flask框架初学-09-实践与巩固

本章将以博客为例实践前几章学习的内容，讲解部分实例

项目框架

在这里插入图片描述

首先看下ufrom的使用：

app.py下关联CSRFProtect

csrf = CSRFProtect(app=app)
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在apps下的user下创建一个form.py文件定义登录表单输入格式

import re

from flask import session
from flask_wtf import FlaskForm, RecaptchaField
from flask_wtf.file import FileField, FileRequired, FileAllowed
from wtforms import StringField,PasswordField
from wtforms.validators import DataRequired, Length, ValidationError, EqualTo


class UserForm(FlaskForm):
    name = StringField(label = 'name',validators=[DataRequired(),Length(min=6,max=12,message='用户名长度必须在6-12之间')])
    password = PasswordField(label = 'password',validators=[DataRequired(),Length(min=6,max=12,message='密码长度必须在6-12之间')])
    confirm_password = PasswordField(label = 'repassword',validators=[DataRequired(),Length(min=6,max=12,message='密码长度必须在6-12之间'),EqualTo('password','两次密码不一致')])
    phone = StringField(label="手机号码",validators=[DataRequired(),Length(min=11,max=11,message="手机长度必须为11位")])
    icon = FileField(label="用户头像",validators=[FileRequired(),FileAllowed(['jpg','png','gift'],message="必须是图片文件格式")])
    recaptcha = RecaptchaField(label="验证码")
    recaptchabyself = StringField(label='验证码')

    def validate_recaptchabyself(self,data):
        input_code = data.data
        code = session.get('valid')
        if input_code.lower() != code.lower():
            raise ValidationError("验证码错误！")

    # 自定义方法,必须要以validate_开头
    def validate_name(self,data):
        print('--------->',type(self.name))
        print('========>',type(data))
        if self.name.data[0].isdigit():
            raise ValidationError('用户名不能以数字开头')

    def validate_phone(self,data):
        phone = data.data
        if not re.search(r'^1[35678]\d{9}$',phone):
            raise ValidationError("手机格式错误！")
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然后再user下的views中需要表单验证的方法下实例化UserForm()表单

@users_bp.route('/testForm',methods=['GET','POST'])
def testForm():
    uform = UserForm()
    if uform.validate_on_submit():
        print(uform.name)
        print(uform.password)
        name = uform.name.data
        password = uform.password.data
        phone = uform.phone.data
        icon = uform.icon.data
        filename = secure_filename(icon.filename)
        BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
        STATIC_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static')
        UPLOAD_DIR = os.path.join(STATIC_DIR,'upload')
        icon.save(os.path.join(UPLOAD_DIR,filename))
        return '提交成功！'
    return render_template('formtest.html',uform)


# from与bootstrap结合使用
@users_bp.route('/user',methods=['GET','POST'])
def boot_form_user():
    uform = UserForm()
    return render_template('from_bootstrap.html',uform=uform)
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最后在html中使用

formtest.html

DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Titletitle>
    <style>
        p span{
            font-size: 14px;
            color: red;
        }
    style>
    <script src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/2.0.0/jquery.min.js">script>
head>
<body>
    <form action="" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
        {{ uform.csrf_token }}
        <p>{{ uform.name.label }}:{{ uform.name }}<span>{% if uform.name.errors %}{{ uform.name.errors.0 }}{% endif %}span>p>
        <p>{{ uform.password.label }}:{{ uform.password }}<span>{% if uform.password.errors %}{{ uform.password.errors.0 }}{% endif %}span>p>
        <p>{{ uform.confirm_password.label }}:{{ uform.confirm_password }}<span>{% if uform.confirm_password.errors %}{{ uform.confirm_password.errors.0 }}{% endif %}span>p>
        <p>{{ uform.phone.label }}:{{ uform.phone }}<span>{% if uform.phone.errors %}{{ uform.phone.errors.0 }}{% endif %}span>p>
        <p>{{ uform.icon.label }}:{{ uform.icon }}<span>{% if uform.icon.errors %}{{ uform.icon.errors.0 }}{% endif %}span>p>
        <p>{{ uform.recaptcha.label }}:{{ uform.recaptcha }}<span>{% if uform.recaptcha.errors %}{{ uform.recaptcha.errors.0 }}{% endif %}span>p>
        <p>{{ uform.recaptchabyself.label }}:{{ uform.recaptchabyself }}<img src="{{ url_for('users.get_image') }}" alt="" id="img">
        <p>{% if uform.recaptcha.errors %}{{ uform.recaptcha.errors.0 }}{% endif %}p>
        <p><input type="submit" value="提交"> p>
    form>
<script>
    $('#img').vlivk(function(){
        $(this).attr('src',"{{ url_for('get_image') }}?ran="+Math.random());
    })
script>

body>
html>
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form_bootstrap.html

{% extends 'bootstrap/base.html'%}
{% import 'bootstrap/wtf.html' as wtf %}
{% block styles %}
  {{ super() }}
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
  <form action="{{ url_for('hello_word') }}" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
    {{ uform.csrf_token }}
    <p>{{ wtf.quick_form( uform, buttom_map = {'submit_button':'primary'}, horizontal_columns=('lg',5,2) ) }}p>
    <p>{{ wtf.form_field(uform.name) }}p>
  form>
{% endblock %}
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接下来进入正文，这里我们会提到两个模型：article、user，将围绕这两个模块构建一个简单的博客系统，包含增删改查操作，以及一些复杂关系关联等。

user的模型对象：

from datetime import datetime

from exts import db


class User(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key = True,autoincrement = True)
    username = db.Column(db.String(15),unique=True,nullable=False)
    password = db.Column(db.String(256),nullable=False)
    phone = db.Column(db.String(11),nullable=False,unique= True)
    email = db.Column(db.String(30))
    icon = db.Column(db.String(100))
    isdelete = db.Column(db.Boolean,default=False)
    rdatetime = db.Column(db.DateTime,default = datetime.now())
    articles = db.relationship('Article',backref='user')
    comments = db.relationship('Comment',backref='user')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.username

class Photo(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key = True,autoincrement = True)
    photo_name = db.Column(db.String(50),nullable=False)
    photo_datatime = db.Column(db.DateTime,default=datetime.now())
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('user.id'))

    def __str__(self):
        return self.photo_name

class AboutMe(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    content = db.Column(db.BLOB,nullable=False)
    pdatetime = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now())
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'),unique=True)
    user = db.relationship('User', backref='about')

    def __str__(self):
        return self.content


class MessageBoard(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    content = db.Column(db.String(256), nullable=False)
    mdatetime = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now())
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer, db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    user = db.relationship('User', backref='messages')
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article的模型对象：

