MATLAB | 一行代码实现截断坐标轴

说是一行代码截断，实际上是你们可以用一行代码简单调用工具函数进行截断，但这个工具函数实际上有接近两百行hiahiahia，制作不易求个赞。

0 封面效果

注：以下绘图是做出添加次刻度线，轴线加粗等一系列修饰后的效果，故与后文不同，若想达到下图效果，请查看第五部分内容。

1 单轴截断

使用方法非常简单，以下举个例子,需要注意的是截断范围一定被包括在轴范围内：

x=0:.05:60;
y=4.*cos(x)./(x+2);
 
plot(x,y,'LineWidth',2)
box on
grid on

truncAxis('X',[15,45])
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若想减小空白区域请在截断前定义axes位置：

x=0:.05:60;
y=4.*cos(x)./(x+2);
 
plot(x,y,'LineWidth',2)
box on
grid on

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);

truncAxis('X',[15,45])
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开关box框及grid网格会有不同绘制效果：

截断y轴：

truncAxis('Y',[0,0.5])
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另，利用一些特性可以从左到右，从下到上多次截断轴，但不推荐：

truncAxis('X',[15,45])
truncAxis('X',[50,55])
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---

2 双轴截断

要截断需要同时截断，以下给出一个例子：

X=linspace(0,2*pi,100);
Y=exp(0.3*X).*sin(3*X);
scatter(X,Y,'LineWidth',1);

box off
grid off

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);

truncAxis('X',[3,4],'Y',[0,1])
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---

3 其他示例

再截断个柱状图(截断处的实线是柱状图自带的0基线删不掉)：

y=[120 91 105 143.5 131 150 179 203 226 249 281.5,800,820,800];
bar(y)
box off

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);

truncAxis('Y',[300,700])
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---

4 添加图例

就照常使用legend函数即可，图例默认生成在右上角：

X=linspace(0,2*pi,100);
Y=exp(0.3*X).*sin(3*X);
scatter(X,Y,'LineWidth',1);

box off
grid off

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);

truncAxis('X',[3,4],'Y',[0,1])

legend
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y=[120 91 105 143.5 131 150 179 203 226 249 281.5,800,820,800];
bar(y)
box off

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);

truncAxis('Y',[300,700])

legend
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---

5 与prettyAxes联动

y=[120 91 105 143.5 131 150 179 203 226 249 281.5,800,820,800];
bar(y)
box off

set(gca,'Position',[0.06,0.06,.92,.92]);
prettyAxes().gbase()

truncAxis('Y',[300,700])

legend
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prettyAxes：
函数获取(点击图片跳转链接)：

---

工具函数完整代码

function truncAxis(varargin)

% 获取参数
if isa(varargin{1},'matlab.graphics.axis.Axes')
    ax=varargin{1};varargin(1)=[];
else
    ax=gca;
end
hold(ax,'on');
% box(ax,'off')
ax.XAxisLocation='bottom';
ax.YAxisLocation='left';

axisPos=ax.Position;
axisXLim=ax.XLim;
axisYLim=ax.YLim;

axisXScale=diff(axisXLim);
axisYScale=diff(axisYLim);


truncRatio=1/20;
Xtrunc=[];Ytrunc=[];
for i=1:length(varargin)-1
    switch true
        case strcmpi('X',varargin{i}),Xtrunc=varargin{i+1};
        case strcmpi('Y',varargin{i}),Ytrunc=varargin{i+1};
    end
end


