• UE4 C++ ActionRoguelike开发记录

     

    目录

    角色类：SCharacter

    设置摄像机

    弹簧臂和摄像机设置

    设置人物移动和动作绑定

    移动与朝向：MoveForward/MoveRight、Turn/LoopUp

    为人物绑定设置子弹类：SpawnProjectile适配器类

    设置攻击动画以及攻击特效

    普通攻击

    黑洞攻击

    闪现攻击

    ❗为角色添加属性组件：USAttributeComponent

    为角色添加交互组件接口：USInteractionComponent* InteractionComp;

    子弹类：SProejctileBase

    胶囊碰撞体：USphereComponent* SphereComp;

    子弹移动组件：UProjectileMovementComponent* MoveComp;

    粒子系统组件（平A效果）：UParticleSystemComponent* EffectComp;

    粒子系统组件（爆炸效果）：UParticleSystem* ImpactVFX;

    子弹爆炸音效组件：USoundCue* ImpactSound;

    ？子弹播放声音组件：UAudioComponent* AudioComp;

    子弹击中画面震动效果：TSubclassOf ImpactShake;

    ⭐碰撞事件&爆炸（虚函数）：void Explode();（BlueprintNativeEvent）

    普通攻击：SMagicProjectile

    设置并重写OnActorOverlap逻辑：

    设置子弹伤害：DamageAmount

    ❗闪现：SDashProjectile

    重写BeginPlay：设置子弹存活时间

    重写爆炸逻辑Explode_Implementation

    实现闪现传送效果：TeleportInstigator

    设置定时器：FTimerHandle

    黑洞攻击（蓝图）：Proj_BlackHole

    径向力Force Strength

    可影响物体Object Types to Affect

    吸进黑洞后要杀掉物体：

    ❗接口类：USGameplayInterface

    USInteractionComponent

    世界中的物体

    爆炸油桶：ASExplosiveBarrel

    设置StaticMesh，径向力

    初始化Actor组件（添加碰撞事件）

    宝箱（实现交互接口）：ASItemChest

    血包（实现交互接口）：ASPowerupActor

    血包有很多种，因此接口实现逻辑由子类实现：

    吃掉后隐藏血包（计时器）：

    血包子类：ASPowerup_HealthPotion

    UI：Widget

    十字准星

    创建Widget并设置：

    游戏开始时添加到屏幕上

    人物血条、Credits、游戏进行时间：Main_HUD

    血条

    Credits：

    游戏进行时间：

    AI

    UE中的AI系统

    行为树：

    ​编辑

    添加导航网格体：NavMeshBoundsVolume​编辑

    游戏AI角色：SAICharacter

    游戏AI控制器：SAIController

    设置行为树

    为SAICharacter设置控制器

    游戏AI逻辑-范围内攻击：USBTService_CheckAttackRange（UBTService）

    范围查询逻辑

    在行为树添加此Service

    游戏AI范围内攻击任务结点：USBTTask_RangedAttack

    AI朝向玩家：Set default focus

    ​编辑 

    环境查询系统：

    创建EQS

    在玩家周围半径内设置EQS生成移动目的地

    AI死亡

    角色类：SCharacter

    设置摄像机

    弹簧臂和摄像机设置

    1. 	UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere)
    2. 	USpringArmComponent* SpringArmComp;
    3.  
    4. 	UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere)
    5. 	UCameraComponent* CameraComp;

    在构造函数中创建这两个类，并设置依赖关系：

    弹簧臂附着在RootComponent，摄像机附着在弹簧臂上

    1. 	SpringArmComp = CreateDefaultSubobject("SpringArmComp");
    2. 	SpringArmComp->bUsePawnControlRotation = true;
    3. 	SpringArmComp->SetupAttachment(RootComponent);
    4.  
    5. 	CameraComp = CreateDefaultSubobject("CameraComp");
    6. 	CameraComp->SetupAttachment(SpringArmComp);
    7.  
    8.     GetCharacterMovement()->bOrientRotationToMovement = true;
    9. 	bUseControllerRotationYaw = false;

    注意 bUseControllerRotationYaw =false；其效果为：

    bUseControllerRotationYaw=true；

    bUseControllerRotationYaw=false； 

    应该设置为false， 

    同时注意GetCharacterMovement()->bOrientRotationToMovement = true;