from datetime import datetime

from exts import db

class Article_type(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    type_name = db.Column(db.String(20),nullable=False)
    articles = db.relationship('Article',backref='articletype')


class Article(db.Model):
    id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True, autoincrement=True)
    title = db.Column(db.String(50),nullable=False)
    content = db.Column(db.Text,nullable=False)
    pdatetime = db.Column(db.DateTime,default=datetime.now())
    click_num = db.Column(db.Integer,default=0)
    save_num = db.Column(db.Integer,default=0)
    love_num = db.Column(db.Integer,default=0)
    # 外键 同步到数据库的外键关系
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('user.id'),nullable=False)
    # 可在user/models.py中添加 articles = db.relationship('Article',backref='user')
    # user = db.relationship('User',backref='articles')
    type_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('article_type.id'))
    comments = db.relationship('Comment',backref='article')


class Comment(db.Model):
    # 自定义表的名字
    # __tablename__ = 'comment'

    id = db.Column(db.Integer,primary_key=True,autoincrement=True)
    comment = db.Column(db.String(255),nullable=False)
    user_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('user.id'))
    article_id = db.Column(db.Integer,db.ForeignKey('article.id'))
    cdatetime = db.Column(db.DateTime,default = datetime.now())

    def __str__(self):
       return self.comment
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user的视图控制器views

import hashlib
import logging
import os
import time
from io import BytesIO

from flask import Blueprint, render_template, request, url_for, jsonify, session, g, make_response, flash, app
from flask_wtf import csrf
from werkzeug.security import generate_password_hash, check_password_hash
from werkzeug.utils import redirect, secure_filename

from apps.article.models import Article_type, Article
from apps.user.form import UserForm
from apps.user.models import User, Photo, AboutMe, MessageBoard
from apps.user.smssend import SmsSendAPIDemo
from apps.utils.util import upload_qiniu, delete_qiniu, user_type, sendMessage, generate_image
from exts import db, cache
from settings import Config

users_bp = Blueprint('users',__name__,url_prefix='/users')

# 访问以下url需要已登录状态
required_login_list = ['/users/center',
                       '/users/change',
                       '/users/publish',
                       '/users/upload_photo',
                       '/users/photo_del',
                       '/articles/add_comment',
                       '/users/aboutme',
                       '/users/showabout']

@users_bp.before_app_first_request
def first_request():
    print('before_app_first_request')
    if request.path in required_login_list:
        print("需要验证用户的登录情况！")


@users_bp.before_app_request
def before_request1():
    print('before_app_request',request.path)
    if request.path in required_login_list:
        id = session.get('uid')
        print('------>',id)
        if not id:
            uform = UserForm()
            return render_template('user/login.html',uform=uform)
        else:
            user = User.query.get(id)
            # g对象 本次请求的对象
            g.user = user
            print(g.user.username)

@users_bp.after_app_request
def after_request_test(response):
    print('after_app_request')
    response.set_cookie('a','bbbb',max_age=19)
    return response

@users_bp.teardown_app_request
def teardown_request_test(response):
    print('teardown_app_request')


# 自定义过滤器
@users_bp.app_template_filter('cdecode')
def content_decode(content):
    content = content.decode('utf-8')
    return content[:200]

# 自定义过滤器
@users_bp.app_template_filter('cdecode1')
def content_decode1(content):
    content = content.decode('utf-8')
    return content

# 首页
@users_bp.route('/')
@cache.cached(timeout=50)
def index():
     # 1、cookie的获取
    # uid = request.cookies.get('uid',None)

    # # 2、session的获取，session默认
    # uid = session.get('uid')
    user,types = user_type()
    page = int(request.args.get('page',1))
    print(page)
    # 判断是否存在检索词汇
    search = request.args.get('search','')
    # 有检索词汇
    if search:
        # 进行检索contains
        pagination = Article.query.filter(Article.title.contains(search)).order_by(-Article.pdatetime).paginate(page, per_page=1)
    else:
        # 获取文章列表
        pagination = Article.query.order_by(-Article.pdatetime).paginate(page,per_page=1)
    print(pagination.items)
    print(pagination.page)  # 当前页码数
    print(pagination.prev_num)  # 当前的前一个页码数
    print(pagination.next_num)  # 当前的后一页的页码数
    print(pagination.has_next)
    print(pagination.has_prev)
    print(pagination.pages) # 总共有几页
    print(pagination.total) # 总的记录条数
    params = {
        'user': user,
        'types': types,
        'pagination': pagination,
        'search': search
    }
    # 模拟延时
    for i in range(10):
        time.sleep(0.5)
    return render_template('user/index.html',**params)

# 用户注册
@users_bp.route('/register',methods=['POST','GET'])
def register():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form.get('username')
        password = request.form.get('password')
        repassword = request.form.get('repassword')
        phone = request.form.get('phone')
        email = request.form.get('email')
        if password == repassword:
            user = User()
            user.username = username
            # user.password = hashlib.md5(password.encode('utf-8')).hexdigest()
            # 使用自带的函数实现加密：generate_password_hash
            user.password = generate_password_hash(password)
            user.phone = phone
            user.email = email
            db.session.add(user)
            db.session.commit()
            return redirect(url_for('users.index'))
        return render_template('user/register.html',msg='用户确认密码不正确！')
    return render_template('user/register.html')

# 手机号码验证
@users_bp.route('/checkphone',methods=['POST','GET'])
def check_phone():
    phone = request.args.get('phone')
    user = User.query.filter(User.phone == phone).all()
    if user:
        return jsonify(code=400,msg='此号码已被注册')
    else:
        return jsonify(code=200,msg='此号码可用')

# 登录
@users_bp.route('/login',methods=['POST','GET'])
def login():
    print("我看你进来了没有")
    if request.method == 'POST':
        f = request.args.get('f')
        # 手机密码登录
        if f == '1':
            username = request.form.get('username')
            password = request.form.get('password')
            users = User.query.filter(User.username == username).all()
            for user in users:
                # check_password_hash(加密后的密码, 传入的密码) 如果Flag=True表示匹配
                Flag = check_password_hash(user.password, password)
                if Flag:
                    '''
                    # 1、cookie实现机制
                    response = redirect(url_for('users.index'))
                    response.set_cookie('uid',str(user.id),max_age=1800)
                    return response
                    '''
                    # 2、session实现机制,session当成字典使用
                    session['uid'] = user.id
                    return redirect(url_for('users.index'))
                else:
                    return render_template('user/login.html',msg='用户名或密码错误！')
        # 手机验证码登录
        elif f == '2':
            phone = request.form.get('phone')
            code = request.form.get('code')
            # session中获取验证码
            # valid_code = session.get('phone')
            # redis缓存中获取验证码
            valid_code = cache.get(phone)
            print(valid_code)
            user = User.query.filter(User.phone == phone).first()
            if user:
                if code == valid_code:
                    session['uid'] = user.id
                    return redirect(url_for('users.index'))
                else:
                    return render_template('user/login.html', msg='验证码有误！')
            else:
                return render_template('user/login.html',msg='手机号码未注册！')
    else:
        return render_template('user/login.html')

