• Docker基础命令操作

    Docker基础命令操作

    Docker镜像生命周期

    在这里插入图片描述

    1、镜像操作

    1.1 镜像搜索（默认搜索官方仓库）【镜像名需指定】

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                            DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                           MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12996     [OK]       
mariadb                         MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4981      [OK]       
phpmyadmin                      phpMyAdmin - A web interface for MySQL and M…   596       [OK]       
percona                         Percona Server is a fork of the MySQL relati…   583       [OK]       
bitnami/mysql                   Bitnami MySQL Docker Image                      72                   [OK]
linuxserver/mysql-workbench                                                     41                   
linuxserver/mysql               A Mysql container, brought to you by LinuxSe…   37                   
ubuntu/mysql                    MySQL open source fast, stable, multi-thread…   36                   
circleci/mysql                  MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   26                   
google/mysql                    MySQL server for Google Compute Engine          21                   [OK]
rapidfort/mysql                 RapidFort optimized, hardened image for MySQL   13                   
bitnami/mysqld-exporter                                                         3                    
ibmcom/mysql-s390x              Docker image for mysql-s390x                    2                    
newrelic/mysql-plugin           New Relic Plugin for monitoring MySQL databa…   1                    [OK]
vitess/mysqlctld                vitess/mysqlctld                                1                    [OK]
hashicorp/mysql-portworx-demo                                                   0                    
docksal/mysql                   MySQL service images for Docksal - https://d…   0                    
mirantis/mysql                                                                  0                    
cimg/mysql                                                                      0                    
drud/mysql                                                                      0                    
silintl/mysql-backup-restore    Simple docker image to perform mysql backups…   0                    [OK]
corpusops/mysql                 https://github.com/corpusops/docker-images/     0                    
drud/mysql-local-57             ddev mysql local container                      0                    
drud/mysql-docker-local-57      This repo has been deprecated, new tags are …   0                    
drud/mysql-docker-local         docker containers for local womysql rk          0                    [OK]

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    对应参数
    在这里插入图片描述

    1.2 镜像拉取

    //镜像名末尾什么都不加，默认拉取最新版本
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest
//可以看到末尾写有latest表示最新版本

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    指定版本

    //docker pull mysql:版本
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker pull mysql:8.0.30
8.0.30: Pulling from library/mysql
32c1bf40aba1: Pull complete 
3ac22f3a638d: Pull complete 
b1e7273ed05e: Pull complete 
20be45a0c6ab: Pull complete 
410a229693ff: Pull complete 
1ce71e3a9b88: Pull complete 
c93c823af05b: Pull complete 
c6752c4d09c7: Pull complete 
d7f2cfe3efcb: Pull complete 
916f32cb0394: Pull complete 
0d62a5f9a14f: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:ce2ae3bd3e9f001435c4671cf073d1d5ae55d138b16927268474fc54ba09ed79
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:8.0.30
docker.io/library/mysql:8.0.30
//可以看到末尾写有8.0.30表示版本号

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    1.3 镜像查看

    方式一：

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker image ls
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql        8.0.30    7b94cda7ffc7   6 days ago     446MB
mysql        latest    3218b38490ce   7 months ago   516MB

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    方式二：

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mysql        8.0.30    7b94cda7ffc7   6 days ago     446MB
mysql        latest    3218b38490ce   7 months ago   516MB

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    1.4 镜像删除

    方法一：

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker image rm mysql
Untagged: mysql:latest
Untagged: mysql@sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709
Deleted: sha256:3218b38490cec8d31976a40b92e09d61377359eab878db49f025e5d464367f3b
Deleted: sha256:aa81ca46575069829fe1b3c654d9e8feb43b4373932159fe2cad1ac13524a2f5
Deleted: sha256:0558823b9fbe967ea6d7174999be3cc9250b3423036370dc1a6888168cbd224d
Deleted: sha256:a46013db1d31231a0e1bac7eeda5ad4786dea0b1773927b45f92ea352a6d7ff9
Deleted: sha256:af161a47bb22852e9e3caf39f1dcd590b64bb8fae54315f9c2e7dc35b025e4e3
Deleted: sha256:feff1495e6982a7e91edc59b96ea74fd80e03674d92c7ec8a502b417268822ff
Deleted: sha256:8805862fcb6ef9deb32d4218e9e6377f35fb351a8be7abafdf1da358b2b287ba
Deleted: sha256:872d2f24c4c64a6795e86958fde075a273c35c82815f0a5025cce41edfef50c7
Deleted: sha256:6fdb3143b79e1be7181d32748dd9d4a845056dfe16ee4c827410e0edef5ad3da
Deleted: sha256:b0527c827c82a8f8f37f706fcb86c420819bb7d707a8de7b664b9ca491c96838
Deleted: sha256:75147f61f29796d6528486d8b1f9fb5d122709ea35620f8ffcea0e0ad2ab0cd0
Deleted: sha256:2938c71ddf01643685879bf182b626f0a53b1356138ef73c40496182e84548aa
Deleted: sha256:ad6b69b549193f81b039a1d478bc896f6e460c77c1849a4374ab95f9a3d2cea2

