| 类型 | 习题地址 |
|---|---|
| 引语 | 习题 |
1.直接引语与间接引语
① used to tell people what somebody said or thought 通常告诉人们某人说了什么或者认为什么
~~~~ “I’m happy.” 直接引语
~~~~ Jack said that he was happy. 间接引语同时也是宾语从句，这里的 that 可以省略
~~~~ “I have a problem”
~~~~ Lucy thought (that) she had a problem.
~~~~ “My feet are cold”
~~~~ She told me (that) her feet were cold.2、tell 与 say
say + / tell sb + …
~~~~ She said I was late.
~~~~ She told me I was late.
~~~~ They told Anna the wrong time. tell 才能加双宾动词，这里的 told 不能换位 said.
~~~~ They said nothing to the police.这里只有一个宾语，用 said，不用 told.3、直接引语 转化为 间接宾语
“The children are in England.”
Jack said that his children were in England.
"The computer isn’t working. "
He said that this computer wasn’t working.
“I have a meeting at 4.”
He said that he had a meeting at 4.过去时
"Sue has passed her exam.
Sally told me that Sue had passed her exam.过去的过去，过去完成时
‘I will be late.’
I thought that I would be late.
'You can have ten tickets. ’
The man told me that I could have ten tickets.
‘I doesn’t matter.’
I told him it didn’t matter.过去时
‘I don’t like fish.’
He said that he didn’t like fish.
‘I forgot my keys’
He said that he had forgotten his keys.
注：
一般现在时 变为 一般过去时
现在完成时 变为 过去完成时
一般过去时 变为 过去完成时
一般将来时 变为 过去将来时
现在进行时 变为 过去进行时4.直接引语为特殊疑问句转为间接引语时注意
变化：助动词去掉；动词位置变化；人称；时态
直接引语疑问句 = 普通疑问句
Jack said 'Where is John?"
Jack said where was John? 错的
间接疑问句需要转为陈述句语序
Jack said where John was. 原有的问句需要改为陈述句
I said “When can you come?”
I said when she could come.
‘What do you want?’
She asked me what I wanted. 含有 do 的疑问句转述间接引语的时候将 do 去掉
‘Where does Andrew live?’ does 去掉
I asked him where Andrew lived. 问地点5.一般疑问句转化为间接引语
变化：助动词去掉，动词位置变化；人称；时态；加 if / whether（是否）
Do you know Tim?
He asked me if / whether I knew Time.
Are you Chinese?
She asked me if / whether I was Chinese.
if 和 whether的区别：if 和 whether 在宾语从句中，都表“是否”，可换用，if 更口语化，whether 正式些。当有 or not 时，一般用 whether，而不用 if。
if 和 whether 区别
1、or not 放在 whether 之后时,只能用 whether 不用 if。
2、在强调任意选择时,用 whether–or, 此时不用 if 替换 whether。
3、有歧义时用 whether 不用 if
4.whether 在此情况可以通用。6.Present reporting verbs
I say / think
He says / thinks,这里均是一般现在时的情况
'I come from London.
‘Funny, you have a Scottish accent.’
She says that she comes from London, but I think that she has a Scottish accent.7.Ask questions politely
句型：Do you konow / Can you tell me + 间接引语疑问句（注意语序），其实就是宾语从句
~~~~ Where does she live?
~~~~ Can you tell me where she lives? 礼貌用语
~~~~ Is she at home?
~~~~ Do you know whether she is at home?礼貌用语
回答型：Sorry, I don’t know where she lives.
~~~~ I can’t remember whether she’s married. 说委婉一点也即说啰嗦一点8.关键词替换
Bill : ‘I like it here.’
Ben: 'Bill said he liked it there
‘I’m going fishing this week.’
He siad he was going fishing that week.
'I’m not working today.
He said he was not working that day.
‘What do you want to do now?’
He asked me what you wanted to do then/next.
常用替换：
here - there、now - then、 this - that 、tomorrow - the next day 、yesterday - the day before 、today - that day、 tonight - that night、 last week - the week before 、next week - the next week9.间接引语 + 不定式
ask/tell sb to do
‘Please close the door’
She asked me to close the door.
'Could you phone Eric ’
I asked Lucy to phone Eric.
I always tell you not to worry.
注：只要对于让 sb or 命令 sb 做 sth， 就可以用这个结构10.特殊情况补充一
看描述的东西是不是一个客观的事实，还是描述的经历的具体动作
有明确的时间先后顺序，才需要在过去式 said 这个词之后用过去完成时
比如：A said B … 在 said 后面有明确时间说明在 said 这个说之间完成的，才用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。
‘I saw Lucy a couple of days ago’
In the letter, Jack said he had seen Lucy a couple of days ago.
‘Dinosaurs were around for 250 million years.’ 像这种不需要强调历史变化的，
This guy on TV said that dinosaurs were around for 250 million years.
事件本身是历史上描述的一个客观的历史状况、或新闻、报纸、电视等用过去时，而不用过去完成时。11.特殊情况补充二
will - would
am/is - was
are - were
was/were - had been
can - could
shall - should
may - might
注：如果直接引语中出现的动词形式为 had done/ could / would / might / should / must, 等这一类，在转述为间接引语放在 said 后时，动词无需变化。