前置条件:
前端网站地址:http://localhost:4443
服务端网址:http://localhost:9081
当网站8080访问服务端接口的时候会产生跨域的问题
跨域主要设计到4个响应头:
跨域请求时会先发送预检请求,浏览器首先会询问服务器,当前网页所在的域名是否在服务器的许可列表中,以及可以使用的请求头和请求方法。若得到肯定的答复,才会发送正式请求Xhr请求,否则报错
报错情况1
Access to XMLHttpRequest at ‘http://localhost:9081/api/’ from origin ‘http://localhost:4443’ has been blocked by CORS policy: Response to preflight request doesn’t pass access control check: No > ‘Access-Control-Allow-Origin’ header is present on the requested resource.
通过错误信息可以很清晰的定位到错误priflight
说明是个预请求,CORS 机制跨域会首先进行 preflight(一个 OPTIONS 请求), 该请求成功后才会发送真正的请求。这一设计旨在确保服务器对 CORS 标准知情,以保护不支持 CORS 的旧服务器
解决方案:
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location / {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin 'http://localhost:4443';
proxy_pass http://localhost:9081;
}
}
报错情况2
Access to XMLHttpRequest at ‘http://localhost:9081/api/’ from origin ‘http://localhost:4443’ has been blocked by CORS policy: Response to preflight request doesn’t pass access control check: It does not have HTTP ok status.
通过报错信息提示可以得知,是跨域浏览器默认行为的预请求(option请求)没有收到ok状态码,此时再修改配置文件,当请求为option请求时候,给浏览器返回一个状态码(一般是204)
如果想要每次响应信息都携带头字段信息,需要在最后添加always(经我测试,只有Access-Control-Allow-Origin这个头信息需要加always,其他的不加always也会携带回来)
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location / {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin 'http://localhost:4443' always;
if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
return 204;
}
proxy_pass http://localhost:9081;
}
}
报错情况3
Access to XMLHttpRequest at ‘http://localhost:9081/api/’ from origin ‘http://localhost:4443’ has been blocked by CORS policy: Request header field authorization is not allowed by Access-Control-Allow-Headers in preflight response.
意思就是预请求响应头Access-Control-Allow-Headers中缺少头信息(各种情况会不一样,在发生跨域后,在自定义添加的头信息是不允许的,需要添加到请求响应头Access-Control-Allow-Headers中,以便浏览器知道此头信息的携带是服务器承认合法的)
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location / {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin 'http://localhost:4443' always;
if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers '*'; #为什么写在if里面而不是接着Access-Control-Allow-Origin往下写?因为这里只有预检请求才会检查
return 204;
}
proxy_pass http://localhost:9081;
}
}
报错情况4
如果`if ($request_method = ‘OPTIONS’)``中配置了add_header,那么预检请求外部配置均会失效
官方文档
There could be several add_header directives. These directives are inherited from the previous level if and only if there are no add_header directives defined on the current level.
意思就是当前层级无 add_header 指令时,则继承上一层级的add_header。相反的若当前层级有了add_header,就应该无法继承上一层的add_header。
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location / {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin 'http://localhost:4443' always;
if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin 'http://localhost:4443';
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers '*'; #为什么写在if里面而不是接着Access-Control-Allow-Origin往下写?因为这里只有预检请求才会检查
return 204;
}
proxy_pass http://localhost:9081;
}
}
但是由于此写法携带上两个 Access-Control-Allow-Origin ,这种情况也是不允许的
因此修正过的配置如下(其中*
可以根据自己的需求替换)
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location / {
if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin 'http://localhost:4443';
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers '*'; #为什么写在if里面?因为这里只有预检请求才会检查
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods '*';
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Credentials 'true';
return 204;
}
if ($request_method != 'OPTIONS') {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin 'http://localhost:4443' always;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Credentials 'true';
}
proxy_pass http://localhost:9081;
}
}
或者
server {
listen 8080;
server_name localhost;
location / {
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin 'http://localhost:4443' always;
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers '*';
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods '*';
add_header Access-Control-Allow-Credentials 'true';
if ($request_method = 'OPTIONS') {
return 204;
}
proxy_pass http://localhost:9081;
}
}