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    方法二：

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rmi mysql:8.0.30
Untagged: mysql:8.0.30
Untagged: mysql@sha256:ce2ae3bd3e9f001435c4671cf073d1d5ae55d138b16927268474fc54ba09ed79
Deleted: sha256:7b94cda7ffc7c59b01668e63f48e0f4ee3d16b427cc0b846193b65db671e9fa2
Deleted: sha256:5941a477484b80a594761cb828f993b574a1ac2cd741300503209752f7790466
Deleted: sha256:dd778772db51bcd70db26f7b9ae996220eb337721328090a409d1ab7919fb887
Deleted: sha256:e94a7bdbca441b8d897023017cf70bdc1ba7bf8233f8da4800bb6e4ed49f14f6
Deleted: sha256:d7d110459a2ceb8a080a2bd7264c66d9cc8699242aa320d1b9cdcde872c050a3
Deleted: sha256:6e4a1a78cee71e12fce86c8610f0c8802144714b4673b7cc6878c5a23b58d134
Deleted: sha256:38dc91f8c75eb2f05ad01169fdbfab02602dc250f2731322692eac67c9b41f71
Deleted: sha256:5aa021ed35bcc6afdb63ce3a80bbe9f8995d168ed138cd83cc33dc7ec9ea6ee1
Deleted: sha256:10a7f83cd06f6add8176d92056feea4efd45165367e5ba6fd5077c79468b6fe4
Deleted: sha256:775289ef4a1150bcf8ccf7947134a092ef6d23fc78ab89f8f9feff7226768f40
Deleted: sha256:a4470052a15f553513f12f02c1e52c811280ef56463a6774dcbd5ffd47a07045
Deleted: sha256:cf4db719a36940c70d724cd9eaa2fccaf1f0174ba863ebb40f428eaf13da76cc

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    查看镜像情况

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker images 
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE
//可以看到两个MySQL镜像均不存在

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    1.5 镜像导出

    方法一：

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker save busybox:latest > docker-busybox-test1.tar.gz

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    方法二：

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker save busybox:latest -o docker-busybox-test2.tar.gz

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    参数解释

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker save --help

Usage:  docker save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]

Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)

Options:
  -o, --output string   Write to a file, instead of STDOUT
  -o 输出字符串

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    查看导出情况

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# ll
total 2872
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1468416 Aug 10 14:12 docker-busybox-test1.tar.gz
-rw------- 1 root root 1468416 Aug 10 14:12 docker-busybox-test2.tar.gz
//可以看到均已存在

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    1.6 镜像导入

    预先删除busybox镜像

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rmi busybox:latest 
Untagged: busybox:latest
Untagged: busybox@sha256:5acba83a746c7608ed544dc1533b87c737a0b0fb730301639a0179f9344b1678
Deleted: sha256:beae173ccac6ad749f76713cf4440fe3d21d1043fe616dfbe30775815d1d0f6a
Deleted: sha256:01fd6df81c8ec7dd24bbbd72342671f41813f992999a3471b9d9cbc44ad88374
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID   CREATED   SIZE

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    本地导入

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker load -i docker-busybox-test1.tar.gz 
01fd6df81c8e: Loading layer  1.459MB/1.459MB
Loaded image: busybox:latest
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
busybox      latest    beae173ccac6   7 months ago   1.24MB

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    异地导入

    //传输过去johnnyg02主机
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# scp docker-busybox-test2.tar.gz 10.0.2.11:~
//查看是否存在
[root@johnnyg02 ~]# ll
total 599784
-rw------- 1 root root   1468416 Aug 10 14:22 docker-busybox-test2.tar.gz