    GetCharacterMovement()->bOrientRotationToMovement = false;如下

     GetCharacterMovement()->bOrientRotationToMovement = true;如下

    类似黑暗之魂这种第三人称的移动朝向方式。

    设置人物移动和动作绑定

    1. void ASCharacter::SetupPlayerInputComponent(UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent)
    2. {
    3. 	Super::SetupPlayerInputComponent(PlayerInputComponent);
    4.  
    5. 	PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("MoveForward", this, &ASCharacter::MoveForward);
    6. 	PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("MoveRight", this, &ASCharacter::MoveRight);
    7.  
    8. 	PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("Turn", this, &APawn::AddControllerYawInput);
    9. 	PlayerInputComponent->BindAxis("LookUp", this, &APawn::AddControllerPitchInput);
    10.  
    11. 	PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("PrimaryAttack", IE_Pressed, this, &ASCharacter::PrimaryAttack);
    12. 	// Used generic name 'SecondaryAttack' for binding
    13. 	PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("SecondaryAttack", IE_Pressed, this, &ASCharacter::BlackHoleAttack);
    14. 	PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("Dash", IE_Pressed, this, &ASCharacter::Dash);
    15. 	PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("PrimaryInteract", IE_Pressed, this, &ASCharacter::PrimaryInteract);
    16.  
    17. 	PlayerInputComponent->BindAction("Jump", IE_Pressed, this, &ACharacter::Jump);
    18. }

    移动与朝向：MoveForward/MoveRight、Turn/LoopUp

    1. void ASCharacter::MoveForward(float Value)
    2. {
    3. 	FRotator ControlRot = GetControlRotation();
    4. 	ControlRot.Pitch = 0.0f;
    5. 	ControlRot.Roll = 0.0f;
    6.  
    7. 	AddMovementInput(ControlRot.Vector(), Value);
    8. }
    9.  
    10.  
    11. void ASCharacter::MoveRight(float Value)
    12. {
    13. 	FRotator ControlRot = GetControlRotation();
    14. 	ControlRot.Pitch = 0.0f;
    15. 	ControlRot.Roll = 0.0f;
    16.  
    17. 	// X = Forward (Red)
    18. 	// Y = Right (Green)
    19. 	// Z = Up (Blue)
    20.  
    21. 	FVector RightVector = FRotationMatrix(ControlRot).GetScaledAxis(EAxis::Y);
    22.  
    23. 	AddMovementInput(RightVector, Value);
    24. }

     其中Turn和LookUp绑定的函数是由APawn中已经写好的内容。

    1. &APawn::AddControllerYawInput
    2. &APawn::AddControllerPitchInput

    这里附上Yaw、Roll、Pitch的内容，结合代码理解：

    UE是左手坐标系：拇指X，食指Y，中指Z（中指向上摆放）
    X：Roll翻滚角
    Y：Pitch俯仰角
    Z：Yaw偏航角

    动图：

    1.俯仰:（Pitch）

    2.翻滚：(Roll)

    3.偏航：(Yaw)

    所以，MoveForward和MoveRight只与Yaw有关，控制偏航角度；Turn也和Yaw有关，控制偏航角度；而LoopUp与Pitch有关，控制上下移动视角。

    为人物绑定设置子弹类：SpawnProjectile适配器类

    • 生成位置：手部Socket（HandLocation）
    • Actor生成：设置碰撞，instigator为角色自身
    • 碰撞预设：
    • 子弹轨迹：起点为手部，终点为十字准星方向
    1. void ASCharacter::SpawnProjectile(TSubclassOf ClassToSpawn)
    2. {
    3. 	if (ensureAlways(ClassToSpawn))
    4. 	{
    5. 		FVector HandLocation = GetMesh()->GetSocketLocation(HandSocketName);
    6.  
    7. 		FActorSpawnParameters SpawnParams;
    8. 		SpawnParams.SpawnCollisionHandlingOverride = ESpawnActorCollisionHandlingMethod::AlwaysSpawn;
    9. 		SpawnParams.Instigator = this;
    10.  
    11. 		FCollisionShape Shape;
    12. 		Shape.SetSphere(20.0f);
    13.  
    14. 		// Ignore Player
    15. 		FCollisionQueryParams Params;
    16. 		Params.AddIgnoredActor(this);
    17.  
    18. 		FCollisionObjectQueryParams ObjParams;
    19. 		ObjParams.AddObjectTypesToQuery(ECC_WorldDynamic);
    20. 		ObjParams.AddObjectTypesToQuery(ECC_WorldStatic);
    21. 		ObjParams.AddObjectTypesToQuery(ECC_Pawn);
    22.  
    23. 		FVector TraceStart = CameraComp->GetComponentLocation();
    24.  
    25. 		// endpoint far into the look-at distance (not too far, still adjust somewhat towards crosshair on a miss)
    26. 		FVector TraceEnd = CameraComp->GetComponentLocation() + (GetControlRotation().Vector() * 5000);
    27.  
    28. 		FHitResult Hit;
    29. 		// returns true if we got to a blocking hit
    30. 		if (GetWorld()->SweepSingleByObjectType(Hit, TraceStart, TraceEnd, FQuat::Identity, ObjParams, Shape, Params))
    31. 		{
    32. 			// Overwrite trace end with impact point in world
    33. 			TraceEnd = Hit.ImpactPoint;
    34. 		}
    35.  
    36. 		// find new direction/rotation from Hand pointing to impact point in world.
    37. 		FRotator ProjRotation = FRotationMatrix::MakeFromX(TraceEnd - HandLocation).Rotator();
    38.  
    39. 		FTransform SpawnTM = FTransform(ProjRotation, HandLocation);
    40. 		GetWorld()->SpawnActor(ClassToSpawn, SpawnTM, SpawnParams);
    41. 	}
    42. }