# 退出登录
@users_bp.route('/logout')
def logout():
    '''
    # 1、cookie方式
    response = redirect(url_for('user.index'))
    # 通过response对象的delete_cookie(key),key就是要删除的cookie的key
    response.delete_cookie('uid')
    return response
    '''
    # 2、session方式
    # del session['uid']
    session.clear()

    return redirect(url_for('users.index'))

# 发送短信
@users_bp.route('/sendMsg')
def send_message():
    phone = request.args.get('phone')
    user = User.query.filter(User.phone==phone).first()
    print(user.username)
    if user:
        ret,code = sendMessage(phone)
        '''
         # session中存储验证码
        session['phone'] = '122417'
        return jsonify(cood=200,msg='短信发送成功！')
        '''

        if ret is not None:
            if ret["code"] == 200:
                # taskId = ret["data"]["taskId"]
                # print("taskId = %s" % taskId)
                # session[phone] = '122417'

                # cache.set(key,value,timeout=second)
                # 将验证码存入redis，并设置有效时间为180s
                cache.set(phone, code, timeout=180)
                return jsonify(cood=200,msg='短信发送成功！')
            else:
                print ("ERROR: ret.code=%s,msg=%s" % (ret['code'], ret['msg']))
                return jsonify(cood=200, msg='短信发送失败！')
    else:
        return render_template('user/login.html', msg='手机号未注册！')

# 用户中心
@users_bp.route('/center')
def center():
    user, types = user_type()
    photos = Photo.query.filter(Photo.user_id == g.user.id).all()
    return render_template('user/center.html',user=g.user,types=types,photos=photos)


# 图片的扩展名
ALLOWWD_EXTENDIONS = ['jpg','png','gif','bmp']

# 修改信息
@users_bp.route('/change',methods=['POST','GET'])
def user_change():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form.get('username')
        phone = request.form.get('phone')
        email = request.form.get('email')
        # 图片必须使用request.files.get()获取
        icon = request.files.get('icon')
        # 查询一下手机号码
        users = User.query.all()
        for user in users:
            if user.phone == phone:
                return render_template('user/center.html',user=g.user,msg='此号码已被注册！')
            else:
                # 属性：filename 用户获取文件的名字
                # 方法：save（保存路径）
                icon_name = icon.filename
                suffix = icon_name.rsplit('.')[-1]
                if suffix in ALLOWWD_EXTENDIONS:
                    # 保存文件名是符合python的命名规则
                    icon_name = secure_filename(icon_name)
                    file_path = os.path.join(Config.UPLOAD_ICON_DIR, icon_name)
                    icon.save(file_path)
                    user = g.user
                    user.username = username
                    user.phone = phone
                    user.email = email
                    path = 'upload/icon/'
                    user.icon = os.path.join(path,icon_name)
                    print('------------->',user.icon)
                    db.session.commit()
                    return redirect(url_for('users.center'))
                else:
                    return render_template('user/center.html', user=g.user, msg='图片扩展名必须为：jpg,png,gif,bmp')
    return render_template('user/center.html',user=g.user)


# 上传照片
@users_bp.route('/upload_photo',methods=['GET','POST'])
def upload_photo():
    # 获取上传的内容
    photo = request.files.get('photo')
    ret,info = upload_qiniu(photo)
    if info.status_code == 200:
        photo = Photo()
        photo.photo_name = ret['key']
        photo.user_id = g.user.id
        db.session.add(photo)
        db.session.commit()
        return '上传成功!'
    else:
        return '上传失败！'

# 展示图片
@users_bp.route('myphoto')
def myphoto():
    page = int(request.args.get('page',1))
    # 分页
    photos = Photo.query.paginate(page=1,per_page=3)
    user, types = user_type()
    return render_template('user/myphoto.html',photos=photos,user=user,types=types)

# 删除相册图片
@users_bp.route('/photo_del',methods=['GET','POST'])
def photo_del():
    pid = request.args.get('pid')
    photo = Photo.query.get(pid)
    filename = photo.photo_name
    info = delete_qiniu(filename)
    if info.status_code == 200:
        db.session.delete(photo)
        db.session.commit()
        return redirect('users.user_center')
    else:
        return render_template('500.html',err_msg='删除相册失败！')

# 关于用户介绍添加
@users_bp.route('/aboutme',methods=['GET','POST'])
def about_me():
    content = request.form.get('about')
    try:
        aboutme = AboutMe()
        aboutme.content = content.encode('utf-8')
        aboutme.user_id = g.user.id
        db.session.add(aboutme)
        db.session.commit()
    except Exception as err:
        return redirect(url_for('users.user_center'))
    else:
        return render_template('user/aboutme.html',user=g.user)

@users_bp.route('/showabout')
def show_about():
    user, types = user_type()
    return render_template('user/aboutme.html',user=g.user,types=types)

# 展示错误页
@users_bp.route('/error')
def test_error():
    referer = request.headers.get('Referer',None)
    return render_template('500.html',referer=referer)

# 留言板
@users_bp.route('/board',methods=['GET','POST'])
def show_board():
    user, types = user_type()
    uid= user.id
    # 查询所有的留言内容
    page = int(request.args.get('page',1))
    boardes = MessageBoard.query.filter(MessageBoard.user_id == uid).order_by(-MessageBoard.mdatetime).paginate(page=page,per_page=3)
    if request.method == 'POST':
        content = request.form.get('board')
        msg_board = MessageBoard()
        msg_board.content = content
        if uid:
            msg_board.uid = uid
        db.session.add(msg_board)
        db.session.commit()
        return redirect(url_for('users.show_board'))

    return render_template('user/board.html',user=g.user,boardes=boardes)

# 删除留言
@users_bp.route('/board_del')
def delete_board():
    bid = request.agrs.get('bid')
    if bid:
        msgboard = MessageBoard.query.get(bid)
        db.session.delete(msgboard)
        db.session.commit()
    return redirect(url_for('users.user_center'))

