress2); //localhost/127.0.0.1
InetAddress inetAddress3 = InetAddress.getLocalHost();
System.out.println(inetAddress3); //LIANG/192.168.0.105
//查询网站IP地址
InetAddress inetAddress4 = InetAddress.getByName("www.baidu.com");
System.out.println(inetAddress4); //www.baidu.com/183.232.231.173
//常用方法
// System.out.println(inetAddress4.getAddress());
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getCanonicalHostName()); //规范的名字
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostAddress()); //ip
System.out.println(inetAddress4.getHostName()); //域名,或者自己电脑的名字
} catch (UnknownHostException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
端口表示计算机上的一个程序的进程
netstat -ano #查看所有的端口
netstat -ano|findstr "5900" #查看指定的端口
tasklist|findstr "8696" #查看指定端口的进程
public class TestInetSocketAddress {
public static void main(String[] args) {
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress1 = new InetSocketAddress("127.0.0.1", 8080);
InetSocketAddress inetSocketAddress2 = new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8080);
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1); // /127.0.0.1:8080
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress2); // localhost/127.0.0.1:8080
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getAddress()); // /127.0.0.1
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getHostName()); //地址 127.0.0.1
System.out.println(inetSocketAddress1.getPort()); //端口 8080
}
}
协议:约定,好比我们现在说的普通话。
网络通信协议:速率,传输码率,代码结构,传输控制…
//客户端
public class TcpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Socket socket = null;
OutputStream os = null;
try {
//1. 要知道服务器的地址,端口号
InetAddress serverIP = InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1");
int port = 9999;
//2. 创建一个socket连接
socket = new Socket(serverIP, port);
//3. 发送消息 IO流
os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("你好,欢迎学习狂神说Java".getBytes());
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (os != null) {
try {
os.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
//服务端
public class TcpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ServerSocket serverSocket = null;
Socket socket = null;
InputStream is = null;
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = null;
try {
//1. 要有一个地址
serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9999);
while (true) { //不停地接收消息
//2. 等待客户端连接
socket = serverSocket.accept();
//3. 读取客户端的消息
is = socket.getInputStream();
//方式一:可能会出现乱码
// byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
// int len;
// while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
// String msg = new String(buffer, 0, len);
// System.out.println(msg);
// }
//方式二:
baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
//关闭流
if (baos != null) {
try {
baos.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (is != null) {
try {
is.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (socket != null) {
try {
socket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (serverSocket != null) {
try {
serverSocket.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
public class TcpServerDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 创建一个Socket连接
Socket socket = new Socket(InetAddress.getByName("127.0.0.1"), 9000);
//2. 创建一个输出流
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
//3. 读取文件
FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(new File("2022.06.25.jpg"));
//4. 写出文件
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = fis.read(buffer)) != -1) {
os.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知服务器,已经传输完毕
socket.shutdownOutput(); //我已经传输完毕
//确定服务器接收完毕,才能够断开连接
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
byte[] buffer2 = new byte[1024];
int len2;
while ((len2 = is.read(buffer2)) != -1) {
baos.write(buffer2, 0, len2);
}
System.out.println(baos.toString());
//5. 关闭资源
baos.close();
is.close();
fis.close();
os.close();
socket.close();
}
}
public class TcpClientDemo02 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 创建一个端口(服务器端)
ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(9000);
//2. 监听客户端的连接
Socket socket = serverSocket.accept(); //阻塞式监听,会一直等待客户端连接
//3. 获取输入流
InputStream is = socket.getInputStream();
//4. 文件输出
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("receive.jpg"));
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
//通知客户端我接收完毕了
OutputStream os = socket.getOutputStream();
os.write("我接收完毕了,你可以断开了".getBytes());
//5. 关闭资源
os.close();
fos.close();
is.close();
socket.close();
serverSocket.close();
}
}
发短信:需要知道对方的地址
//不需要连接服务器
public class UdpClientDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//1. 建立一个Socket
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket();
//2. 建个包
String msg = "你好啊,服务器!";
//发送给谁
