• Linux--CE--ansible常用模块（1）

    1.command,shell,raw,script模块的作用和区别

    #：   command可以在受管主机上执行shell命令，但是不支持环境变量和操作符，也无法使用管道符，并要求受管主机安装python；

            shell模块调用的、bin/sh指令执行，要求在受管主机安装python；

            raw不需要受管主机上安装python，直接使用远程shell运行命令，将结果返回给主控服务器；

    #：command 模块的使用: 去执行一个脚本文件command.sh, command.sh文件的功能是echo "I amcommand module"

    （1）首先去被控主机中去创建command.sh脚本：可以在所有被控主机创建，也可以指定哪个被控主机创建，我这里指定在node1主机中进行创建：

    1. [root@rhces1 ~]# vim command.sh
    2. [root@rhces1 ~]# chmod +x command.sh 
    3. [root@rhces1 ~]# ./command.sh 
    4. I am command module
    5. [root@rhces1 ~]# cat command.sh 
    6. #!/bin/bash
    7. echo "I am command module"
    8. [root@rhces1 ~]#

    （2）在控制主机中执行command.sh脚本：

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node -m command -a "bash /home/student/command.sh"
    2. node2.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    3. I am command module
    4. node1.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    5. I am command modual
    6. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    #：shell模块执行命令 ls /root | grep txt

    1. [root@rhces1 ~]# touch file{1..2}.txt
    2. [root@rhces1 ~]# ls /root|grep txt
    3. file1.txt
    4. file2.txt
    5. [root@rhces1 ~]#
    6.  
    7. -----------------------------------------------
    8.  
    9. [root@rhces2 ~]# touch file{1..2}.txt
    10. [root@rhces2 ~]# ls /root | grep txt
    11. file1.txt
    12. file2.txt
    13. [root@rhces2 ~]#
    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node -m shell -a "ls /root|grep txt chdir=/root"
    2. node2.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    3. file1.txt
    4. file2.txt
    5. node1.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    6. file1.txt
    7. file2.txt
    8. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    #：raw模块执行pwd命令

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node -m raw -a "pwd"
    2. node2.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    3. /root
    4. Shared connection to node2.example.com closed.
    6. node1.example.com | CHANGED | rc=0 >>
    7. /root
    8. Shared connection to node1.example.com closed.
    9.  
    10. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    #：script模块执行 script.sh文件，文件的内容为 echo "I am script module"

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# vim /root/script.sh
    2. [root@rhce-128 ~]# chmod +x script.sh 
    3. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node -m script -a "script.sh chdir=/root"
    4. node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    5.     "changed": true, 
    6.     "rc": 0, 
    7.     "stderr": "Shared connection to node2.example.com closed.\r\n", 
    8.     "stderr_lines": [
    9.         "Shared connection to node2.example.com closed."
    10.     ], 
    11.     "stdout": " I am script module\r\n", 
    12.     "stdout_lines": [
    13.         " I am script module"
    14.     ]
    15. }
    16. node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
    17.     "changed": true, 
    18.     "rc": 0, 
    19.     "stderr": "Shared connection to node1.example.com closed.\r\n", 
    20.     "stderr_lines": [
    21.         "Shared connection to node1.example.com closed."
    22.     ], 
    23.     "stdout": " I am script module\r\n", 
    24.     "stdout_lines": [
    25.         " I am script module"
    26.     ]
    27. }
    28. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    2.file模块：

    #：创建文件，并指定用户，用户组为student， 且权限为600

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node -m file -a "path=/home/student/test.txt state=file owner=student group=student mode=600"
    2. node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
    3.     "ansible_facts": {
    4.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    5.     }, 
    6.     "changed": true, 
    7.     "gid": 1013, 
    8.     "group": "student", 
    9.     "mode": "0600", 
    10.     "owner": "student", 
    11.     "path": "/home/student/test.txt", 
    12.     "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0", 
    13.     "size": 6, 
    14.     "state": "file", 
    15.     "uid": 1009
    16. }
    17. node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    18.     "ansible_facts": {
    19.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    20.     }, 
    21.     "changed": true, 
    22.     "gid": 1013, 
    23.     "group": "student", 
    24.     "mode": "0600", 
    25.     "owner": "student", 
    26.     "path": "/home/student/test.txt", 
    27.     "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0", 
    28.     "size": 6, 
    29.     "state": "file", 
    30.     "uid": 1009
    31. }
    32. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    #：去被控主机查看：

    1. [root@rhces1 student]# ll
    2. total 0
    3. drw-------. 2 student student 6 Aug  3 21:01 test.txt
    4. [root@rhces1 student]#
    1. [root@rhces2 student]# ll
    2. total 0
    3. drw-------. 2 student student 6 Aug  3 21:00 test.txt
    4. [root@rhces2 student]#

