R语言3.6版本安装ggplot2报错解决方法

现在最新的R版本是4.2.1，因为有些包只能运行在3.6版本中，因此我需要安装3.6，这里安装常用的ggplot2时报错了，总结一下问题解决的方法。

1. ggplot2包安装报错

报错如下：

** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
Error in loadNamespace(i, c(lib.loc, .libPaths()), versionCheck = vI[[i]]) : 
  namespace 'rlang' 0.4.11 is already loaded, but >= 1.0.2 is required
Calls: <Anonymous> ... withCallingHandlers -> loadNamespace -> namespaceImport -> loadNamespace
停止执行
ERROR: lazy loading failed for package 'pillar'
* removing 'C:/Users/dave/Documents/R/win-library/3.6/pillar'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘pillar’ had non-zero exit status
* installing *source* package 'scales' ...
** 成功将'scales'程序包解包并MD5和检查
** using staged installation
** R
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
Error in loadNamespace(i, c(lib.loc, .libPaths()), versionCheck = vI[[i]]) : 
  namespace 'rlang' 0.4.11 is being loaded, but >= 1.0.0 is required
Calls: <Anonymous> ... withCallingHandlers -> loadNamespace -> namespaceImport -> loadNamespace
停止执行
ERROR: lazy loading failed for package 'scales'
* removing 'C:/Users/dave/Documents/R/win-library/3.6/scales'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘scales’ had non-zero exit status
ERROR: dependency 'scales' is not available for package 'ggplot2'
* removing 'C:/Users/dave/Documents/R/win-library/3.6/ggplot2'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘ggplot2’ had non-zero exit status

The downloaded source packages are in
	‘C:\Users\dave\AppData\Local\Temp\Rtmpg3apRU\downloaded_packages’
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看起来，主要是因为rlange这个包版本太低，应该是大于1.0.0，现在是0.4.11.

2，安装rlange1.0.0

如果现在网上搜索R包的地址，包括其不同的版本，可以键入：
https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/

如果知道包的名称，比如ggplot2，键入：
https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/ggplot2

包的链接：
https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/rlang/rlang_1.0.1.tar.gz

命令：

install.packages("https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/rlang/rlang_1.0.1.tar.gz", repo=NULL, type="source")
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报错：

* installing *source* package 'rlang' ...
** 成功将'rlang'程序包解包并MD5和检查
** using staged installation
** libs
Warning in system(cmd) : 'make' not found
ERROR: compilation failed for package 'rlang'
* removing 'C:/Users/dave/Documents/R/win-library/3.6/rlang'
* restoring previous 'C:/Users/dave/Documents/R/win-library/3.6/rlang'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘C:/Users/dave/AppData/Local/Temp/Rtmpg3apRU/downloaded_packages/rlang_1.0.1.tar.gz’ had non-zero exit status
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3. 安装Rtools3.6

尝试安装Rtools3.6，重启R语言，然后键入：

install.packages("https://cran.r-project.org/src/contrib/Archive/rlang/rlang_1.0.1.tar.gz", repo=NULL, type="source")
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成功：

    vector-construction                     html  
    vector-old-ctors                        html  
    with_env                                html  
    with_handlers                           html  
    wref_key                                html  
    zap                                     html  
    zap_srcref                              html  
*** copying figures
** building package indices
** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
** testing if installed package can be loaded from final location
** testing if installed package keeps a record of temporary installation path
* DONE (rlang)
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测试：

> library(rlang)
> sessionInfo()
R version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 22000)

Matrix products: default

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936 
[2] LC_CTYPE=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936   
[3] LC_MONETARY=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                              
[5] LC_TIME=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936    

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
[1] rlang_1.0.1

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
[1] compiler_3.6.3 cli_2.5.0      tools_3.6.3  
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可以看到，上面的R版本是3.6.3，rlang的版本是1.0.1，搞定。

4. 重新安装ggplot2

install.packages("ggplot2")
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报错：

** data
*** moving datasets to lazyload DB
** inst
** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
Error in loadNamespace(i, c(lib.loc, .libPaths()), versionCheck = vI[[i]]) : 
  there is no package called 'ellipsis'
Calls: <Anonymous> ... loadNamespace -> withRestarts -> withOneRestart -> doWithOneRestart
停止执行
ERROR: lazy loading failed for package 'ggplot2'
* removing 'C:/Users/dave/Documents/R/win-library/3.6/ggplot2'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘ggplot2’ had non-zero exit status
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看到，是因为没有ellipsis这个包，那就单独安装试试。

5. 安装ellipsis包

install.packages("ellipsis")
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安装成功：

> install.packages("ellipsis")
Installing package into ‘C:/Users/dave/Documents/R/win-library/3.6’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
trying URL 'https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CRAN/bin/windows/contrib/3.6/ellipsis_0.3.2.zip'
Content type 'application/zip' length 49192 bytes (48 KB)
downloaded 48 KB

package ‘ellipsis’ successfully unpacked and MD5 sums checked

The downloaded binary packages are in
	C:\Users\dave\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpWqZTPD\downloaded_packages
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再重新安装ggplot2：

install.packages("ggplot2")
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报错：

** byte-compile and prepare package for lazy loading
Error in loadNamespace(j <- i[[1L]], c(lib.loc, .libPaths()), versionCheck = vI[[j]]) : 
  there is no package called 'pillar'
Calls: <Anonymous> ... loadNamespace -> withRestarts -> withOneRestart -> doWithOneRestart
停止执行
ERROR: lazy loading failed for package 'ggplot2'
* removing 'C:/Users/dave/Documents/R/win-library/3.6/ggplot2'
Warning in install.packages :
  installation of package ‘ggplot2’ had non-zero exit status
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6. 安装pillar包

继续安装pillar，编译安装，安装成功后，继续安装ggplot2，如果哪个包报错，就安装哪个包。

7. 重新安装ggplot2

安装成功：

*** copying figures
** building package indices
** installing vignettes
** testing if installed package can be loaded from temporary location
** testing if installed package can be loaded from final location
** testing if installed package keeps a record of temporary installation path
* DONE (ggplot2)

The downloaded source packages are in
	‘C:\Users\dave\AppData\Local\Temp\RtmpMhrQc1\downloaded_packages’
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8. 测试成功安装ggplot2

测试：

> library(ggplot2)
> sessionInfo()
R version 3.6.3 (2020-02-29)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 10 x64 (build 22000)

Matrix products: default

locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936 
[2] LC_CTYPE=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936   
[3] LC_MONETARY=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                              
[5] LC_TIME=Chinese (Simplified)_China.936    

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
[1] ggplot2_3.3.6

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] fansi_0.4.2      withr_2.5.0      utf8_1.2.1       grid_3.6.3      
 [5] R6_2.5.1         lifecycle_1.0.1  gtable_0.3.0     magrittr_2.0.1  
 [9] scales_1.2.1     pillar_1.8.1     rlang_1.0.4      cli_2.5.0       
[13] vctrs_0.3.8      ellipsis_0.3.2   tools_3.6.3      glue_1.4.2      
[17] munsell_0.5.0    compiler_3.6.3   pkgconfig_2.0.3  colorspace_2.0-1
[21] tibble_3.1.1 
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可以看到，我的R版本是3.6.3，ggplot2的版本是3.3.6，搞定！