[root@johnnyg02 ~]# docker load -i docker-busybox-test2.tar.gz 
01fd6df81c8e: Loading layer  1.459MB/1.459MB
Loaded image: busybox:latest
[root@johnnyg02 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY                     TAG          IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
busybox                        latest       beae173ccac6   7 months ago    1.24MB

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    参数解释

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker load --help

Usage:  docker load [OPTIONS]

Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN

Options:
  -i, --input string   Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN
  从tar归档文件读取镜像，而不是标准输入流
  -q, --quiet          Suppress the load output
  禁止读入输出

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    1.7 查看镜像详细信息

    方法一：

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker image inspect busybox:latest 
[
    {
        "Id": "sha256:beae173ccac6ad749f76713cf4440fe3d21d1043fe616dfbe30775815d1d0f6a",
        "RepoTags": [
            "busybox:latest"
        ],
        "RepoDigests": [],
        "Parent": "",
        "Comment": "",
        "Created": "2021-12-30T19:19:41.006954958Z",
        "Container": "a0007fa726185ffbcb68e90f8edabedd79a08949f32f4f0bcc6e5fed713a72c8",
        "ContainerConfig": {
            "Hostname": "a0007fa72618",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "#(nop) ",
                "CMD [\"sh\"]"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:da658412c37aa24e561eb7e16c61bc82a9711340d8fb5cf1a8f39d8e96d7f723",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {}
        },
        "DockerVersion": "20.10.7",
        "Author": "",
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "sh"
            ],
            "Image": "sha256:da658412c37aa24e561eb7e16c61bc82a9711340d8fb5cf1a8f39d8e96d7f723",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": null
        },
        "Architecture": "amd64",
        "Os": "linux",
        "Size": 1239820,
        "VirtualSize": 1239820,
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b0d7b835ecde86b17ed707c21ca09d7fa1c4969d1fcfa30174cf779016b5ee14/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b0d7b835ecde86b17ed707c21ca09d7fa1c4969d1fcfa30174cf779016b5ee14/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/b0d7b835ecde86b17ed707c21ca09d7fa1c4969d1fcfa30174cf779016b5ee14/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "RootFS": {
            "Type": "layers",
            "Layers": [
                "sha256:01fd6df81c8ec7dd24bbbd72342671f41813f992999a3471b9d9cbc44ad88374"
            ]
        },
        "Metadata": {
            "LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        }
    }
]

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    方法二：

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker inspect busybox:latest

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    2、容器操作

    2.1 容器创建（不推荐）

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker create 镜像名

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    2.2 容器启动

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker start 容器名

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    2.3 容器停止

    方法一：

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker stop 容器名

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    方法二：

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker kill 容器名

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    2.4 容器创建启动一体式（推荐）

    格式

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run --help

Usage:  docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE [COMMAND] [ARG...]
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run 镜像名
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run 参数 镜像名

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    常用参数解释

    Options:
	-t：打开一个终端，像使用交换机一样使用容器
	-i：交互式访问
	--name：容器名字，不指定会随机设置容器名
	--network：指定网络类型（后面会单独介绍）
	--rm：容器一停，自动删除
	-d：剥离与当前终端的关系；否则会一直占据着终端
	-p：端口映射，将容器内服务的端口映射在宿主机的指定端口
		-p格式：
			-p
			-p :
			-p ::

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    示例

    //拉取nginx镜像作为测试
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a2abf6c4d29d: Pull complete 
a9edb18cadd1: Pull complete 
589b7251471a: Pull complete 
186b1aaa4aa6: Pull complete 
b4df32aa5a72: Pull complete 
a0bcbecc962e: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:0d17b565c37bcbd895e9d92315a05c1c3c9a29f762b011a10c54a66cd53c9b31
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest

[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
busybox      latest    beae173ccac6   7 months ago   1.24MB
nginx        latest    605c77e624dd   7 months ago   141MB

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    测试一（配置后直接进入容器内）

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run -it --name web1 nginx:latest /bin/bash
root@bab7ddfa7f4e:/# ls
bin   dev                  docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc                   lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@bab7ddfa7f4e:/# pwd
/

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    复制新会话并查看容器状态

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
bab7ddfa7f4e   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   59 seconds ago   Up 58 seconds   80/tcp    web1
//可以看到当前容器为Up状态开启状态

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    退出容器

    root@bab7ddfa7f4e:/# exit
exit
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED              STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
bab7ddfa7f4e   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   About a minute ago   Exited (0) 3 seconds ago             web1
//可以看到退出后当前容器为Exited关闭状态

