【「收藏」Oracle 数据库安装】

01

安装环境

备注：orcl1是一套oracle RAC 集群中的一台服务器

02

安装前配置

1、IP地址配置

主库：192.168.2.15

备库：192.168.2.180

2、Oracle安装要求

主库：安装oracle 软件，并创建oracle 数据库

备库：仅安装oracle软件

3、安装位置

主库：
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1

备库：
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1

数据库实例规划

主库：

实例名：orcl1数据库名orcl 数据库唯一名：orcl_rac

备库：

实例名：orcl数据库名 orcl 数据库唯一名：orcl_dg

Oracle Dataguard 要求主库和备库的数据库名字一样，即db_name要一样，

使用db_unique_name名字区分

03

安装过程

主库为归档模式
主库：

Select log_mode from v$database;

2、启用强制日志模式（mount 状态下修改）

主库：

SQL>select force_logging from v$database;FORC{E}_{-}-----NOSQL>shutdownimmediate;数据库已经关闭。已经卸载数据库。ORACLE例程已经关闭。SQL>startupmount;ORACLE例程已经启动。TotalSystemGlobalArea1119043584bytesFixedSize2280496bytesVariableSize738198480bytesDatabaseBuffers369098752bytesRedoBuffers9465856bytes数据库装载完毕。SQL>alterdatabaseforcelogging;数据库已更改。SQL>alterdatabaseopen;数据库已更改。SQL>selectforc{e}_{l}oggingfromv$database;
FORCE_------YES
Force_logging 为YES 代表数据库是强制日志模式。

3、配置standby 日志文件

主库：

增加standby 日志组（正常比online 日志多一组）
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 5 ‘+
DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group5_01.log’ size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 6 ‘+
DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group6_01.log’ size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 1 group 7 ‘+
DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group7_01.log’ size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 8 ‘+
DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group8_01.log’ size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 9 ‘+
DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group9_01.log’ size 50M;
alter database add standby logfile thread 2 group 10 ‘+
DATA/orcl/onlinelog/group10_01.log’ size 50M;
–查询standby log 命令
SELECT bytes,GROUP#,THREAD#,SEQUENCE#,ARCHIVED,STATUS FROM V$STANDBY_LOG;
–删除standby 的命令
alter database drop standby logfile group 4;

4、配置监听（主库和备库）

使用netca配置监听。

下图是监听配置后的结果，监听正常。

主库：RAC 不用单独配置监听

备库：配置DG的时候，备份的数据库还无法open,所有要配置静态监听
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora

SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl_dg)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.180)(PORT = 1521))
)
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1521))
)
)
ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1

启动监听：lsnrctl start

5、配置tnsnames文件(主库和备库)

ORCL_PRI 为主库的连接信息，orcl_std为备库的连接信息
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/network/admin/tnsnames.ora

主库：

ORCL_PRI =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.2.15)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl_rac)
)
)
ORCL_STD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.180)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl_dg)
)
)

备库：

ORCL_PRI =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST =192.168.2.15)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl_rac)
)
)
ORCL_STD =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.2.180)(PORT = 1521))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = orcl_dg)
)
)

6、tnsping （主库和备库）

确认主库和备库是否联通

主备库：tnsping ORCL_PRI

tnsping ORCL_STD

7、创建pfile并修改。

主库：

创建pfile ,修改pfile,生成spfile,并以spfile 启动数据库

alter system set DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_rac scope=spfile sid=‘‘;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG=‘DG_CONFIG=(orcl_rac,orcl_dg)’ scope=both sid=’’;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1=‘LOCATION=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_rac’ scope=both sid=‘‘;
alter system set LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2=‘SERVICE=orcl_std ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_dg’ scope=both sid=’’;
#standby
alter system set FAL_SERVER=orcl_std scope=both sid=‘‘;
alter system set fal_client=orcl1 scope=both sid=‘orcl1’;
alter system set fal_client=orcl2 scope=both sid=‘orcl2’;
alter system set DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=’/data/oradata/‘,’+DATA/orcl/datafile/‘,’/data/oradata/‘, ‘+DATA/orcl/tempfile/’ scope=spfile sid=’’;
alter system set LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT=‘/data/oradata/’,‘+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/’ scope=spfile sid=‘‘;
alter system set STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO scope=both sid=’’;

备库：

*.audit_file_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump’
*.audit_trail=‘db’
*.compatible=‘11.2.0.4.0’
*.control_files=‘/data/oradata/control01.ctl’,‘/data/oradata/control02.ctl’
*.db_create_file_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle/oradata’
*.db_name=‘orcl’
*.diagnostic_dest=‘/u01/app/oracle’
*.db_recovery_file_dest=‘/data/oradata/fast_recovery_area’
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=462107443200
*.undo_tablespace=‘UNDOTBS1’
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=200M
*.processes=1500
*.sessions=1655
*.sga_target=420M
*.db_unique_name=‘orcl_dg’
*.log_archive_config=‘DG_CONFIG=(orcl_dg,orcl_rac)’
*.log_archive_dest_1=‘location=USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST valid_for=(all_logfiles,all_roles) db_unique_name=orcl_dg’
*.log_archive_dest_2=‘SERVICE=orcl_pri ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=orcl_pri’
*.log_file_name_convert=‘+DATA/orcl/onlinelog/’,‘/data/oradata/’
*.db_file_name_convert=‘+DATA/orcl/datafile/’,‘/data/oradata/’,‘+DATA/orcl/tempfile/’,‘/data/oradata/’
*.fal_client=‘ORCL_STD’
*.fal_server=‘ORCL1,ORCL2’
*.standby_file_management=‘AUTO’

创建相应的路径：

mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump
mkdir -p /data/oradata/
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /data/oradata/fast_recovery_area

8、配置密码文件

将主库A的密码文件复制到备库和 主库B

scp orapworcl1 192.168.2.180:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/dbhome_1/dbs
mv orapworcl1 orapworcl
scp orapworcl1 192.168.2.14:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/db

9、备库创建spfile ,并启动到nomount

export ORACLE_SID=orcl
Sql> create spfile from pfile=‘/tmp/pfile.txt’;

10、使用RMAN连接主备库，复制数据
主库：使用RMAN 复制主库的控制文件和数据文件到备库

rman target sys/oracle@orcl_pri auxiliary sys/oracle@orcl_std

RMAN> duplicate target database for standby from active database nofilenamecheck dorecover;

11、打开备库，并开始同步数据
备库:

Alter database open read only;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;

end