    #：创建目录，并指定用户，用户组为student, 且权限为755

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node -m file -a "path=/home/student/test state=directory owner=student group=student mode=600"
    2. node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
    3.     "ansible_facts": {
    4.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    5.     }, 
    6.     "changed": true, 
    7.     "gid": 1013, 
    8.     "group": "student", 
    9.     "mode": "0600", 
    10.     "owner": "student", 
    11.     "path": "/home/student/test", 
    12.     "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0", 
    13.     "size": 6, 
    14.     "state": "directory", 
    15.     "uid": 1009
    16. }
    17. node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    18.     "ansible_facts": {
    19.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    20.     }, 
    21.     "changed": true, 
    22.     "gid": 1013, 
    23.     "group": "student", 
    24.     "mode": "0600", 
    25.     "owner": "student", 
    26.     "path": "/home/student/test", 
    27.     "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0", 
    28.     "size": 6, 
    29.     "state": "directory", 
    30.     "uid": 1009
    31. }
    32. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    #：到被控主机查询结果：

    1. [root@rhces1 student]# ll
    2. total 0
    3. drw-------. 2 student student 6 Aug  3 21:01 test
    4. [root@rhces1 student]#
    1. [root@rhces2 student]# ll
    2. total 0
    3. drw-------. 2 student student 6 Aug  3 21:00 test
    4. [root@rhces2 student]#

    #：创建链接文件

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node -m file -a "path=/home/student/linkfile state=link src=/home/student/test.txt"
    2. node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    3.     "ansible_facts": {
    4.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    5.     }, 
    6.     "changed": true, 
    7.     "dest": "/home/student/linkfile", 
    8.     "gid": 0, 
    9.     "group": "root", 
    10.     "mode": "0777", 
    11.     "owner": "root", 
    12.     "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0", 
    13.     "size": 22, 
    14.     "src": "/home/student/test.txt", 
    15.     "state": "link", 
    16.     "uid": 0
    17. }
    18. node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
    19.     "ansible_facts": {
    20.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    21.     }, 
    22.     "changed": true, 
    23.     "dest": "/home/student/linkfile", 
    24.     "gid": 0, 
    25.     "group": "root", 
    26.     "mode": "0777", 
    27.     "owner": "root", 
    28.     "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0", 
    29.     "size": 22, 
    30.     "src": "/home/student/test.txt", 
    31.     "state": "link", 
    32.     "uid": 0
    33. }
    34. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    #：被控主机结果显示为：

    1. [root@rhces1 student]# ll
    2. total 0
    3. lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root    root    22 Aug  3 21:14 linkfile -> /home/student/test.txt
    4. -rw-------. 1 student student  0 Aug  3 21:10 test.txt
    5. [root@rhces1 student]#
    1. [root@rhces2 student]# ll
    2. total 0
    3. lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root    root    22 Aug  3 21:13 linkfile -> /home/student/test.txt
    4. -rw-------. 1 student student  0 Aug  3 21:09 test.txt
    5. [root@rhces2 student]#

    #：删除第一个创建的文件

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node -m file -a "path=/home/student/test.txt state=absent"
    2. node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
    3.     "ansible_facts": {
    4.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    5.     }, 
    6.     "changed": true, 
    7.     "path": "/home/student/test.txt", 
    8.     "state": "absent"
    9. }
    10. node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    11.     "ansible_facts": {
    12.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    13.     }, 
    14.     "changed": true, 
    15.     "path": "/home/student/test.txt", 
    16.     "state": "absent"
    17. }
    18. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    #：被控主机结果显示：

    1. [root@rhces1 student]# ll
    2. total 0
    3. lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Aug  3 21:14 linkfile -> /home/student/test.txt
    4. [root@rhces1 student]#
    1. [root@rhces2 student]# ll
    2. total 0
    3. lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Aug  3 21:13 linkfile -> /home/student/test.txt
    4. [root@rhces2 student]#

    3.copy模块

    复制文件

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node -m copy -a "src=/root/tt dest=/home/student"
    2. node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    3.     "ansible_facts": {
    4.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    5.     }, 
    6.     "changed": true, 
    7.     "checksum": "dfecb4295e9152e6f24ed2fe0310c2ec5c911596", 
    8.     "dest": "/home/student/tt", 
    9.     "gid": 0, 
    10.     "group": "root", 
    11.     "md5sum": "6662e6f920171897156556dad8032a3b", 
    12.     "mode": "0644", 
    13.     "owner": "root", 
    14.     "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0", 
    15.     "size": 41, 
    16.     "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1659532784.44-40534-89814385207502/source", 
    17.     "state": "file", 
    18.     "uid": 0
    19. }
    20. node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
    21.     "ansible_facts": {
    22.         "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    23.     }, 
    24.     "changed": true, 
    25.     "checksum": "dfecb4295e9152e6f24ed2fe0310c2ec5c911596", 
    26.     "dest": "/home/student/tt", 
    27.     "gid": 0, 
    28.     "group": "root", 
    29.     "md5sum": "6662e6f920171897156556dad8032a3b", 
    30.     "mode": "0644", 
    31.     "owner": "root", 
    32.     "secontext": "unconfined_u:object_r:user_home_t:s0", 
    33.     "size": 41, 
    34.     "src": "/root/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1659532784.39-40533-22108167373706/source", 
    35.     "state": "file", 
    36.     "uid": 0
    37. }
    38. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    #：被控主机显示如下所示：

