• @Python3环境安装(Linux OS)



    在这里插入图片描述

    1.Python基础概述(Linux)

    目前python的最热的两大版本,python2与python3;
    做数据分析,常用的是python3,用python3开发的程序部署到服务器上时,要求服务器上的python环境也是python3。
    Linux服务器一般默认自带python2,建议不要做卸载

    2.Python3依赖环境

    gcc是一个用于linux系统下编程的编译器
    linux下的python3需要使用编译安装,所以我们需要安装gcc
    查看一下系统中gcc:

    #常用编译安装所需要的依赖包
    [root@zeny ~]# yum -y install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel gdbm-devel db4-devel libpcap-devel xz-devel
    
    
    #python版本确认
    [root@zeny ~]# python --version
    Python 2.7
    
    
    
    
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    3.Python3环境安装

    #python3安装包下载
    [root@zeny ~]# cd opt/
    [root@zeny ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.7.1/Python-3.7.1.tgz
    
    
    
    #创建安装目录
    [root@zeny ~]# mkdir -p /usr/local/python3
    
    
    
    #安装包python3解压
    [root@zeny ~]# cd /opt/
    [root@zeny opt]# tar -zxvf Python-3.7.1.tgz
    [root@zeny opt]# ll  |grep Python
    drwxr-xr-x  19  501   501     4096 Aug  6 01:43 Python-3.7.1
    -rw-r--r--   1 root root  22802018 Oct 20  2018 Python-3.7.1.tgz
    
    
    
    
    
    
    #编译安装Python3
    [root@zeny ~]# cd /opt/Python-3.7.1
    [root@zeny Python-3.7.1]# ll
    total 56660
    -rw-r--r--  1  501  501    10953 Oct 20  2018 aclocal.m4
    drwxr-xr-x  6 root root      107 Aug  6 01:39 build
    -rw-r--r--  1  501  501      631 Oct 20  2018 CODE_OF_CONDUCT.rst
    -rwxr-xr-x  1  501  501    44166 Oct 20  2018 config.guess
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root   908527 Aug  6 01:35 config.log
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root    40763 Aug  6 01:35 config.status
    -rwxr-xr-x  1  501  501    36251 Oct 20  2018 config.sub
    -rwxr-xr-x  1  501  501   495052 Oct 20  2018 configure
    -rw-r--r--  1  501  501   165352 Oct 20  2018 configure.ac
    drwxr-xr-x 18  501  501     4096 Oct 20  2018 Doc
    drwxr-xr-x  2  501  501       21 Oct 20  2018 Grammar
    drwxr-xr-x  3  501  501     4096 Oct 20  2018 Include
    -rwxr-xr-x  1  501  501     7122 Oct 20  2018 install-sh
    drwxr-xr-x 34  501  501     8192 Aug  6 01:37 Lib
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root 39914012 Aug  6 01:37 libpython3.7m.a
    -rw-r--r--  1  501  501    12763 Oct 20  2018 LICENSE
    drwxr-xr-x  2  501  501       33 Oct 20  2018 m4
    drwxr-xr-x  8  501  501      160 Oct 20  2018 Mac
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root    71234 Aug  6 01:35 Makefile
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root    62294 Aug  6 01:35 Makefile.pre
    -rw-r--r--  1  501  501    62613 Oct 20  2018 Makefile.pre.in
    drwxr-xr-x  2  501  501     4096 Aug  6 01:35 Misc
    drwxr-xr-x 13  501  501     8192 Aug  6 01:39 Modules
    drwxr-xr-x  4  501  501     4096 Aug  6 01:37 Objects
    drwxr-xr-x  3  501  501     4096 Aug  6 01:40 Parser
    drwxr-xr-x  6  501  501     4096 Oct 20  2018 PC
    drwxr-xr-x  2  501  501     4096 Oct 20  2018 PCbuild
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Aug  6 01:35 profile-clean-stamp
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Aug  6 01:39 profile-gen-stamp
    drwxr-xr-x  2  501  501      179 Aug  6 01:47 Programs
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root       26 Aug  6 01:37 pybuilddir.txt
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root    45191 Aug  6 01:10 pyconfig.h
    -rw-r--r--  1  501  501    43134 Oct 20  2018 pyconfig.h.in
    -rwxr-xr-x  1 root root 15798928 Aug  6 01:37 python
    drwxr-xr-x  3  501  501     8192 Aug  6 01:37 Python
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root     3097 Aug  6 01:39 python-config
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root     2042 Aug  6 01:39 python-config.py
    -rw-r--r--  1 root root    64614 Aug  6 01:14 python-gdb.py
    -rw-r--r--  1  501  501    10097 Oct 20  2018 README.rst
    -rw-r--r--  1  501  501   101855 Oct 20  2018 setup.py
    drwxr-xr-x 23  501  501      322 Oct 20  2018 Tools
    #「指定安装目录,设置启用ssl功能,直接添加参数:--with-ssl」
    [root@zeny Python-3.7.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3
    [root@zeny Python-3.7.1]#  make && make install
    
    
    #测试Pthon3是否成功
    [root@zeny Python-3.7.1]# /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.7
    
    
    #创建软连接(-f,如创建不成功,可以添加此参数直接强制覆盖)
    [root@zeny Python-3.7.1]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 /usr/bin/python3
    [root@zeny Python-3.7.1]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
    