    设置攻击动画以及攻击特效

    1. void ASCharacter::StartAttackEffects()
    2. {
    3. 	PlayAnimMontage(AttackAnim);
    4.  
    5. 	UGameplayStatics::SpawnEmitterAttached(CastingEffect, GetMesh(), HandSocketName, FVector::ZeroVector, FRotator::ZeroRotator, EAttachLocation::SnapToTarget);
    6. }

    普通攻击

    1. void ASCharacter::PrimaryAttack()
    2. {
    3. 	StartAttackEffects();
    4.  
    5. 	GetWorldTimerManager().SetTimer(TimerHandle_PrimaryAttack, this, &ASCharacter::PrimaryAttack_TimeElapsed, AttackAnimDelay);
    6. }
    7.  
    8.  
    9. void ASCharacter::PrimaryAttack_TimeElapsed()
    10. {
    11. 	SpawnProjectile(ProjectileClass);
    12. }

    黑洞攻击

    1. void ASCharacter::BlackHoleAttack()
    2. {
    3. 	StartAttackEffects();
    4.  
    5. 	GetWorldTimerManager().SetTimer(TimerHandle_BlackholeAttack, this, &ASCharacter::BlackholeAttack_TimeElapsed, AttackAnimDelay);
    6. }
    7.  
    8.  
    9. void ASCharacter::BlackholeAttack_TimeElapsed()
    10. {
    11. 	SpawnProjectile(BlackHoleProjectileClass);
    12. }

    闪现攻击

    1. void ASCharacter::Dash()
    2. {
    3. 	StartAttackEffects();
    4.  
    5. 	GetWorldTimerManager().SetTimer(TimerHandle_Dash, this, &ASCharacter::Dash_TimeElapsed, AttackAnimDelay);
    6. }
    7.  
    8.  
    9. void ASCharacter::Dash_TimeElapsed()
    10. {
    11. 	SpawnProjectile(DashProjectileClass);
    12. }

    ❗为角色添加属性组件：USAttributeComponent

    为角色添加交互组件接口：USInteractionComponent* InteractionComp;

    子弹类：SProejctileBase

    1. ASProjectileBase::ASProjectileBase()
    2. {
    3. 	SphereComp = CreateDefaultSubobject("SphereComp");
    4. 	SphereComp->SetCollisionProfileName("Projectile");
    5. 	SphereComp->OnComponentHit.AddDynamic(this, &ASProjectileBase::OnActorHit);
    6. 	RootComponent = SphereComp;
    7.  
    8. 	EffectComp = CreateDefaultSubobject("EffectComp");
    9. 	EffectComp->SetupAttachment(RootComponent);
    10.  
    11. 	AudioComp = CreateDefaultSubobject("AudioComp");
    12. 	AudioComp->SetupAttachment(RootComponent);
    13.  
    14. 	MoveComp = CreateDefaultSubobject("ProjectileMoveComp");
    15. 	MoveComp->bRotationFollowsVelocity = true;
    16. 	MoveComp->bInitialVelocityInLocalSpace = true;
    17. 	MoveComp->ProjectileGravityScale = 0.0f;
    18. 	MoveComp->InitialSpeed = 8000;
    19.  
    20. 	ImpactShakeInnerRadius = 0.0f;
    21. 	ImpactShakeOuterRadius = 1500.0f;
    22.  
    23. }

    胶囊碰撞体：USphereComponent* SphereComp;

    • 设置名称
    • 设置碰撞预设
    • 设置碰撞触发事件
    • 将RootComponent设为碰撞体

    子弹移动组件：UProjectileMovementComponent* MoveComp;