InetAddress localhost = InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port = 9090;
//5个参数:数据(msg.getBytes()), 数据的长度起始(0, msg.getBytes().length), 要发送给谁(localhost, 9090)
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(msg.getBytes(), 0, msg.getBytes().length, localhost, 9090);
//3. 发送包
socket.send(packet);
//4. 关闭流
socket.close();
}
}
//等待客户端的连接
public class UdpServerDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//开放端口
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(9090);
//接收数据包
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(buffer, 0, buffer.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞接收
System.out.println(packet.getAddress().getHostAddress());
System.out.println(new String(packet.getData(), 0, packet.getLength()));
//关闭连接
socket.close();
}
}
public class UdpSenderDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(8888);
//准备数据:控制台读取 System.in
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while (true) {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 6666));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
reader.close();
socket.close();
}
}
public class UdpReceiverDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
DatagramSocket socket = new DatagramSocket(6666);
while (true) {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
public class TalkSend implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
BufferedReader reader = null;
private int fromPort;
private String toIP;
private int toPort;
public TalkSend(int fromPort, String toIP, int toPort) {
this.fromPort = fromPort;
this.toIP = toIP;
this.toPort = toPort;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(fromPort);
reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
String data = reader.readLine();
byte[] datas = data.getBytes();
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(datas, 0, datas.length, new InetSocketAddress(this.toIP, this.toPort));
socket.send(packet);
if (data.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (reader != null) {
try {
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
public class TalkReveive implements Runnable{
DatagramSocket socket = null;
private int port;
private String masFrom;
public TalkReveive(int port, String masFrom) {
this.port = port;
this.masFrom = masFrom;
try {
socket = new DatagramSocket(port);
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
try {
//准备接收包裹
byte[] container = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet = new DatagramPacket(container, 0, container.length);
socket.receive(packet); //阻塞式接收包裹
//断开连接 bye
byte[] data = packet.getData();
String receiveData = new String(data, 0, data.length);
System.out.println(masFrom + ":" + receiveData);
if (receiveData.equals("bye")) {
break;
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
socket.close();
}
}
public class TalkStudent {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(7777, "localhost", 9999)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReveive(8888, "老师")).start();
}
}
public class TalkTeacher {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//开启两个线程
new Thread(new TalkSend(5555, "localhost", 8888)).start();
new Thread(new TalkReveive(9999, "学生")).start();
}
}
https://www.baidu.com/
统一资源定位符:定位资源的,定位互联网上的某一个资源
DNS 域名解析:将www.baidu.com解析为IP
协议://ip地址:端口/项目名/资源
public class URLDemo01 {
public static void main(String[] args) throws MalformedURLException {
URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123");
//协议
System.out.println(url.getProtocol()); // http
//主机ip
System.out.println(url.getHost()); // localhost
//端口
System.out.println(url.getPort()); // 8080
//文件
System.out.println(url.getPath()); // /helloworld/index.jsp
//文件全路径
System.out.println(url.getFile()); // /helloworld/index.jsp?username=kuangshen&password=123
//参数
System.out.println(url.getQuery()); // username=kuangshen&password=123
}
}
public class UrlDown {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
//1. 下载地址
// URL url = new URL("http://localhost:8080/liang/SecurityFile.txt");
URL url = new URL("https://m701.music.126.net/20220828003002/cd1e31a16d1baaf8802e609f390ee71b/jdyyaac/obj/w5rDlsOJwrLDjj7CmsOj/8419427026/04a2/5fe6/70b3/091231b04f70b2e0ea318711b3bd2609.m4a");
//2. 连接到这个资源 HTTP
HttpURLConnection urlConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
InputStream is = urlConnection.getInputStream();
// FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("SecurityFile.txt");
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("music.m4a");
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len;
while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != -1) {
fos.write(buffer, 0, len); //写出这个数据
}
fos.close();
is.close();
urlConnection.disconnect();
}
}