@users_bp.route('/testForm',methods=['GET','POST'])
def testForm():
    uform = UserForm()
    if uform.validate_on_submit():
        print(uform.name)
        print(uform.password)
        name = uform.name.data
        password = uform.password.data
        phone = uform.phone.data
        icon = uform.icon.data
        filename = secure_filename(icon.filename)
        BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
        STATIC_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static')
        UPLOAD_DIR = os.path.join(STATIC_DIR,'upload')
        icon.save(os.path.join(UPLOAD_DIR,filename))
        return '提交成功！'
    return render_template('formtest.html',uform)

@users_bp.route('/image')
def get_image():
   im,code = generate_image()
   # 将image对象转成二进制
   buffer = BytesIO()
   im.save(buffer,"JPEG")
   buf_bytes = buffer.getvalue()
   # 保存到session中
   session['valid'] = code
   response = make_response(buf_bytes)
   response.headers['Content-Type'] = 'image/jpg'
   return response

# from与bootstrap结合使用
@users_bp.route('/user',methods=['GET','POST'])
def boot_form_user():
    uform = UserForm()
    return render_template('from_bootstrap.html',uform=uform)

# flash
@users_bp.route('/flush',methods=['GET','POST'])
def test_flush():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        username = request.form.get('username')
        if username == 'admin':
            flash('登录成功！','info')
            flash(username,'warning')
            flash('hahha', 'error')
            return render_template('index.html')
        else:
            app.logger.debug('这是一个debug测试')
            app.logger.warning('这是一个warning测试')
            app.logger.error('这个是一个error测试')
    return render_template('flushtest.html')

logger = logging.getLogger('app')
logger.setLevel(level=logging.WARNING)
handler = logging.FileHandler("log2.txt")
handler.setLevel(logging.INFO)
formatter = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s - %(name)s - %(levelname)s -%(message)s')
handler.setFormatter(formatter)
logger.addHandler(handler)

@users_bp.route('/logger')
def logger_test():
    logger.warning("首页的警告！！！！！！")
    app.logger.warning('首页警告2！！！！！')
    return render_template('')

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article的视图控制器views

'''
Author: 梁雅馨
CreateTime: 
descript: 
'''

from flask import Blueprint, request, g, url_for, render_template, jsonify, session
from werkzeug.utils import redirect

from apps.article.models import Article, Article_type, Comment
from apps.user.models import User
from exts import db

articles_bp = Blueprint('articles',__name__,url_prefix='/articles')

# 访问以下url需要已登录状态
required_login_list = ['/articles/publish',
                       '/articles/love',
                       '/articles/save',
                       '/articles/add_comment']

@articles_bp.before_app_first_request
def first_request():
    print('before_app_first_request')
    if request.path in required_login_list:
        print("需要验证用户的登录情况！")


@articles_bp.before_app_request
def before_request1():
    print('before_app_request',request.path)
    if request.path in required_login_list:
        id = session.get('uid')
        print('------>',id)
        if not id:
            return render_template('user/login.html')
        else:
            user = User.query.get(id)
            # g对象 本次请求的对象
            g.user = user
            print(g.user.username)

# 自定义过滤器
@articles_bp.app_template_filter('cdecode')
def content_decode(content):
    content = content.decode('utf-8')
    return content

# 发布文章
@articles_bp.route('/publish',methods=['POST','GER'])
def publish_article():
    if request.method == 'post':
        title = request.form.get('title')
        type_id = request.method.get('type')
        content = request.form.get('content')
        article = Article()
        article.title = title
        article.type_id = type_id
        article.content = content
        article.user_id = g.user.id
        db.session.add(article)
        db.session.commit()
        return redirect(url_for('users.index'))

# 展示文章详情
@articles_bp.route('/detail')
def articles_detail():
    # 通过id获取文章
    id= request.args.get('aid')
    print(id)
    article = Article.query.get(id)

    # 获取文章分类
    # types = Article_type.query.all(0)
    # 登录用户
    user_id = session.get('uid')
    user = None
    if user_id:
        user = User.query.get(user_id)
    page = int(request.args.get('page',1))
    comment = Comment.query.filter(Comment.article_id == id).order_by(-Comment.cdatetime).paginate(page=page,per_page=5)
    return render_template('articles/detail.html',article=article,user=user,comment=comment)

# 收藏
@articles_bp.route('/love')
def articles_love():
    article_id = request.args.get('aid')
    tag = request.args.get('tag')
    article = Article.query.get(article_id)
    if tag == '1':
        article.love_num -= 1
    else:
        article.love_num += 1
    db.session.commit()
    return jsonify(num = article.love_num)

# 点赞
@articles_bp.route('/save')
def articles_save():
    article_id = request.args.get('aid')
    tag = request.args.get('tag')
    article = Article.query.get(article_id)
    if tag == '1':
        article.save_num -= 1
    else:
        article.save_num += 1

    db.session.commit()
    return jsonify(num=article.save_num)

# 发表文章评论
@articles_bp.route('/add_comment',methods=['POST','GER'])
def article_comment():
    if request.method == 'POST':
        comments = request.form.get('comment')
        user_id = g.user.id
        article_id = request.form.get('aid')
        print(article_id)
        comment =Comment()
        comment.comment = comments
        comment.article_id = article_id
        comment.user_id = user_id
        db.session.add(comment)
        db.session.commit()
        return redirect(url_for('articles.articles_detail')+"?aid="+article_id)
    return redirect(url_for('user.index'))

# 文章分类检索
@articles_bp.route('/type_search')
def type_search():
    uid = session.get('uid')
    user = None
    if uid:
        user = User.query.get(uid)
    # 文章分类获取
    types = Article_type.query.all()
    # 获取tid
    tid = int(request.args.get('tid',1))
    page = int(request.args.get('page',1))
    type = Article_type.query.get(tid)
    articles = Article.query.filter(Article.articletype == type).order_by(-Article.pdatetime).paginate(page=page,per_page=1)

    return render_template('articles/article_type.html',user=user,types=types,type=type,articles=articles)