    • 初始化相关移动属性，比如速度

    粒子系统组件（平A效果）：UParticleSystemComponent* EffectComp;

    在cpp中构造函数进行初始化，只需要设置名称与挂载RootComponent。

    因为子弹效果必然要跟随着子弹，故需要附着在RootComponent上。

    粒子系统组件（爆炸效果）：UParticleSystem* ImpactVFX;

    在编辑中设置。

    因为爆炸效果只需要在碰撞点触发，故不需要附着在RootComponent上。

    子弹爆炸音效组件：USoundCue* ImpactSound;

    ？子弹播放声音组件：UAudioComponent* AudioComp;

    声音较小，在黑洞攻击时有体现

    子弹击中画面震动效果：TSubclassOf ImpactShake;

    1. 	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, Category = "Effects|Shake")
    2. 	TSubclassOf ImpactShake;
    3.  
    4. 	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, Category = "Effects|Shake")
    5. 	float ImpactShakeInnerRadius;
    6.  
    7. 	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, Category = "Effects|Shake")
    8. 	float ImpactShakeOuterRadius;

    ⭐碰撞事件&爆炸（虚函数）：void Explode();（BlueprintNativeEvent）

    1. 	// BlueprintNativeEvent = C++ base implementation, can be expanded in Blueprints
    2. 	// BlueprintCallable to allow child classes to trigger explosions
    3. 	// Not required for assignment, useful for expanding in Blueprint later on
    4. 	UFUNCTION(BlueprintCallable, BlueprintNativeEvent)
    5. 	void Explode();

    在cpp中实现逻辑：

    • 在爆炸处播放粒子特效ImpactVFX
    • 在爆炸处播放爆炸音效ImpactSound
    • 在爆炸处触发画面震动效果ImpactShake
    1. void ASProjectileBase::OnActorHit(UPrimitiveComponent* HitComponent, AActor* OtherActor, UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, FVector NormalImpulse, const FHitResult& Hit)
    2. {
    3. 	Explode();
    4. }
    1. // _Implementation from it being marked as BlueprintNativeEvent
    2. void ASProjectileBase::Explode_Implementation()
    3. {
    4. 	// Check to make sure we aren't already being 'destroyed'
    5. 	// Adding ensure to see if we encounter this situation at all
    6. 	if (ensure(!IsPendingKill()))
    7. 	{
    8. 		UGameplayStatics::SpawnEmitterAtLocation(this, ImpactVFX, GetActorLocation(), GetActorRotation());
    9.  
    10. 		UGameplayStatics::PlaySoundAtLocation(this, ImpactSound, GetActorLocation());
    11.  
    12. 		UGameplayStatics::PlayWorldCameraShake(this, ImpactShake, GetActorLocation(), ImpactShakeInnerRadius, ImpactShakeOuterRadius);
    13.  
    14. 		Destroy();
    15. 	}
    16. }

    普通攻击：SMagicProjectile

    依赖于USAtrributeComponent，人物属性组件，因为要影响人物的血量

    设置并重写OnActorOverlap逻辑：

    构造函数初始化并设置碰撞体触发事件：

    1. ASMagicProjectile::ASMagicProjectile()
    2. {
    3. 	SphereComp->SetSphereRadius(20.0f);
    4. 	SphereComp->OnComponentBeginOverlap.AddDynamic(this, &ASMagicProjectile::OnActorOverlap);
    5.  
    6. 	DamageAmount = 20.0f;
    7. }

    重写事件逻辑：

    • 更改属性组件AttributeComp（HP）数值
    • 不能伤害自身：OtherActor != GetInstigator()
    1. void ASMagicProjectile::OnActorOverlap(UPrimitiveComponent* OverlappedComponent, AActor* OtherActor, UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, int32 OtherBodyIndex, bool bFromSweep, const FHitResult& SweepResult)
    2. {
    3. 	if (OtherActor && OtherActor != GetInstigator())
    4. 	{
    5. 		USAttributeComponent* AttributeComp = Cast(OtherActor->GetComponentByClass(USAttributeComponent::StaticClass()));
    6. 		if (AttributeComp)
    7. 		{
    8. 			// minus in front of DamageAmount to apply the change as damage, not healing
    9. 			AttributeComp->ApplyHealthChange(GetInstigator(), -DamageAmount);
    10. 			
    11. 			// Only explode when we hit something valid
    12. 			Explode();
    13. 		}
    14. 	}
    15. }