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    测试二（退出容器自动删除容器）

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run -it --rm --name web2 nginx:latest /bin/bash
root@cac6d1bac43c:/# ls
bin   dev                  docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc                   lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@cac6d1bac43c:/# pwd
/

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    复制新会话并查看容器状态

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
cac6d1bac43c   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds                    80/tcp    web2
bab7ddfa7f4e   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             web1
//可以看到两个容器均为Up状态开启状态

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    退出容器

    root@cac6d1bac43c:/# exit
exit
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                          PORTS     NAMES
bab7ddfa7f4e   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   2 minutes ago   Exited (0) About a minute ago             web1
//可以看到退出后web2自动删除已不存在

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    测试三（容器剥离终端挂在后台）

    【注：需要使用可以通过命令docker start 容器名进行容器开启，后面再通过命令docker exec 参数 容器名访问进入终端】

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run -d --name web3 nginx:latest 
6f4f6ae8ea6bbfd4796bc3cfc4711b9edff8f9b85469fbcf27f55227f081a247

[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
6f4f6ae8ea6b   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 seconds ago   Up 4 seconds               80/tcp    web3
bab7ddfa7f4e   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   3 minutes ago   Exited (0) 2 minutes ago             web1

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    测试四（端口映射）

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker run -it --name web4 -p 80:80 nginx:latest /bin/bash
root@9513c393471f:/# ls
bin   dev                  docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc                   lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@9513c393471f:/# pwd
/

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    复制新会话并查看容器状态

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS                               NAMES
9513c393471f   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   37 seconds ago   Up 36 seconds              0.0.0.0:80->80/tcp, :::80->80/tcp   web4
6f4f6ae8ea6b   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   7 minutes ago    Up 7 minutes               80/tcp                              web3
bab7ddfa7f4e   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   10 minutes ago   Exited (0) 9 minutes ago                                       web1
//可以看到web4容器PORTS项中写有端口映射情况

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    查看端口映射

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker port web4
80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:80
80/tcp -> :::80

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    配置nginx服务并进行访问

    root@9513c393471f:/# echo "hello world" > /usr/share/nginx/html/index.html

//开启nginx服务
root@9513c393471f:/# /usr/sbin/nginx
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 8#8: using the "epoll" event method
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 8#8: nginx/1.21.5
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 8#8: built by gcc 10.2.1 20210110 (Debian 10.2.1-6) 
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 8#8: OS: Linux 3.10.0-1160.66.1.el7.x86_64
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 8#8: getrlimit(RLIMIT_NOFILE): 1048576:1048576
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 9#9: start worker processes
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 9#9: start worker process 10
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 9#9: start worker process 11
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 9#9: start worker process 12
2022/08/10 07:31:22 [notice] 9#9: start worker process 13

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    其它主机访问

    [root@johnnyg02 ~]# curl 1.13.249.218:80
hello world

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    2.5 容器详细信息

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker inspect 容器名

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    2.6 容器删除

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rm 容器名

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    如果容器为启动状态（-f 强制删除）【不建议】

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rm -f 容器名

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    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rm web1
web1

[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker rm -f web3
web3

[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS                     PORTS     NAMES
9513c393471f   nginx:latest   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   28 minutes ago   Exited (0) 5 minutes ago             web4

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    2.7 对Up启动状态的容器执行指定命令exec

    格式

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker exec --help

Usage:  docker exec [OPTIONS] CONTAINER COMMAND [ARG...]
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker exec 参数 容器名

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    常用参数解释

    Options:
	-d：在后台运行命令
	-e：设置环境变量
	-i：交互式
	-t：打开一个终端
	-u：用户名或UID

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    示例1（进入终端）

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker exec -it web4 /bin/bash
root@9513c393471f:/# ls
bin   dev                  docker-entrypoint.sh  home  lib64  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
boot  docker-entrypoint.d  etc                   lib   media  opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
root@9513c393471f:/# pwd
/

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    示例2（执行命令并回显）

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker exec web4 hostname
9513c393471f
[root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker exec web4 pwd
/

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    其余参数不演示

    2.8 查看容器内部日志

    [root@johnnyg03 ~]# docker logs web4

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    2.9 一图总结对容器的操作命令

    在这里插入图片描述

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/JohnnyG2000/article/details/126263767