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工具方法 smssend.py

import hashlib
from hashlib import md5
import json
import random
import time
import urllib
import urllib.request


class SmsSendAPIDemo(object):
    API_URL = "https://sms.dun.163.com/v2/sendsms"
    VERSION = "v2"

    def __init__(self, secret_id, secret_key, business_id):
        """
        Args:
            secret_id (str) 产品密钥ID，产品标识
            secret_key (str) 产品私有密钥，服务端生成签名信息使用
            business_id (str) 业务ID，易盾根据产品业务特点分配
        """
        self.secret_id = secret_id
        self.secret_key = secret_key
        self.business_id = business_id

    def gen_signature(self, params=None):
        """生成签名信息
        Args:
            params (object) 请求参数
        Returns:
            参数签名md5值
        """
        buff = ""
        for k in sorted(params.keys()):
            buff += str(k) + str(params[k])
        buff += self.secret_key
        return hashlib.md5(buff.encode("utf-8")).hexdigest()

    def send(self, params):
        """请求易盾接口
        Args:
            params (object) 请求参数
        Returns:
            请求结果，json格式
        """
        params["secretId"] = self.secret_id
        params["businessId"] = self.business_id
        params["version"] = self.VERSION
        params["timestamp"] = int(time.time() * 1000)
        params["nonce"] = int(random.random() * 100000000)
        params["signature"] = self.gen_signature(params)

        try:

            params = urllib.parse.urlencode(params)
            params = params.encode('utf-8')
            request = urllib.request.Request(self.API_URL, params)
            content = urllib.request.urlopen(request, timeout=5).read()
            return json.loads(content)
            # response = request.post(self.API_URL, data=params)
            # return response.json()
        except Exception as ex:
            print("调用API接口失败:", str(ex))


if __name__ == "__main__":
    """示例代码入口"""
    SECRET_ID = "**********"  # 产品密钥ID，产品标识
    SECRET_KEY = "*************"  # 产品私有密钥，服务端生成签名信息使用，请严格保管，避免泄露
    BUSINESS_ID = "**************"  # 业务ID，易盾根据产品业务特点分配
    api = SmsSendAPIDemo(SECRET_ID, SECRET_KEY, BUSINESS_ID)

    params = {
        "mobile": "15010185644",
        "templateId": "10084",
        "paramType": "json",
        "params": "{'code':200','time':'20211224'}"
        # 国际短信对应的国际编码(非国际短信接入请注释掉该行代码)
        # "internationalCode": "对应的国家编码"
    }
    ret = api.send(params)
    if ret is not None:
        if ret["code"] == 200:
            taskId = ret["data"]["taskId"]
            print("taskId = %s" % taskId)
        else:
            print ("ERROR: ret.code=%s,msg=%s" % (ret['code'], ret['msg']))
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utils下的util.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# flake8: noqa
import os
from random import random

import requests
from PIL import ImageFilter
from PIL.Image import Image
from PIL.ImageDraw import ImageDraw
from PIL.ImageFont import ImageFont
from PIL._imaging import font
from flask import session
from qiniu import Auth, put_file, etag
from qiniu import BucketManager

from apps.article.models import Article_type
from apps.user.models import User
from apps.user.smssend import SmsSendAPIDemo
from settings import Config

access_key = 'KWkj4za9qp5KYy7VDzkLrxC6OBJvZvtuO-28pFoB'
secret_key = 'aiLWEJDBPUR8Be_hv-nlg-NhIh3kusH5ch-wjTbN'
# 要上传的空间
bucket_name = 'mublog2022'

def user_type():
    user_id = session.get('uid')
    user = None
    if user_id:
        user = User.query.get(user_id)
    types = Article_type.query.all()
    return user,types

def sendMessage(phone):
    SECRET_ID = "33fc0b00c3505c3ed4c710f965e309fa"  # 产品密钥ID，产品标识
    SECRET_KEY = "f3d9dac4fa83272242411e2f1a6b1ae0"  # 产品私有密钥，服务端生成签名信息使用，请严格保管，避免泄露
    BUSINESS_ID = "6288c6bfb7764a24a6cc226b2ffb61a8"  # 业务ID，易盾根据产品业务特点分配
    api = SmsSendAPIDemo(SECRET_ID,SECRET_KEY,BUSINESS_ID)
    # secret_pair = SecretPair(SECRET_ID,SECRET_KEY)
    # api = SmsSendAPIDemo(BUSINESS_ID,secret_pair)
    # 随机产生验证码
    code = ""
    for i in range(4):
        ran = random.randint(0,9)
        code += str(ran)
    params = {
        "mobile": phone,
        "templateId": "10084",
        "paramType": "json",
        "params": {'code':code,'time':'20211224'}
        # 国际短信对应的国际编码(非国际短信接入请注释掉该行代码)
        # "internationalCode": "对应的国家编码"
    }
    ret = api.send(params)
    return ret,code



# 上传本地文件
def upload_qiniu(filestorage):
    # 初始化Auth状态
    q = Auth(access_key, secret_key)
    # 初始化BucketManager
    bucket = BucketManager(q)
    # 获取文件名
    filename = filestorage.filename
    # 重新拼接成一个不重复的文件名
    ran = random.randint(1,1000)
    suffix = filename.rsplit('.')[-1]
    key = filename.rsplit('.')[0]+ '_' +str(ran) + '.' +suffix

    #生成上传 Token，可以指定过期时间等
    token = q.upload_token(bucket_name, key, 3600)
    #要上传文件的本地路径
    # localfile = os.path.join(Config.UPLOAD_ICON_DIR,phone_name)
    ret, info = put_file(token, key, filestorage.read(), version='v2')
    # print(info)
    assert ret['key'] == key
    assert ret['hash'] == etag(filestorage.read())
    return ret,info

def delete_qiniu(key):
    # 初始化Auth状态
    q = Auth(access_key, secret_key)
    # 初始化BucketManager
    bucket = BucketManager(q)
    # 删除bucket_name 中的文件 key
    ret, info = bucket.delete(bucket_name, key)
    print(info)
    assert ret == {}
    return info

# 获取上传文件
def GetImage(phone_name):
    # 初始化Auth状态
    q = Auth(access_key, secret_key)
    # 初始化BucketManager
    bucket = BucketManager(q)
    #获取文件的状态信息
    ret, info = bucket.stat(bucket_name, phone_name)
    print(info)
    assert 'hash' in ret


# 私有空间下载
def download(bucket_domain,phone_name):
    # 初始化Auth状态
    q = Auth(access_key, secret_key)
    # 初始化BucketManager
    bucket = BucketManager(q)
    # 有两种方式构造base_url的形式
    base_url = 'http://%s/%s' % (bucket_domain, phone_name)
    # 或者直接输入url的方式下载
    base_url = 'http://domain/key'
    # 可以设置token过期时间
    private_url = q.private_download_url(base_url, expires=3600)
    print(private_url)
    r = requests.get(private_url)
    assert r.status_code == 200