    设置子弹伤害：DamageAmount

    ❗闪现：SDashProjectile

    重写BeginPlay：设置子弹存活时间

    1. void ASDashProjectile::BeginPlay()
    2. {
    3. 	Super::BeginPlay();
    4.  
    5. 	GetWorldTimerManager().SetTimer(TimerHandle_DelayedDetonate, this, &ASDashProjectile::Explode, DetonateDelay);
    6. }

    从Begin之后，DetonateDelay秒之后，调用一次ASDashProjectile。

    虚幻引擎中的Gameplay定时器 | 虚幻引擎5.0文档 (unrealengine.com)

    重写爆炸逻辑Explode_Implementation

    • 清除计时器
    • 爆炸依然播放粒子效果
    • 爆炸后取消粒子效果
    • 爆炸后子弹立即停止移动
    • 爆炸后子弹立即取消碰撞
    • 重新设置定时器，计时触发传送
    1. void ASDashProjectile::Explode_Implementation()
    2. {
    3. 	// Clear timer if the Explode was already called through another source like OnActorHit
    4. 	GetWorldTimerManager().ClearTimer(TimerHandle_DelayedDetonate);
    5.  
    6. 	UGameplayStatics::SpawnEmitterAtLocation(this, ImpactVFX, GetActorLocation(), GetActorRotation());
    7.  
    8. 	EffectComp->DeactivateSystem();
    9.  
    10. 	MoveComp->StopMovementImmediately();
    11. 	SetActorEnableCollision(false);
    12.  
    13. 	FTimerHandle TimerHandle_DelayedTeleport;
    14. 	GetWorldTimerManager().SetTimer(TimerHandle_DelayedTeleport, this, &ASDashProjectile::TeleportInstigator, TeleportDelay);
    15.  
    16. 	// Skip base implementation as it will destroy actor (we need to stay alive a bit longer to finish the 2nd timer)
    17. 	//Super::Explode_Implementation();
    18. }

    实现闪现传送效果：TeleportInstigator

    APawn* Instigator为人物本身，调用actor的TeleportTo函数实现传送AActor::TeleportTo | Unreal Engine Documentation

    1. void ASDashProjectile::TeleportInstigator()
    2. {
    3. 	AActor* ActorToTeleport = GetInstigator();
    4. 	if (ensure(ActorToTeleport))
    5. 	{
    6. 		// Keep instigator rotation or it may end up jarring
    7. 		ActorToTeleport->TeleportTo(GetActorLocation(), ActorToTeleport->GetActorRotation(), false, false);
    8. 	}
    9. }

    设置定时器：FTimerHandle

    FTimerHandle TimerHandle_DelayedDetonate;

    黑洞攻击（蓝图）：Proj_BlackHole

    由SProjectileBase继承而来，为蓝图。

    添加了RadialForce径向力，并设置为负数，因为要实现一种黑洞的吸附能力

    径向力Force Strength

    可影响物体Object Types to Affect

    要排除自身

    吸进黑洞后要杀掉物体：

    ❗接口类：USGameplayInterface

    USInteractionComponent

    利用射线检测实现交互 

    1. void ASCharacter::PrimaryInteract()
    2. {
    3. 	if (InteractionComp)
    4. 	{
    5. 		InteractionComp->PrimaryInteract();
    6. 	}
    7. }
    1. void USInteractionComponent::PrimaryInteract()
    2. {
    3. 	//碰撞预设
    4. 	FCollisionObjectQueryParams ObjectQueryParams;
    5. 	ObjectQueryParams.AddObjectTypesToQuery(ECC_WorldDynamic);
    6. 	//获取自身
    7. 	AActor* MyOwner = GetOwner();
    8.  
    9. 	//设置碰撞检测位置参数，从眼部开始
    10. 	FVector EyeLocation;
    11. 	FRotator EyeRotation;
    12. 	MyOwner->GetActorEyesViewPoint(EyeLocation, EyeRotation);
    13. 	
    14. 	FVector End = EyeLocation + (EyeRotation.Vector() * 1000);
    15.  
    16. 	//FHitResult Hit;
    17. 	//bool bBlockingHit = GetWorld()->LineTraceSingleByObjectType(Hit, EyeLocation, End, ObjectQueryParams);
    18.  
    19. 	TArray Hits;
    20.  
    21. 	float Radius = 30.f;
    22. 	//射线检测形状
    23. 	FCollisionShape Shape;
    24. 	Shape.SetSphere(Radius);
    25.  
    26. 	bool bBlockingHit = GetWorld()->SweepMultiByObjectType(Hits, EyeLocation, End, FQuat::Identity, ObjectQueryParams, Shape);
    27. 	//射线颜色
    28. 	FColor LineColor = bBlockingHit ? FColor::Green : FColor::Red;
    29.  
    30. 	for (FHitResult &Hit : Hits)
    31. 	{
    32. 		AActor* HitActor = Hit.GetActor();
    33. 		if (HitActor)
    34. 		{
    35. 			//执行击中物体所实现的接口
    36. 			if (HitActor->Implements())
    37. 			{
    38. 				APawn* MyPawn = Cast(MyOwner);
    39.  
    40. 				ISGameplayInterface::Execute_Interact(HitActor, MyPawn);
    41. 				break;
    42. 			}
    43. 		}
    44.  
    45. 		DrawDebugSphere(GetWorld(), Hit.ImpactPoint, Radius, 32, LineColor, false, 2.0f);
    46. 	}
    47.  
    48. 	DrawDebugLine(GetWorld(), EyeLocation, End, LineColor, false, 2.0f, 0, 2.0f);
    49.  
    50. }

