• 【IMX6ULL学习笔记之Linux系统移植03】——Linux系统移植

    第二部分，Linux移植

    Linux 获取

    Linux编译

    1. 新建名为mx6ull_lux_emmc.sh的shell脚本

      #!/bin/sh
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- disclean
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- imx_v7_mfg_defconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- all -j16

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    2. 给予权限

      chmod 777 mx6ull_lux_emmc.sh

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    3. 运行脚本

    编译出错解决

    • 错误提示“ recipe for target ‘arch/arm/boot/compressed/piggy.lzo’failed”

      解决方案：安装lozp库

      sudo apt-get insatll lzop

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    Linux编译文件组成

    • arch文件夹 与架构相关的文件

      • arch/arm/configs中是不同平台的默认配置文件：xxx_defconfig,也就是编译脚本中的imx_v7_defconfig

      • arch/arm/boot/dts中是对应平台的设备树文件

      • arch/arm/boot文件夹中会保存编译生成的镜像文件zImage

    • block文件夹中是块设备目录

    • .config文件中保存着Linux最终的配置信息，根据此配置信息来编译对应的模块

    分析Linux设置（屏蔽代码）

    {
    "search.exclude": {
        "**/node_modules": true,
        "**/bower_components": true,

        "**/*.o":true,
        "**/*.su":true,
        "**/*.cmd" :true,
        "Documentation":true,

        /*屏蔽不用的架构相关的文件*/
        "arch/ alpha":true,
        "arch/arc":true,
        "arch/arm64":true,
        "arch/avr32":true,
        "arch/[b-z]*":true,
        "arch/arm/plat*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-[a-h]*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-[n-z]*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-i[n-z]*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-m[e-v]*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-k*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-1*":true,

        /*屏蔽排除不用的配置文件*/
        "arch/arm/configs/[a-h]*":true,
        "arch/arm/configs/[j-z]*":true,
        "arch/arm/configs/imo*":true,
        "arch/arm/configs/in*":true,
        "arch/arm/configs/io*":true,
        "arch/arm/configs/ix*":true,

        /*屏蔽掉不用的DTB文件*/
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/[a-h]*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/[k-z]*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/in*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx1大": true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx7*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx2*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx3*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx5*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6d*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6q*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6s*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul-*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6u11-9x9*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ull-14x14-ddr*":true,
    },
    "files.exclude": {
        "**/.git": true,
        "**/.svn": true,
        "**/.hg": true,
        "**/CVS": true,
        "**/.DS_Store": true,

        "**/*.o":true,
        "**/*.su":true,
        "**/*.cmd" :true,
        "Documentation":true,

        /*屏蔽不用的架构相关的文件*/
        "arch/ alpha":true,
        "arch/arc":true,
        "arch/arm64":true,
        "arch/avr32":true,
        "arch/[b-z]*":true,
        "arch/arm/plat*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-[a-h]*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-[n-z]*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-i[n-z]*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-m[e-v]*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-k*":true,
        "arch/arm/mach-1*":true,

        /*屏蔽排除不用的配置文件*/
        "arch/arm/configs/[a-h]*":true,
        "arch/arm/configs/[j-z]*":true,
        "arch/arm/configs/imo*":true,
        "arch/arm/configs/in*":true,
        "arch/arm/configs/io*":true,
        "arch/arm/configs/ix*":true,

        /*屏蔽掉不用的DTB文件*/
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/[a-h]*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/[k-z]*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/in*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx1大": true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx7*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx2*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx3*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx5*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6d*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6q*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6s*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ul-*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6u11-9x9*":true,
        "arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ull-14x14-ddr*":true,
    }
}

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    移植Linux

    1. 编译完成之后，首先修改顶层Makefile中的ARCH 和 CROSS_COMPILE

    2. 将编译生成的镜像文件zImage和生成的设备树文件imx6ull-14x14-evk.dtb文件放入TFTP文件夹中，在uboot中将其下载到开发板中

      cp arch/arm/boot/zImage /home/zuozhongkai/linux/tftpboot/ -f
cp arch/arm/boot/dts/imx6ull-14x14-evk.dtb /home/zuozhongkai/linux/tftpboot/ -f

tftp 80800000 zImage
tftp 83000000 imx6ull-14x14-evk.dtb
bootz 80800000 – 83000000

