sed应用

sed应用

一.sedsed命令的基本语法

sed OPTIONS… [SCRIPT] [INPUTFILE…]

常用的选项：

-n,–quiet: 不输出模式空间中的内容

-i: 直接编辑原文件，默认不对原文件进行操作

-e: 可以使用多个命令(脚本)进行操作

-f /path/from/sed_script: 从指定的文本中读取处理脚本

-r: 使用扩展正则表达式
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1. 删除

• 删除文件中的内容

语法
[address]command
[line-address]command


1.删除以pwpolicy开头的内容
[root@node1 ~]# cat -n anac.cfg 
     1  %anaconda
     2  pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
     3  pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
     4  pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
     5  %end
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^pwpolicy/d' anac.cfg 
%anaconda
%end

2. 删除第四行
[root@node1 ~]# sed '4d' anac.cfg 
%anaconda
pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
%end
[root@node1 ~]# 
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2. 替换 1.0

2.1 语法

[address]s/pattern/seplacement/flages
地址 模式 替换 
flages:
n 1-512之间的一个数字，表示对文本模式中指定模式第n次出现
g 全局替换，默认只替换第一个
p 如果成功替换则打印
w 将模式中的内容写入文件中
i 不区分大小写
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2.2 例1

转义符默认为/ 也可以用# ！

将/usr/local/src 改成/usrs/local/bin
1. 
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
/usr/local/src
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's/\/usr\/local\/src/\/usrs\/local\/bin/' abc 
/usrs/local/bin
[root@node1 ~]# 

2.
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's#/usr/local/src#/usrs/local/bin#' abc /usrs/local/bin

3.
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's!/usr/local/src!/usrs/local/bin!' abc 
/usrs/local/bin
[root@node1 ~]# 
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2.3 例2

Tab和\t制表符

将文本的制表符第二个或者第三个换成>
1.
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's/\t/>/2' abc 
Column1 Column2>Column3 Column4
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's/\t/>/3' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3>Column4
[root@node1 ~]# 
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2.4 例3

替换元字符
& 用正则表达式匹配的内容进行替换
\n 换行
\ 转义符

1.将文件换行
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's/\t/\
> /2' abc
Column1 Column2
Column3 Column4
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's/\t/\n/2' abc
Column1 Column2
Column3 Column4
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's/\t/\n/3' abc
Column1 Column2 Column3
Column4
[root@node1 ~]# 

2. .Ah "Major Heading"替换@A HEAD = Major Heading
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^\.Ah/{ 
> s/\.Ah */\
> @A HEAD = /
> s/"//g
> s/$/\
> /}' abc
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4

@A HEAD = Major Heading

[root@node1 ~]# 

[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
1）
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^\.Ah/p' abc
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
.Ah "Major Heading"

2）
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^\.Ah/s/\.Ah */@A HEAD = /' abc
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
@A HEAD = "Major Heading"
[root@node1 ~]# 

3）
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^\.Ah/{s/\.Ah */@A HEAD = /;s/"//g}' abc Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
@A HEAD = Major Heading
[root@node1 ~]# 

4）
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^\.Ah/{s/\.Ah */\n@A HEAD = /;s/"//g}' abc  
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4

@A HEAD = Major Heading

5）
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^\.Ah/{s/\.Ah */\n@A HEAD = /;s/"//g};s/$/\n/' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4


@A HEAD = Major Heading

[root@node1 ~]# 
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2.5 例4

& 匹配整行内容
1.
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
[root@node1 ~]# sed "s/ORA/& Associates, Inc./g" abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc. Associates, Inc.
[root@node1 ~]# 


ORA Associates, Inc.替换O' Reilly ORA Associates, Inc.
2.
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
1）
[root@node1 ~]# sed -r "s/ORA (.*)/O' Reilly &/g" abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
O' Reilly ORA Associates, Inc.
2）
[root@node1 ~]# sed -r "s/ORA/O' Reilly &/g" abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
O' Reilly ORA Associates, Inc.
[root@node1 ~]# 


3.
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.