# 获取随机颜色
def get_random_color(length):
    return (random.randint(0,255),random.ranint(0,255),random.randint(0,255))
# 生成图片
def generate_image(length):
    s = 'abcdefghigklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIGKLMNOPQRTSUVWXYZ1234567890'
    size = (130,50)
    # 创建画布
    im = Image.new('RGB',size,color=get_random_color())
    # 创建字体
    ImageFont.truetype('font/segoerp.ttf',size=35)
    # 创建ImageDraw对象
    draw = ImageDraw.Draw(im)
    code = ''
    # 绘制验证码
    for i in random(length):
        c = random.choice(s)
        code += c
        # draw.text(坐标位置，绘制谁，用什么颜色，字体)
        draw.text((5+ random.randint(4,7) + 25 * i, random.randint(1,4)),
                  text=c,fill=get_random_color(),
                  font=font)
        # 绘制干扰线
        for i in range(8):
            x1 = random.randomint(0,130)
            y1 = random.randomint(0,50/2)
            x2 = random.randomint(0, 130)
            y2 = random.randomint(50/2, 130)
            draw.line(((x1,y1),(x2,y2)),fill=get_random_color())
    im = im.filter(ImageFilter.EDGE_ENHANCE)
    return im, code
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部分html视图代码，其余html文件可根据自身要求编写

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}用户注册{% endblock %}
{% block styles %}
    {{ super() }}
    <style>
        #container{
            width: 1000px ;
            height: 600px;
            margin: 20px auto;
            padding-top: 20px;
        }
    style>
{% endblock %}

{% block newcontent %}
    <div id="container">
        <h1 class="col-sm-offset-4 col-sm-10">用户注册h1>
        <p class="col-sm-offset-4 col-sm-10" style="color:red">{{ msg }}p>
        <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="{{ url_for('users.register') }}">
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="inputUsername" class="col-md-2 control-label">用户名label>
                <div class="col-md-6">
                    <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputUsername" name='username' placeholder="username">
                div>
            div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="inputPassword" class="col-md-2 control-label">密码label>
                <div class="col-md-6">
                    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" name="password" placeholder="password">
                div>
            div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="inputConfirm" class="col-md-2 control-label">确认密码label>
                <div class="col-md-6">
                    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputConfirm" name="repassword" placeholder="confirm password">
                div>
            div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="inputPhone" class="col-md-2 control-label">手机号码label>
                <div class="col-md-6">
                    <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPhone" name="phone" placeholder="phone number"><span id="">span>
                div>
            div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <label for="inputEmail" class="col-md-2 control-label">邮箱label>
                <div class="col-md-6">
                    <input type="email" class="form-control" id="inputEmail" name="email" placeholder="Email">
                div>
            div>
            <div class="form-group">
                <div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-12">
                    <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-sm-3" >注    册button>
                div>
            div>
        form>
    div>
{% endblock %}

{# 添加js脚本 #}
{% block scripts %}
    {{ super() }}
    <script>
        $('#inputPhone').blur(function(){
            let phone = $(this).val();
            let span_ele = $(this).next('span');
            if(phone.length==11){
                span_ele.text('');
                $.get('{{ url_for('users.check_phone') }}',{phone:phone},function(data){
                    console.log(data);
                    if(data.code!=200){
                        span_ele.css({'color':'#ff0011','font-size':'12px'});
                        span_ele.text('data.msg');
                }
            })
            } else{
                span_ele.css({'color':'#ff0011','font-size':'12px'});
                span_ele.text('手机格式错误');
            }

        })
    script>
{% endblock %}
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{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}用户登录{% endblock %}
{% block styles %}
    {{ super() }}
    <style>
        #container{
            width: 1000px ;
            height: 600px;
            margin: 0px auto;
            padding-top: 30px;
        }
        #container h1 {
            text-align: center;
            margin-bottom: 50px;
        }
        #container form {
            margin: 0 auto;
        }
        #tab{
            font-size: 20px;
            text-align: left;
            padding-left: 170px;
            margin-bottom: 50px;
        }
        #tab span{
            display: inline-block;
            width: 120px;
            text-align: center;
            cursor: default;
            color: #f3f3f3;
        }
        #tips{
            color: red;
            font-size: 10px;
        }
        #btnCheck{
            width: 140px;
        }
    style>
{% endblock %}
{% block newcontent %}
    <div id="container">
        <h1 class="col-sm-offset-4 col-sm-10">用户登录h1>
        <div id="tab">
            <span>用户名/密码span> | <span>手机验证码span>
            <p id="tips">{{ msg }}p>
        div>
        <div class="logintab">
            <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="{{ url_for('users.login') }}?f=1">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="inputUsername" class="col-md-2 col-sm-offset-1 control-label">用户名label>
                    <div class="col-md-6">
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputUsername" name='username' placeholder="username">
                    div>
                div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <label for="inputPassword" class="col-md-2 col-sm-offset-1 control-label">密码label>
                    <div class="col-md-6">
                        <input type="password" class="form-control" id="inputPassword" name="password" placeholder="password">
                    div>
                div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <div class="col-sm-offset-3 col-sm-10">
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-sm-3" >登    录button>
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-sm-3" >重    置button>
                    div>
                div>
            form>
        div>
        <div class="logintab">
            <form class="form-horizontal" method="post" action="{{ url_for('users.login') }}?f=2">
                <div class="form-group">
                    <div class="col-md-6 col-md-offset-2">
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputPhone" name='phone' placeholder="输入手机号">
                    div>
                div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <div class="col-md-4 col-md-offset-2">
                        <input type="text" class="form-control" id="inputCode" name="code" placeholder="输入验证码">
                    div>
                    <div class="col-md-2">
                        <input type="button" id="btnCheck" class="btn btn-info" value="发送验证码">
                    div>
                div>
                <div class="form-group">
                    <div class="col-md-offset-2 col-md-10">
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-sm-3" >登    录button>
                        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary col-sm-3" >重    置button>
                div>
                div>
            form>
        div>

    div>
{% endblock %}
{# 添加js脚本 #}
{% block scripts %}
    {{ super() }}
    <script>
        $(function(){
            // 显示 | 隐藏 登录方式
            $(".logintab").hide();
            $(".logintab").first().show();
            $("#tab span").each(function(i){
                $(this).click(function(){
                    $(".logintab").hide();
                    $(".logintab").eq(i).show();
                })
            });
            // 发送验证码
            $('#btnCheck').click(function(){
                let phone = $('#inputPhone').val();
                let span_obj = $('#inputPhone').next('span');
                if(phone && phone.length==11){
                    alert(phone)
                    // 发送ajax
                    $.get('{{ url_for('users.send_message') }}',{phone:phone},function(data){
                        if(data.code==200){
                            alert('短信发送成功，请注意查收！');
                        }else{
                            alert(data.msg);
                        }
                    });
                }else{
                    span_obj.css({'color':'red','font-size':'12px'});
                    span_obj.text('必须输入11为手机号码')
                }
            });

        })
    script>
{% endblock %}
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index.html