switch true
    case isempty(Xtrunc)
        % 复制坐标区域
        ax2=copyAxes(ax);
        % 修改轴基础属性
        ax2.XTickLabels=[];
        ax2.XColor='none';
        % 修改坐标区域范围
        ax.YLim=[axisYLim(1),Ytrunc(1)];
        ax2.YLim=[Ytrunc(2),axisYLim(2)];
        % 坐标区域重定位
        ax.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(Ytrunc(1)-axisYLim(1));
        ax2.Position(2)=axisPos(2)+ax.Position(4)+axisPos(4)*truncRatio;
        ax2.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(axisYLim(2)-Ytrunc(2));
        % 链接轴范围变动
        linkaxes([ax,ax2],'X')
        % 添加线和标识符
        if strcmp(ax.Box,'on')
        ax.Box='off';ax2.Box='off';
        annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)),[ax.Position(2),ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)],'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)),'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        else
        annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        end
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)-.2,ax2.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax2.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])
    case isempty(Ytrunc) 
        % 复制坐标区域
        ax2=copyAxes(ax);
        % 修改轴基础属性
        ax2.YTickLabels=[];
        ax2.YColor='none';
        % 修改坐标区域范围
        ax.XLim=[axisXLim(1),Xtrunc(1)];
        ax2.XLim=[Xtrunc(2),axisXLim(2)];
        % 坐标区域重定位
        ax.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(Xtrunc(1)-axisXLim(1));
        ax2.Position(1)=axisPos(1)+ax.Position(3)+axisPos(3)*truncRatio;
        ax2.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(axisXLim(2)-Xtrunc(2));
        % 链接轴范围变动
        linkaxes([ax,ax2],'y')
        % 添加线和标识符
        if strcmp(ax.Box,'on')
        ax.Box='off';ax2.Box='off';
        annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)),'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[ax2.Position(1),ax2.Position(1)+ax2.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)),'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax2.Position(1)+ax2.Position(3)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        else
        annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax2.Position(1)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        end
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax2.Position(1)-.2,ax.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax2.Position(1)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])
    case (~isempty(Ytrunc))&(~isempty(Ytrunc))
        % 复制坐标区域
        ax2=copyAxes(ax);
        ax3=copyAxes(ax);
        ax4=copyAxes(ax);
        % 修改轴基础属性
        ax2.XTickLabels=[];
        ax2.XColor='none';
        ax3.XTickLabels=[];
        ax3.XColor='none';
        ax3.YTickLabels=[];
        ax3.YColor='none';
        ax4.YTickLabels=[];
        ax4.YColor='none';
        % 修改坐标区域范围
        ax.YLim=[axisYLim(1),Ytrunc(1)];
        ax.XLim=[axisXLim(1),Xtrunc(1)];
        ax2.XLim=[axisXLim(1),Xtrunc(1)];
        ax2.YLim=[Ytrunc(2),axisYLim(2)];
        ax3.XLim=[Xtrunc(2),axisXLim(2)];
        ax3.YLim=[Ytrunc(2),axisYLim(2)];
        ax4.XLim=[Xtrunc(2),axisXLim(2)];
        ax4.YLim=[axisYLim(1),Ytrunc(1)];
        % 坐标区域重定位
        ax.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(Xtrunc(1)-axisXLim(1));
        ax.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(Ytrunc(1)-axisYLim(1));
        ax2.Position(2)=axisPos(2)+ax.Position(4)+axisPos(4)*truncRatio;
        ax2.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(Xtrunc(1)-axisXLim(1));
        ax2.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(axisYLim(2)-Ytrunc(2));
        ax3.Position(1)=axisPos(1)+ax.Position(3)+axisPos(3)*truncRatio;
        ax3.Position(2)=axisPos(2)+ax.Position(4)+axisPos(4)*truncRatio;
        ax3.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(axisXLim(2)-Xtrunc(2));
        ax3.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(axisYLim(2)-Ytrunc(2));
        ax4.Position(1)=axisPos(1)+ax.Position(3)+axisPos(3)*truncRatio;
        ax4.Position(3)=axisPos(3)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisXScale-diff(Xtrunc))*(axisXLim(2)-Xtrunc(2));
        ax4.Position(4)=axisPos(4)*(1-truncRatio)/(axisYScale-diff(Ytrunc))*(Ytrunc(1)-axisYLim(1));
        % 链接轴范围变动
        linkaxes([ax3,ax2],'y')
        linkaxes([ax4,ax3],'x')
        linkaxes([ax,ax2],'x')
        linkaxes([ax,ax4],'y')
        % 添加线和标识符
        if strcmp(ax.Box,'on')
        ax.Box='off';ax2.Box='off';ax3.Box='off';ax4.Box='off';
        annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)),'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[ax3.Position(1),ax3.Position(1)+ax3.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)),'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)),[ax3.Position(2),ax3.Position(2)+ax3.Position(4)],'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)),[ax4.Position(2),ax4.Position(2)+ax4.Position(4)],'LineStyle','-','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        else
        annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax3.Position(1)),[ax2.Position(2),ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)),[ax.Position(2),ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[1,1].*(ax3.Position(1)),[ax.Position(2),ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)],'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[ax.Position(1),ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[ax4.Position(1),ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        annotation('line',[ax4.Position(1),ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)],[1,1].*(ax2.Position(2)),'LineStyle',':','LineWidth',ax.LineWidth,'Color',ax.XColor);
        end
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)-.2,ax2.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)-.2,ax.Position(2)+ax.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax4.Position(1)+ax4.Position(3)-.2,ax2.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax.Position(1)+ax.Position(3)-.2,ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax4.Position(1)-.2,ax.Position(2)-.2,.4,.4])
        createSlash([ax4.Position(1)-.2,ax2.Position(2)+ax2.Position(4)-.2,.4,.4])
        % 修改当前坐标区域，方便legend添加
        set(gcf,'currentAxes',ax3)
end
% 复制原坐标区域全部可复制属性
    function newAX=copyAxes(ax)
        axStruct=get(ax);
        fNames=fieldnames(axStruct);
        newAX=axes('Parent',ax.Parent);

        coeList={'CurrentPoint','XAxis','YAxis','ZAxis','BeingDeleted',...
            'TightInset','NextSeriesIndex','Children','Type','Legend'};
        for n=1:length(coeList)
            coePos=strcmp(fNames,coeList{n});
            fNames(coePos)=[];
        end
        
        for n=1:length(fNames)
            newAX.(fNames{n})=ax.(fNames{n});
        end

        copyobj(ax.Children,newAX)
    end
% 添加截断标识符函数
    function createSlash(pos)
        anno=annotation('textbox');
        anno.String='/';
        anno.LineStyle='none';
        anno.FontSize=15;
        anno.Position=pos;
        anno.FitBoxToText='on';
        anno.VerticalAlignment='middle';
        anno.HorizontalAlignment='center';
    end
end
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