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    3. 会提示根文件系统未指定导致内核崩溃

    添加自己的开发板

    1. 拷贝arch/arm/configs中的imx_v7_mfg_defconfig为imx_lux_emmc_defconfig

      • 不要拷贝imx_v7_mfg_defconfig，拷贝这个后续更改主频时钟频率会发现主频为792000KHz
      • 拷贝imx_v7_defconfig这个

    2. 拷贝arch/arm/boot/dts/中的imx6ull-14x14-evk.dts为imx6ull-lux-emmc.dts

    3. 在arch/arm/boot/dts中找到Makefile文件，在其中找到dtb-$(CONFIG_SOC_IMX6ULL),在其中添加imx6ull-lux-emmc.dtb,这样在进行编译的时候就会将imx6ull-lux-emmc.dts文件编译成imx6ull-lux-emmc.dtb 文件

    4. 重写编译脚本，因为要用自己复制为编译文档编译

      #!/bin/sh
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- disclean
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- imx_lux_emmc_defconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- all -j16

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    5. 重新启动内核，用新编译的镜像文件和设备树文件

    Linux移植适配

    LCD驱动修改

    在设备树中找到lcdif结点

    &lcdif {
    pinctrl-names = "default";
    pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_lcdif_dat
             &pinctrl_lcdif_ctrl>;
    display = <&display0>;
    status = "okay";

    display0: display {
        bits-per-pixel = <24>;
        bus-width = <24>;

        display-timings {
            native-mode = <&timing0>;
            timing0: timing0 {
            clock-frequency = <31000000>;
            hactive = <800>;
            vactive = <480>;

            hfront-porch = <40>;
            hback-porch = <88>;
            hsync-len = <48>;

            vback-porch = <32>;
            vfront-porch = <13>;
            vsync-len = <3>;

            hsync-active = <0>;
            vsync-active = <0>;
            de-active = <1>;
            pixelclk-active = <0>;
            };
        };
    };
};

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    主频修改

    1. 主频不修改，则主频为198000

    2. 使能8线EMMC

      • 修改设备树代码

        &usdhc2 {
    pinctrl-names = "default","state_100mhz","state_200mhz";
    pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_usdhc2_8bit>;
    pinctrl-1 = <&pinctrl_usdhc2_8bit_100mhz>;
    pinctrl-2 = <&pinctrl_usdhc2_8bit_200mhz>;
    bus-width = <8>;
    non-removable;
    status = "okay";
};

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      • 重新编译设备树，重启

    修改网络驱动

    1. 修改复位引脚驱动

      • 复位引脚用的是SNVS_TAMPER7 和SNVS_TAMPER8，所以要将用到这两个引脚的地方删除掉
      • 在设备树文件下找到用到这两个引脚的地方，屏蔽掉（删掉）
      • spi4grp
      • spi4
      • 配置SNVS_TAMPER7和SNVS_TAMPER8作为网络复位引脚
        • enet1grp
        • MX6UL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER7__GPIO5_IO07 0x10B0
        • enet2grp
        • MX6UL_PAD_SNVS_TAMPER8__GPIO5_IO08 0x10B0

    2. 修改PHY地址

      • 操作复位引脚，低电平有效，持续26ms

      • smsc,disable-energy-detect”表明 PHY 芯片是 SMSC 公司的，这样 Linux 内核就会找到 SMSC 公司的 PHY 芯片驱动来驱动 LAN8720A

      • ENET1 的 PHY 地址为 0，所以“@”后面是 0(默认为 2)

      • reg 的值也表示 PHY 地址， ENET1 的 PHY 地址为 0，所以 reg=0

        &fec1 {
    pinctrl-names = "default";
    pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_enet1>;
    phy-mode = "rmii";
    phy-handle = <&ethphy0>;
    phy-reset-gpios = <&gpio5 7 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
    phy-reset-duration = <26>;
    status = "okay";
};