{% extends "base.html" %}
{% block title %}博客首页{% endblock %}
{% block styles %}
    {{ super() }}
    <style>
        #container{
            width: 1200px ;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }
        .article{
          width: 90%;
          margin: 20px auto;
          padding: 5px 10px;
          background-color: rgba(131,202,227,0.7);
          border-bottom: 1px solid Linen;
        }

        .article p {
            font-size: 14px;
            rgba(75,75,74,1.00);
        }

        .article h4 a {
            color: rgba(80,80,79,1.00);
        }

        .article h4 a:hover {
            color: black;
        }

        .article div span {
            margin-left: 20px;
        }
        .article div{
            margin-bottom: 18px;
        }
    </style>
{% endblock %}

{% block newcontent %}
    <div id="container">
        {% for article in pagination.items %}
            <div class="article">
                <h4><a href="{{ url_for('articles.articles_detail')}}?aid={{ article.id }}">{{ article.title }}</a></h4>
                <p>
                    <span>作者：{{ article.user.username }}</span>
                    <br>
                    <br>
                    <div>{{ article.content | safe }}</div>
                </p>
                <div>
                    <span style="margin-left:0">发布时间：{{ article.pdatetime }}</span>
                    <span>收藏：{{ article.save_num }}</span>
                </div>
            </div>
        {% endfor %}
<!--
        <div class="article"></div>
        <div class="article"></div>
        <div class="article"></div>
        <div class="article"></div>
        <div class="article"></div>
        -->
        <nav aria-label="Page navigation" class="col-md-offset-5">
            <ul class="pagination">
                <li {% if not pagination.has_prev %} class="disabled" {% endif %}>
                    <a {% if pagination.has_prev %} href="{{ url_for('users.index') }}?page={{ pagination.prev_num }} " {% endif %} aria-label="Previous">
                        <span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span>
                    </a>
                </li>

                <!--
                <li {% if not pagination.has_prev %} class="disabled" {% endif %}>
                    <a href="{{ url_for('users.index') }}?page={{ pagination.prev_num }} " aria-label="Previous">
                        <span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span>
                    </a>
                </li>
                -->
                {% for page_num in range(1,pagination.pages + 1) %}
                    <li {% if pagination.page== page_num %} class="active" {% endif %}><a href="{{url_for('users.index') }}?page={{ page_num }}">{{ page_num }}</a> </li>
                {% endfor %}
            <!--    <li class="active"><a href="{{ url_for('users.index') }}?page=1">1 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="{{ url_for('users.index') }}?page=3">3 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>
                <li><a href="{{ url_for('users.index') }}?page=4">4 <span class="sr-only">(current)</span></a></li>   -->

                <li {% if not pagination.has_next %} class="disabled" {% endif %}>
                    <a {% if pagination.has_next %} href="{{ url_for('users.index') }}?page={{ pagination.next_num }}" {% endif %} aria-label="next">
                        <span aria-hidden="true">&laquo;</span>
                    </a>
                </li>
            </ul>
        </nav>
    </div>
{% endblock %}

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board.html

{% extends 'base.html' %}
{% block title %}
    文章详情
{% endblock %}
{% block styles %}
    {{ super() }}
<style xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/html">
        #container{
            width: 1200px;
            margin: 0 auto;
        }
        #detail p{
            background-color: rgba(232,243,242,0.6);
            border-radius: 10px;
            margin-top: 20px;
            margin-bottom: 20px;
            padding: 20px 50px;
        }
        #detail h2{
            text-align: center;
        }
    style>
{% endblock %}
{% block newcontent %}
    <div id="container">
        <div id="detail">
            <div id="comment">
                <div>
                    <form action="{{ url_for('users.show_board') }}" method="post">
                        <p>
                            用户留言：
                            <br>
                            <br>
                            <textarea name="board" placeholder="写下你的想说的，开始我们的对话" class="form-control" style="..." rows="5" cols="10">textarea>
                            <br>
                            <input type="submit" value="发表留言" class="btn btn-info">
                        p>
                    form>

                div>


                p>
                <div id="comment_item">
                    {% if boardes %}
                        {% for board in boardes.item %}
                            <div class="item">
                                <div id="item_left">
                                    <img src="{% if board.user.icon %}{{ url_for('static',filename=board.user.icon) }} {% else %}{{ url_for('static',filename='images/touxiang.jpg') }}{% endif %}" alt="">
                                div>
                                <div id="item_right">
                                    <p>
                                        <span>
                                            {% if not board.user_id %}
                                                匿名用户
                                            {% else %}
                                                {{ board.user.username }}
                                            {% endif %}
                                        span>
                                        <span>{{ board.mdatetime }}span>
                                    p>
                                    <p>{{ border.comment }}p>
                                div>
                            div>
                        {% endfor %}
                    {% else %}
                        还没有任何的留言，赶快发表吧！
                    {% endif %}


                div>
                <div id="paginate">
                    <nav aria-label="...">
                        <ul class="pager">
                            <li class="previous {% if not boardes.has_prev %}disabled{% endif %}">
                                <a {% if boardes.has_prev %} href="{{ url_for('users.show_board') }}?page={{ boardes.prev_num }}" {% endif %}><span aria-hidden="true">←span> 上一页a>li>

                            <li class="next {% if not boardes.has_next %}disabled{% endif %}">
                                <a {% if boardes.has_next %} href="{{ url_for('users.show_board') }}?page={{ boardes.next_num }}" {% endif %}>下一页 <span aria-hidden="true">→span>a>li>
                        ul>
                    nav>
                div>
            div>
        div>
    div>
{% endblock %}

{% block script %}
    {{ super() }}
    <script>
        $(function(){
            //文本域
            $('textarea[name="comment"]').focus(function(){
                $(this).val("")
            })
        })
    script>
{% endblock %}

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base.html

{% extends "bootstrap/base.html" %}
{% block title %}首页{% endblock %}
{% block styles %}
    {{ super() }}
    <style>
        body{
            background-image: url("{{ url_for('static',filename='images/bg.jpg') }}");
            background-size: contain|cover;
            width: 100%;
            height: 100%;
        }
        body background-image{

        }
        #myfoot{
            border-top: 1px solid Black;
            font-size: 14px;
            text-align: center;
            color: Black;
        }
        .navbar{
        }
        .container {
            padding-right: 15px;
            padding-left: 15px;
            margin-right: auto;
            margin-left: auto;
        }
        .footer {
            padding: 30px 0;
            border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5;
            margin-top: 70px;
        }
    style>
{% endblock %}

{% block navbar %}
    <nav class="navbar navbar-default ">
  <div class="container-fluid">
    
    <div class="navbar-header">
      <a class="navbar-brand" href="{{ url_for('users.index') }}">个人博客a>
    div>