    
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    配置PATH

    #加入环境变量(PATH)
    [root@zeny Python-3.7.1]# vim /etc/profile (直接添加如下内容即可)
    
    if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
    
    . ~/.bashrc
    
    fi
    
    # User specific environment and startup programs
    
    PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:/usr/local/python3/bin
    
    export PATH
    
    
    
    
    #配置快速生效
    [root@zeny Python-3.7.1]# source ~/.bash_profile
    
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    4.Setuptools安装

    #安装setuptools
    [root@zeny ~]# cd /opt/
    [root@zeny opt]# wget --no-check-certificate  https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/s/setuptools/setuptools-19.6.tar.gz
    
    
    --no-check-certificate :意味着以不安全的方法连接
    ##下载文件的md5校验码:c607dd118eae682c44ed146367a17e26
    
    
    
    
    
    
    #解压安装
    [root@zeny opt]# tar -zxvf setuptools-19.6.tar.gz
    [root@zeny opt]# cd /opt/setuptools-19.6/
    
    
    
    
    #编译并安装
    [root@zeny setuptools-19.6]# python3 setup.py build
    [root@zeny setuptools-19.6]# python3 setup.py install
    
    
    
    #软连接创建
    ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 /usr/bin/pip3
    
    
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    5.Python3环境检查测试

    Python3环境检查

    #查看Python版本
    [root@zeny ~]# python3 -V
    Python 3.7.1
    
    
    [root@zeny ~]# pip3 -V
    pip 10.0.1 from /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages/pip (python 3.7)
    
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    6.Python3模块安装测试

    Python3模块: requests

    #直接使用python安装库pip安装requests(出现以下错需要更新到最新的pip版本即可)
    [root@zeny ~]# pip install requests
    Collecting requests
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/ca/91/6d9b8ccacd0412c08820f72cebaa4f0c0441b5cda699c90f618b6f8a1b42/requests-2.28.1-py3-none-any.whl (62kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 71kB 966kB/s 
    Collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 (from requests)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/d1/cb/4783c8f1a90f89e260dbf72ebbcf25931f3a28f8f80e2e90f8a589941b19/urllib3-1.26.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl (139kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 143kB 1.7MB/s 
    Collecting charset-normalizer<3,>=2 (from requests)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/94/69/64b11e8c2fb21f08634468caef885112e682b0ebe2908e74d3616eb1c113/charset_normalizer-2.1.0-py3-none-any.whl
    Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17 (from requests)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/e9/06/d3d367b7af6305b16f0d28ae2aaeb86154fa91f144f036c2d5002a5a202b/certifi-2022.6.15-py3-none-any.whl (160kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 163kB 6.0MB/s 
    Collecting idna<4,>=2.5 (from requests)
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/04/a2/d918dcd22354d8958fe113e1a3630137e0fc8b44859ade3063982eacd2a4/idna-3.3-py3-none-any.whl (61kB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 61kB 8.6MB/s 
    Installing collected packages: urllib3, charset-normalizer, certifi, idna, requests
    Successfully installed certifi-2022.6.15 charset-normalizer-2.1.0 idna-3.3 requests-2.28.1 urllib3-1.26.11
    You are using pip version 10.0.1, however version 22.2.2 is available.
    You should consider upgrading via the 'pip install --upgrade pip' command.
    
    
    
    
    #更新pip版本
    [root@zeny ~]# pip install --upgrade pip
    Collecting pip
      Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/1f/2c/d9626f045e7b49a6225c6b09257861f24da78f4e5f23af2ddbdf852c99b8/pip-22.2.2-py3-none-any.whl (2.0MB)
        100% |████████████████████████████████| 2.0MB 724kB/s 
    Installing collected packages: pip
      Found existing installation: pip 10.0.1
        Uninstalling pip-10.0.1:
          Successfully uninstalled pip-10.0.1
    Successfully installed pip-22.2.2
    
    
    
    
    #继续安装requsts模块
    [root@zeny ~]# pip install requests
    Requirement already satisfied: requests in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (2.28.1)
    Requirement already satisfied: idna<4,>=2.5 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from requests) (3.3)
    Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<3,>=2 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from requests) (2.1.0)
    Requirement already satisfied: urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from requests) (1.26.11)
    Requirement already satisfied: certifi>=2017.4.17 in /usr/local/lib/python3.7/site-packages (from requests) (2022.6.15)
    WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
    
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    Python3模块: xlrd
    注:使用python3进行执行脚本,由于xlrd新的模块(2.0.1版本)已不支持.xlsx文件,我们就需要卸载当前版本的xlrd库,安装就版本的1.2.0版本。

    #卸载删除新版xlrd模块
    [root@zabbix01 zeny]# pip uninstall xlrd
    WARNING: Skipping xlrd as it is not installed.
    WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
    
    
    
    
    #安装指定版本的xlrd模块
    [root@zabbix01 zeny]# pip install xlrd==1.2.0
    Collecting xlrd==1.2.0
      Downloading xlrd-1.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (103 kB)
         ━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━ 103.3/103.3 kB 1.1 MB/s eta 0:00:00
    Installing collected packages: xlrd
    Successfully installed xlrd-1.2.0
    WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_55972781/article/details/126188384