python程序打包——基础准备、源代码打包、二进制打包、setuptools基础

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活动地址：CSDN21天学习挑战赛

1.setuptools用途

• 创建基于脚本的Python安装程序
• 编译扩展
• 与py2exe和py2app结合起来使用
• 创建独立的Windows和macOS可执行程序

2.相关网站

• python打包用户指南
• setuptools官网，里面有很多相关文档

3.安装

• anaconda已经自动包含了，anaconda安装可参考这里
• 如果没有，需要pip下载

4.打包方式

• 源码包sdist：包含所有所需源码文件和一些静态文件的压缩包（Windows：.zip，类Unix(Linux,macOS：.tar,gz)）
• 二进制bdist：主流是wheel（.whl后缀），二进制包不用再编译，安装更快

5.安装源码包

• 解压源码包后，再执行：

python setup.py install
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这个命令的作用等效于先install再build

• 直接pip安装

pip install xxx.zip
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• 软连接：开发阶段，执行下列代码创建软连接，在修改包后不用再次安装就能生效，便于调试

pip install -e .
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等效于：

python setup.py develop
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6.setup.py

• 新建文件夹
• 新建一个带打包文件main.py
• main.py内容随意，我的是画出一个安卓小人：

#!/usr/bin/env python
import turtle
aj=turtle.Pen()
y=0
aj.speed(5)
#turtle.screensize(200,800)
turtle.bgcolor("black")
#aj.shape("turtle")
def head():
    aj.color("green")
    aj.fd(160)
    x=aj.xcor()
    aj.seth(90)
    aj.begin_fill()
    #aj.color("green")
    aj.circle(x/2,180)
    aj.end_fill()
    aj.penup()
    aj.goto(33,37)
    aj.pendown()
    aj.dot(13,"black")
    aj.penup()
    aj.goto(126,37)
    aj.pendown()
    aj.dot(13,"black")
    aj.penup()
    aj.home()
    aj.pendown()
    aj.hideturtle()
    aj.fd(160)
    aj.seth(90)
    aj.circle(x/2,60)
    aj.right(90)
    aj.pensize(5)
    aj.fd(30)

    aj.penup()
    aj.home()
    #aj.pendown()
    aj.hideturtle()
    aj.fd(160)
    aj.seth(90)
    aj.circle(x/2,120)
    aj.right(90)
    aj.pensize(5)
    aj.pendown()
    aj.fd(30)
    aj.penup()
    aj.home()
    aj.penup()

def body():
    aj.pensize(0)

    aj.home()
    aj.showturtle()
    aj.goto(0,-7)
    aj.pendown()
    aj.begin_fill()
    aj.fd(160)
    aj.right(90)
    aj.fd(120)
    aj.right(90)
    aj.fd(160)
    y=aj.ycor()
    aj.right(90)
    aj.fd(120)
    aj.end_fill()

def legs():
    aj.penup()
    #turtle.color("red")
    aj.goto(33,-169)
    aj.pendown()
    aj.pensize(32)
    aj.fd(43)
    aj.penup()
    aj.goto(130,-169)
    aj.pendown()
    aj.fd(43)
    aj.penup()

def hands():
    aj.home()
    aj.pensize(30)
    aj.goto(-18,-77)
    aj.pendown()
    aj.left(90)
    aj.fd(65)
    aj.penup()
    aj.goto(179,-77)
    aj.pendown()
    aj.fd(65)
    aj.penup()
    aj.hideturtle
    aj.fd(100)
    aj.hideturtle()
    aj.circle(100)
    aj.circle(100,360,59)
    aj.reset()
    turtle.bgcolor("black")
    turtle.pencolor("green")
    turtle.hideturtle()
    turtle.goto(-300,0)
    aj.hideturtle
    turtle.write("Thank you for watching....", font = ("Bodoni MT Black", 28, "bold"))
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.goto(-40,-170)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.pencolor("yellow")
    turtle.write("Developed by 一个超会写Bug的安太狼", font = ("Palatino Linotype", 22, "bold"))

head()
body()
legs()
hands()
turtle.done()
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• 运行效果：
  

• 新建文件setup.py

• setup.py内容如下：

from setuptools import setup

setup(
    name='demo',
    version='0.0',
    description='A simple example',
    author='A Hang 626',
    author_email='534232652@qq.com',
    url='None',
    py_modules=['main']
)
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• 查看可输入参数：

python setup.py --help-commands
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• 得到输出：

Standard commands:
  build             build everything needed to install
  build_py          "build" pure Python modules (copy to build directory)
  build_ext         build C/C++ and Cython extensions (compile/link to build directory)
  build_clib        build C/C++ libraries used by Python extensions
  build_scripts     "build" scripts (copy and fixup #! line)
  clean             clean up temporary files from 'build' command
  install           install everything from build directory
  install_lib       install all Python modules (extensions and pure Python)
  install_headers   install C/C++ header files
  install_scripts   install scripts (Python or otherwise)
  install_data      install data files
  sdist             create a source distribution (tarball, zip file, etc.)
  register          register the distribution with the Python package index
  bdist             create a built (binary) distribution
  bdist_dumb        create a "dumb" built distribution
  bdist_rpm         create an RPM distribution
  bdist_wininst     create an executable installer for MS Windows
  check             perform some checks on the package
  upload            upload binary package to PyPI

Extra commands:
  alias             define a shortcut to invoke one or more commands
  bdist_egg         create an "egg" distribution
  develop           install package in 'development mode'
  dist_info         create a .dist-info directory
  easy_install      Find/get/install Python packages
  egg_info          create a distribution's .egg-info directory
  install_egg_info  Install an .egg-info directory for the package
  rotate            delete older distributions, keeping N newest files
  saveopts          save supplied options to setup.cfg or other config file
  setopt            set an option in setup.cfg or another config file
  test              run unit tests after in-place build (deprecated)
  upload_docs       Upload documentation to sites other than PyPi such as devpi
  isort             Run isort on modules registered in setuptools
  bdist_wheel       create a wheel distribution
  compile_catalog   compile message catalogs to binary MO files
  extract_messages  extract localizable strings from the project code
  init_catalog      create a new catalog based on a POT file
  update_catalog    update message catalogs from a POT file
  flake8            Run Flake8 on modules registered in setup.py
  build_sphinx      Build Sphinx documentation

usage: setup.py [global_opts] cmd1 [cmd1_opts] [cmd2 [cmd2_opts] ...]
   or: setup.py --help [cmd1 cmd2 ...]
   or: setup.py --help-commands
   or: setup.py cmd --help
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• 其中Standard commands是标准命令，Extra commands是额外命令