    世界中的物体

    爆炸油桶：ASExplosiveBarrel

    设置StaticMesh，径向力

    1. ASExplosiveBarrel::ASExplosiveBarrel()
    2. {
    3. 	MeshComp = CreateDefaultSubobject("MeshComp");
    4. 	MeshComp->SetSimulatePhysics(true);
    5. 	RootComponent = MeshComp;
    6.  
    7. 	ForceComp = CreateDefaultSubobject("ForceComp");
    8. 	ForceComp->SetupAttachment(MeshComp);
    9.  
    10. 	// Leaving this on applies small constant force via component 'tick' (Optional)
    11. 	ForceComp->SetAutoActivate(false);
    12.  
    13. 	ForceComp->Radius = 750.0f;
    14. 	ForceComp->ImpulseStrength = 2500.0f; // Alternative: 200000.0 if bImpulseVelChange = false
    15. 	// Optional, ignores 'Mass' of other objects (if false, the impulse strength will be much higher to push most objects depending on Mass)
    16. 	ForceComp->bImpulseVelChange = true;
    17.  
    18. 	// Optional, default constructor of component already adds 4 object types to affect, excluding WorldDynamic
    19. 	ForceComp->AddCollisionChannelToAffect(ECC_WorldDynamic);
    20.  
    21. 	// Binding either in constructor or in PostInitializeComponents() below
    22. 	//MeshComp->OnComponentHit.AddDynamic(this, &ASExplosiveBarrel::OnActorHit);
    23. }

    初始化Actor组件（添加碰撞事件）

    AActor::PostInitializeComponents | Unreal Engine Documentation

    ‎允许Actor在初始化所有组件后在C++端初始化自己，仅在游戏过程中调用‎ 

    1. void ASExplosiveBarrel::PostInitializeComponents()
    2. {
    3. 	// Don't forget to call parent function
    4. 	Super::PostInitializeComponents();
    5.  
    6. 	MeshComp->OnComponentHit.AddDynamic(this, &ASExplosiveBarrel::OnActorHit);
    7. }

     其实有效果的就是第一句：

    1. void ASExplosiveBarrel::OnActorHit(UPrimitiveComponent* HitComponent, AActor* OtherActor, UPrimitiveComponent* OtherComp, FVector NormalImpulse, const FHitResult& Hit)
    2. {
    3. 	ForceComp->FireImpulse();
    4.  
    5. 	UE_LOG(LogTemp, Log, TEXT("OnActorHit in Explosive Barrel"));
    6.  
    7. 	// %s = string
    8. 	// %f = float
    9. 	// logs: "OtherActor: MyActor_1, at gametime: 124.4" 
    10. 	UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("OtherActor: %s, at game time: %f"), *GetNameSafe(OtherActor), GetWorld()->TimeSeconds);
    11.  
    12. 	FString CombinedString = FString::Printf(TEXT("Hit at location: %s"), *Hit.ImpactPoint.ToString());
    13. 	DrawDebugString(GetWorld(), Hit.ImpactPoint, CombinedString, nullptr, FColor::Green, 2.0f, true);
    14. 	
    15. 	// Detailed info on logging in ue4
    16. 	// https://nerivec.github.io/old-ue4-wiki/pages/logs-printing-messages-to-yourself-during-runtime.html
    17.  
    18. }