    
    <div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="bs-example-navbar-collapse-1">
      <ul class="nav navbar-nav">
          
        <li><a href="{{ url_for('users.show_about')}}">关于我a>li>
        <li class="dropdown">
          <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">文章类型 <span class="caret">span>a>
          <ul class="dropdown-menu">
              {% for type in types %}
                {% if not loop.last %}
                    <li><a href="{{ url_for('articles.type_search') }}?tid={{type.id}}">{{ type.type_name }}a>li>
                    <li role="separator" class="divider">li>
                {% else %}
                    <li><a href="{{ url_for('articles.type_search') }}?tid={{type.id}}">{{ type.type_name }}a>li>
                {% endif %}
              {% endfor %}
          ul>
        li>
        <li><a href="{{ url_for('users.myphoto') }}">我的相册a>li>
        <li><a href="{{ url_for('users.show_board') }}">留言板a>li>
      ul>
      <form class="navbar-form navbar-left">
        <div class="form-group">
          <input type="text" class="form-control" placeholder="搜索">
        div>
        <button type="submit" class="btn btn-default">Submitbutton>
      form>
      <ul class="nav navbar-nav navbar-right">
          {% if user %}
            <li><img
                src="{% if user.icon %} {{ url_for('static',filename=user.icon) }} {% else %} {{ url_for('static',filename='images/touxiang.png') }}{% endif %}"
                alt="" style="border-radius:15px;margin-top: 8px;width: 30px;height: 30px">li>
            <li class="dropdown">
                <a href="#" class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">欢迎！{{ user.username }} <span class="caret">span>a>
                <ul class="dropdown-menu">
                    <li><a href="{{ url_for('users.center') }}">用户中心a>li>
                    <li><a href="{{ url_for('users.logout') }}">退出a>li>
                ul>
            li>
          {% else %}
            <li><a href="{{url_for('users.login')}}">登录a>li>
            <li><a href="{{url_for('users.register')}}">注册a>li>
          {% endif %}
      ul>
    div>
  div>
nav>
{% endblock %}

{% block content %}
    {% block newcontent %}
        <h1>Hello,Bootstraph1>
    {% endblock %}

    {% block footer %}
    <div class="container">
      <div class="col-md-6 col-sm-offset-2  col-lg-6">
        <div class="row about">
          <div class="col-sm-3">
            <h4>关于h4>
            <ul class="list-unstyled">
              <li><a href="/about/">关于我们a>li>
              <li><a href="/ad/">广告合作a>li>
              <li><a href="/links/">友情链接a>li>
              <li><a href="/hr/">招聘a>li>
            ul>
          div>
          <div class="col-sm-3">
            <h4>联系方式h4>
            <ul class="list-unstyled">
              <li><a href="https://weibo.com/bootcss" title="Bootstrap中文网官方微博" target="_blank">新浪微博a>li>
              <li><a href="mailto:admin@bootcss.com">电子邮件a>li>
            ul>
          div>
          <div class="col-sm-3">
            <h4>旗下网站h4>
            <ul class="list-unstyled">
              <li><a href="https://www.bootcdn.cn/" target="_blank">BootCDNa>li>
              <li><a href="https://pkg.phpcomposer.com/" target="_blank">Packagist中国镜像a>li>
            ul>
          div>
          <div class="col-sm-3">
            <h4>特别致谢h4>
            <ul class="list-unstyled">
              <li><a href="https://www.maoyun.com/" target="_blank">猫云a>li>

            ul>
          div>
        div>

      div>
    div>
    <hr>
    <div class="row footer-bottom">
      <ul class="list-inline text-center">
        <li><a href="https://beian.miit.gov.cn/" target="_blank">京ICP备11008151号-6a>li><li>京公网安备11010802014853li>
      ul>
    div>
  div>
    {% endblock %}
{% endblock %}
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settings.py

import os


class Config:
    DEBUG = True
    SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI = 'mysql://root:123456@127.0.0.1:3306/flaskblog'
    SQLALCHEMY_TRACK_MODIFICATIONS = True
    SQLALCHEMY_ECHO = True
    # secret_key加密码
    SECRET_KEY = 'JIAMIMA'

    RECAPTCHA_PUBLIC_KEY = "********"
    RECAPTCHA_PRIVATE_KEY = "***********"
    RECAPTCHA_PARAMETERS = {'hl':'zh','render':'explicit'}
    RECAPTCHA_DATA_ATTRS = {'theme':'dark'}

    # 项目路径
    BASE_DIR = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
    # 静态文件夹的路径
    STATIC_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'static')
    TEMPLATE_DIR = os.path.join(BASE_DIR,'templates')
    # 头像的上传目录
    UPLOAD_ICON_DIR = os.path.join(STATIC_DIR,'upload/icon')
    # 相册的上传目录
    UPLOAD_PHONE_DIR = os.path.join(STATIC_DIR,'upload/phone')


class DevelopmentConfig(Config):
    ENV = 'development'
    DEBUG = True

class ProductionConfig(Config):
    ENV = 'production'
    DEBUG = True
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app.py

from flask_migrate import Migrate, MigrateCommand
from flask_script import Manager
from flask_wtf import CSRFProtect

from apps.user.models import *
from apps.article.models import *
from apps.goods.models import *

from apps import create_app
from exts import db

app = create_app()
manager = Manager(app = app)

migrate = Migrate(app = app, db = db)
manager.add_command('db',MigrateCommand)

# csrf = CSRFProtect(app=app)


@manager.command
def init():
    print('初始化')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    manager.run()
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apps下的init.py

from flask import Flask

import settings
from apps.article.view import article_bp
from apps.article.views import articles_bp
from apps.goods.view import goods_bp
from apps.user.view import user_bp
from apps.user.views import users_bp
from exts import db, bootstrap, cache

config = {
    'CACH_TYPE': 'REDIS',
    'CACHE_REDIS_HOST': '127.0.0.1',
    'CACHE_REDIS_PORT': 6379
    # 'CACHE_REDIS_PASSWORD':'',
    # 'CACHE_REDIS_DB':''
}


def create_app():
    app = Flask(__name__,template_folder='../templates',static_folder='../static')
    app.config.from_object(settings.DevelopmentConfig)
    # 初始化db
    db.init_app(app)
    bootstrap.init_app(app)
    cache.init_app(app = app,config = config)
    # app.register_blueprint(user_bp)
    app.register_blueprint(users_bp)
    app.register_blueprint(article_bp)
    app.register_blueprint(articles_bp)
    app.register_blueprint(goods_bp)

    return app


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运行结果：

在这里插入图片描述

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原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42724501/article/details/126350684