&fec2 {
    pinctrl-names = "default";
    pinctrl-0 = <&pinctrl_enet2>;
    phy-mode = "rmii";
    phy-handle = <&ethphy1>;
    phy-reset-gpios = <&gpio5 8 GPIO_ACTIVE_LOW>;
    phy-reset-duration = <26>;
    status = "okay";

    mdio {
        #address-cells = <1>;
        #size-cells = <0>;

        ethphy0: ethernet-phy@0 {
            compatible = "ethernet-phy-ieee802.3-c22";
            smsc,disable-energy-detect;
            reg = <0>;
        };

        ethphy1: ethernet-phy@1 {
            compatible = "ethernet-phy-ieee802.3-c22";
            smsc,disable-energy-detect;
            reg = <1>;
        };
    };
};

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    3. 修改fec_main.c

      • 如果要在 I.MX6ULL 上使用 LAN8720A 就需要设置ENET1 和 ENET2 的 TX_CLK 引脚复位寄存器的 SION 位为 1

      • 找到文件 drivers/net/ethernet/freescale/fec_main.c

            int num_tx_qs;
    int num_rx_qs;

    /*
        设置 MX6UL_PAD_ENET1_TX_CLK 和 MX6UL_PAD_ENET2_TX_CLK
        3453 * 这两个 IO 的复用寄存器的 SION 位为 1。
    */
    void __iomem *IMX6U_ENET1_TX_CLK;
    void __iomem *IMX6U_ENET2_TX_CLK;

    IMX6U_ENET1_TX_CLK = ioremap(0x020E00DC,4);
    writel(0x14,IMX6U_ENET1_TX_CLK);

    IMX6U_ENET2_TX_CLK = ioremap(0x020E00FC,4);
    writel(0x14,IMX6U_ENET2_TX_CLK);

    fec_enet_get_queue_num(pdev, &num_tx_qs, &num_rx_qs);

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    4. 配置Linux内核，使能驱动

      • 使用make menuconfig 使能LAN8720A驱动

      • -> Device Drivers
    -> Network device support
        -> PHY Device support and infrastructure
            -> Drivers for SMSC PHYs

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    5. 修改smsc.c文件

      • 找到文件drivers/net/phy/smsc.c

      • static int smsc_phy_reset(struct phy_device *phydev)
{
    int timeout = 50000;
    int rc = phy_read(phydev, MII_LAN83C185_SPECIAL_MODES);
    if (rc < 0)
        return rc;

    /* If the SMSC PHY is in power down mode, then set it
     * in all capable mode before using it.
     */
    if ((rc & MII_LAN83C185_MODE_MASK) == MII_LAN83C185_MODE_POWERDOWN) 
    {
        /* set "all capable" mode and reset the phy */
        rc |= MII_LAN83C185_MODE_ALL;
        phy_write(phydev, MII_LAN83C185_SPECIAL_MODES, rc);
    }
        phy_write(phydev, MII_BMCR, BMCR_RESET);

        /* wait end of reset (max 500 ms) */

        do {
            udelay(10);
            if (timeout-- == 0)
                return -1;
            rc = phy_read(phydev, MII_BMCR);
        } while (rc & BMCR_RESET);

    return 0;
}

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    6. 网络驱动测试

      • 修改完网络驱动注意保存配置信息，通过图形化配置的信息会保存在.config文件中，当执行make distclean 时，.config 文件会被清除，配置信息也就没了

      • 保存配置信息

        • 配置完成之后，退出，将.config 文件复制成为编译时的配置文件xxx_defconfig
        • 在图形化配置界面在配置完成之后直接保存配置

      • 不执行make distclean 命令，重新编译时只会编译需要编译的文件，已经编译过的文件不会再次编译，节省编译时间

      • 编译测试

      • 打开两个网卡

        ifconfig eth0 up
ifconfig eth1 up

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      • 看到"SMSC LAN8710/LAN8720”字样，说明当前的网络驱动使用的就是我们前面使能的 SMSC 驱动

      • 给网卡配置IP地址

        ifconfig eth0 192.168.31.251
ifconfig eth1 192.168.31.252

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      • pingUbuntu主机

        ping 192.168.31.224

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_43739167/article/details/126312356