    宝箱（实现交互接口）：ASItemChest

     实现交互后，打开/关闭宝箱盖子 ，同时可以在蓝图中设置粒子效果

    1. ASItemChest::ASItemChest()
    2. {
    3. 	BaseMesh = CreateDefaultSubobject(TEXT("BaseMesh"));
    4. 	RootComponent = BaseMesh;
    5.  
    6. 	LidMesh = CreateDefaultSubobject(TEXT("LidMesh"));
    7. 	LidMesh->SetupAttachment(BaseMesh);
    8.  
    9. 	TargetPitch = 110;
    10. }
    11.  
    12.  
    13. void ASItemChest::Interact_Implementation(APawn* InstigatorPawn)
    14. {
    15. 	LidMesh->SetRelativeRotation(FRotator(TargetPitch, 0, 0));
    16. }

    在蓝图中的Class Settings里可以看到继承了接口：

    实现交互开关宝箱、设置粒子效果

    血包（实现交互接口）：ASPowerupActor

    老规矩，首先是简单的构造函数中的初始化

    1. ASPowerupActor::ASPowerupActor()
    2. {
    3. 	SphereComp = CreateDefaultSubobject("SphereComp");
    4. 	SphereComp->SetCollisionProfileName("Powerup");
    5. 	RootComponent = SphereComp;
    6.  
    7. 	RespawnTime = 10.0f;
    8. }

    血包有很多种，因此接口实现逻辑由子类实现：

    1. void ASPowerupActor::Interact_Implementation(APawn* InstigatorPawn)
    2. {
    3. 	// logic in derived classes...
    4. }

    吃掉后隐藏血包（计时器）：

    1. void ASPowerupActor::HideAndCooldownPowerup()
    2. {
    3. 	SetPowerupState(false);
    4.  
    5. 	GetWorldTimerManager().SetTimer(TimerHandle_RespawnTimer, this, &ASPowerupActor::ShowPowerup, RespawnTime);
    6. }
    7.  
    8. void ASPowerupActor::SetPowerupState(bool bNewIsActive)
    9. {
    10. 	SetActorEnableCollision(bNewIsActive);
    11.  
    12. 	// Set visibility on root and all children
    13. 	RootComponent->SetVisibility(bNewIsActive, true);
    14. }

    血包子类：ASPowerup_HealthPotion

    1. void ASPowerup_HealthPotion::Interact_Implementation(APawn* InstigatorPawn)
    2. {
    3. 	if (!ensure(InstigatorPawn))
    4. 	{
    5. 		return;
    6. 	}
    7.  
    8. 	USAttributeComponent* AttributeComp = USAttributeComponent::GetAttributes(InstigatorPawn);
    9. 	// Check if not already at max health
    10. 	if (ensure(AttributeComp) && !AttributeComp->IsFullHealth())
    11. 	{
    12. 		// Only activate if healed successfully
    13. 		if (AttributeComp->ApplyHealthChange(this, AttributeComp->GetHealthMax()))
    14. 		{
    15. 			HideAndCooldownPowerup();
    16. 		}
    17. 	}
    18. }

    UI：Widget

    十字准星

    创建Widget并设置：

    游戏开始时添加到屏幕上

    create widget：

    人物血条、Credits、游戏进行时间：Main_HUD

    血条

    创建对应组件UI

    为text绑定health事件

    Credits：

    游戏进行时间：

    AI

    UE中的AI系统

    • Navigation Mesh：AI寻路，可达区域
    • Behavior Tree：行为树，AI的大脑
    • Blackboard：AI数据存储
    • Environment Query System：空间查询
    • PawnSensing&AIPerception：感知
    • Debug相关

    行为树：

    设置黑板 

    添加导航网格体：NavMeshBoundsVolume

    游戏AI角色：SAICharacter

    游戏AI控制器：SAIController

    设置行为树

    1. class UBehaviorTree;
    2.  
    3. /**
    4.  * 
    5.  */
    6. UCLASS()
    7. class ACTIONROGUELIKE_API ASAIController : public AAIController
    8. {
    9. 	GENERATED_BODY()
    10. 	
    11. protected:
    12.  
    13. 	UPROPERTY(EditDefaultsOnly, Category = "AI")
    14. 	UBehaviorTree* BehaviorTree;
    15.  
    16. 	virtual void BeginPlay() override;
    17. };
    1. void ASAIController::BeginPlay()
    2. {
    3. 	Super::BeginPlay();
    4.  
    5. 	if (ensureMsgf(BehaviorTree, TEXT("Behavior Tree is nullptr! Please assign BehaviorTree in your AI Controller.")))
    6. 	{
    7. 		RunBehaviorTree(BehaviorTree);
    8. 	}
    9.  
    10. // 	APawn* MyPawn = UGameplayStatics::GetPlayerPawn(this, 0);
    11. // 	if (MyPawn)
    12. // 	{
    13. // 		GetBlackboardComponent()->SetValueAsVector("MoveToLocation", MyPawn->GetActorLocation());
    14. // 
    15. // 		GetBlackboardComponent()->SetValueAsObject("TargetActor", MyPawn);
    16. // 	}
    17. }