    1. [root@rhces1 student]# ll
    2. total 4
    3. lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Aug  3 21:14 linkfile -> /home/student/test.txt
    4. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 41 Aug  3 21:20 tt
    5. [root@rhces1 student]#
    1. [root@rhces2 student]# ll
    2. total 4
    3. lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 22 Aug  3 21:13 linkfile -> /home/student/test.txt
    4. -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 41 Aug  3 21:19 tt
    5. [root@rhces2 student]#

    复制目录

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node -m copy -a "src=/root/test dest=/root"
    2. node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
    3.     "changed": true, 
    4.     "dest": "/root/", 
    5.     "src": "/root/test"
    6. }
    7. node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    8.     "changed": true, 
    9.     "dest": "/root/", 
    10.     "src": "/root/test"
    11. }
    12. [root@rhce-128 ~]#
    1. [root@rhces1 ~]# ll -d test
    2. drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 68 Aug  3 21:38 test
    3. [root@rhces1 ~]#
    1. [root@rhces2 ~]# ll
    2. total 0
    3. drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 68 Aug  3 21:37 test
    4. [root@rhces2 ~]#

    4.fetch模块

    从被控制主机上取文件

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node -m fetch -a "src=/home/student/tt dest=/root"
    2. node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
    3.     "changed": true, 
    4.     "checksum": "dfecb4295e9152e6f24ed2fe0310c2ec5c911596", 
    5.     "dest": "/root/node1.example.com/home/student/tt", 
    6.     "md5sum": "6662e6f920171897156556dad8032a3b", 
    7.     "remote_checksum": "dfecb4295e9152e6f24ed2fe0310c2ec5c911596", 
    8.     "remote_md5sum": null
    9. }
    10. node2.example.com | CHANGED => {
    11.     "changed": true, 
    12.     "checksum": "dfecb4295e9152e6f24ed2fe0310c2ec5c911596", 
    13.     "dest": "/root/node2.example.com/home/student/tt", 
    14.     "md5sum": "6662e6f920171897156556dad8032a3b", 
    15.     "remote_checksum": "dfecb4295e9152e6f24ed2fe0310c2ec5c911596", 
    16.     "remote_md5sum": null
    17. }
    18. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    5.synchronize模块

    pull: 从被控制主机上拉取目录

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node1.example.com -m synchronize -a "src=/home/student/test dest=/root/ mode=pull"
    2. node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
    3.     "changed": true, 
    4.     "cmd": "/usr/bin/rsync --delay-updates -F --compress --archive --rsh=/usr/bin/ssh -S none -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null --out-format=<>%i %n%L node1.example.com:/home/student/test /root/", 
    5.     "msg": ".d..t...... test/\n>f+++++++++ test/file1.tar\n>f+++++++++ test/file2.txt\n>f+++++++++ test/file3.txt\ncd+++++++++ test/tar/\n>f+++++++++ test/tar/file1.txt\n", 
    6.     "rc": 0, 
    7.     "stdout_lines": [
    8.         ".d..t...... test/", 
    9.         ">f+++++++++ test/file1.tar", 
    10.         ">f+++++++++ test/file2.txt", 
    11.         ">f+++++++++ test/file3.txt", 
    12.         "cd+++++++++ test/tar/", 
    13.         ">f+++++++++ test/tar/file1.txt"
    14.     ]
    15. }
    16. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    #：被控主机执行结果：

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ll -d test
    2. drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 68 Aug  3 21:38 test
    3. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    push：往被控制主机上推送目录

    1. [root@rhce-128 ~]# ansible node1.example.com -m synchronize -a "src=/root/dir1 dest=/home/student/ mode=push"
    2. node1.example.com | CHANGED => {
    3.     "changed": true, 
    4.     "cmd": "/usr/bin/rsync --delay-updates -F --compress --archive --rsh=/usr/bin/ssh -S none -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no -o UserKnownHostsFile=/dev/null --out-format=<>%i %n%L /root/dir1 node1.example.com:/home/student/", 
    5.     "msg": "cd+++++++++ dir1/\n", 
    6.     "rc": 0, 
    7.     "stdout_lines": [
    8.         "cd+++++++++ dir1/"
    9.     ]
    10. }
    11. [root@rhce-128 ~]#

    #：被控主机执行结果：

    1. [root@rhces1 ~]# ll -d /home/student/dir1
    2. drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 6 Aug  3 22:44 /home/student/dir1
    3. [root@rhces1 ~]#
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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/AiTTTTTT/article/details/126144230