     

    为SAICharacter设置控制器

    游戏AI逻辑-范围内攻击：USBTService_CheckAttackRange（UBTService）

    范围查询逻辑

    • 检查AI与玩家的距离
    • LineOfSightTo：true if controller's pawn can see Other actor
    • 在黑板中添加对应key值，通过C++逻辑设置bool值：BlackBoardComp->SetValueAsBool(AttackRangeKey.SelectedKeyName, (bWithinRange && bHasLOS));

    逻辑为：当且仅当：

    • AI距离玩家小于MaxAttackRange时
    • AI能够看见玩家时 

    为真。 

    1. void USBTService_CheckAttackRange::TickNode(UBehaviorTreeComponent& OwnerComp, uint8* NodeMemory, float DeltaSeconds)
    2. {
    3. 	Super::TickNode(OwnerComp, NodeMemory, DeltaSeconds);
    4.  
    5. 	// Check distance between ai pawn and target actor
    6. 	UBlackboardComponent* BlackBoardComp = OwnerComp.GetBlackboardComponent();
    7. 	if (ensure(BlackBoardComp))
    8. 	{
    9. 		AActor* TargetActor = Cast(BlackBoardComp->GetValueAsObject("TargetActor"));
    10. 		if (TargetActor)
    11. 		{
    12. 			AAIController* MyController = OwnerComp.GetAIOwner();
    13.  
    14. 			APawn* AIPawn = MyController->GetPawn();
    15. 			if (ensure(AIPawn))
    16. 			{
    17. 				float DistanceTo = FVector::Distance(TargetActor->GetActorLocation(), AIPawn->GetActorLocation());
    18.  
    19. 				bool bWithinRange = DistanceTo < MaxAttackRange;
    20.  
    21. 				bool bHasLOS = false;
    22. 				if (bWithinRange)
    23. 				{
    24. 					bHasLOS = MyController->LineOfSightTo(TargetActor);
    25. 				}
    26.  
    27. 				BlackBoardComp->SetValueAsBool(AttackRangeKey.SelectedKeyName, (bWithinRange && bHasLOS));
    28. 			}
    29. 		}
    30. 	}
    31. }

    在行为树添加此Service

    CheckAttackRange后，会首先进入WithinAttackRange？，若条件为真，则AI执行攻击；若条件为假，则AI向玩家移动，直到到达攻击范围内；

    游戏AI范围内攻击任务结点：USBTTask_RangedAttack

    AI朝向玩家：Set default focus

    环境查询系统：

    创建EQS

    图中蓝色球体为未选中移动目标，绿色球体为已被选择的目标，AI会对EQS所查询的目标进行移动 

    随机选取一个位置让AI移动

    在玩家周围半径内设置EQS生成移动目的地

    AI死亡

    1. void ASAICharacter::OnHealthChanged(AActor* InstigatorActor, USAttributeComponent* OwningComp, float NewHealth, float Delta)
    2. {
    3. 	if (Delta < 0.0f)
    4. 	{
    5. 		if (InstigatorActor != this)
    6. 		{
    7. 			SetTargetActor(InstigatorActor);
    8. 		}
    9.  
    10. 		if (ActiveHealthBar == nullptr)
    11. 		{
    12. 			ActiveHealthBar = CreateWidget(GetWorld(), HealthBarWidgetClass);
    13. 			if (ActiveHealthBar)
    14. 			{
    15. 				ActiveHealthBar->AttachedActor = this;
    16. 				ActiveHealthBar->AddToViewport();
    17. 			}
    18. 		}
    19.  
    20. 		GetMesh()->SetScalarParameterValueOnMaterials(TimeToHitParamName, GetWorld()->TimeSeconds);
    21.  
    22. 		if (NewHealth <= 0.0f)
    23. 		{
    24. 			// stop BT
    25. 			AAIController* AIC = Cast(GetController());
    26. 			if (AIC)
    27. 			{
    28. 				AIC->GetBrainComponent()->StopLogic("Killed");
    29. 			}
    30.  
    31. 			// ragdoll
    32. 			GetMesh()->SetAllBodiesSimulatePhysics(true);
    33. 			GetMesh()->SetCollisionProfileName("Ragdoll");
    34.  
    35. 			// set lifespan
    36. 			SetLifeSpan(10.0f);
    37. 		}
    38. 	}
    39. }

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/Jason6620/article/details/126376051