1）在ORA后面加1234
s/ORA/只匹配ORA
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's/ORA/& 1234/g' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA 1234 Associates, Inc.

2）在行尾加1234
s/ORA.*/ 匹配整行
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's/ORA.*/& 1234/g' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc. 1234

[root@node1 ~]# sed 's/ORA.*/&1234/g' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.1234
[root@node1 ~]# 
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2.6 例5

\s \\s 
UNIX换成\s-2UNIX\s0
1.
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's/UNIX/\\s-2&\\s0/g' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the \s-2UNIX\s0 Operating System.
[root@node1 ~]# 
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2.7 例6

See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
将上面两行（）
1.
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
[root@node1 ~]# sed 's/See Section [1-9][0-9]*\.[1-9][0-9]*/(&)/g' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
(See Section 1.4)
(See Section 12.9)

2.
[root@node1 ~]# sed -r 's/See Section [1-9][0-9]*.[1-9][0-9]*/(&)/g' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
(See Section 1.4)
(See Section 12.9)
[root@node1 ~]# 


See Section\fb1.4\fp
See Section\fb12.9\fp
3.
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
[root@node1 ~]# sed -r 's/(See Section) ([1-9][0-9]*.[1-9][0-9]*)/\1\\fb\2\\fp/g' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section\fb1.4\fp
See Section\fb12.9\fp
[root@node1 ~]# 
或
[root@node1 ~]# sed -r 's/(.*) ([1-9][0-9]*.[1-9][0-9]*)/\1\\fb\2\\fp/g' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section\fb1.4\fp
See Section\fb12.9\fp
[root@node1 ~]# 
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2.8 例7

first:second
one:two

将上面两行调换位置
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
first:second
one:two
[root@node1 ~]# sed -r 's/(.*):(.*)/\2:\1/g' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
second:first
two:one
[root@node1 ~]# 
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2.9 例8

substitution换成substitute

[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^\.XX /s/substitution/substitute/g' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitute command"
[root@node1 ~]# 


s/^\.XX \(.*\)$/\/^\\.XX \/s\/\1/\1\//
s#^\.XX (.*)$#/^\\.XX /s\1\1#
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3. 删除 d

3.1 例1

[root@node1 ~]# cat -n abc 
     1  Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
     2  .Ah "Major Heading"
     3  aAh Major Heading
     4  zAh Major Heading
     5  ORA Associates, Inc.
     6  on the UNIX Operating System.
     7  See Section 1.4
     8  See Section 12.9
     9  first:second
    10  one:two
    11  .XX "sed, substitution command"

1.删除.Ah开头的
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/.Ah/d' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]# 

2.删除.Ah开头的
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/\.Ah/d' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]# 
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4. 追加（a）插入（i）和更改©

append 追加
insert 插入
change 更改

语法：
[line-address]a\
[line-address]i\
[address]c\
test
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4.1 例1 追加 a

[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"


1.在第一行后面加abc
[root@node1 ~]# sed '1a abc' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
abc
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]# 

2.在第一行后面加abc ddas
[root@node1 ~]# sed '1a abc ddas' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
abc ddas
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]# 

3.在第一行后面加  abc
[root@node1 ~]# sed '1a\  abc' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
  abc
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]# 


4.利用匹配的方式在zAh Major Heading后加  abcdes
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^zAh/a \  abcdes' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
  abcdes
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]# 

5.在See后加abcdes
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^See/a abcdes' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
abcdes
See Section 12.9
abcdes
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]#


[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"


See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
6. 上面两行后加abc
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/See.*[1-9][0-9]\.[0-9]/a abc' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
abc
See Section 13.5
abc
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]# 
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4.2 例2 插入 i

[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"

1.在第一行插入mushuang
[root@node1 ~]# sed '1i mushuang' abc 
mushuang
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]# 
或
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^\.Ah/i abc' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
abc
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]# 
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4.3 例3 更改 c

[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"

1.将ORA Associates, Inc.改成papap
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/ORA/c papap' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
papap
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
[root@node1 ~]# 
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4.4 例4 i

[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
Larry' s Address

1.Larry' s Address后加两行
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/Larry/i 4700 Cross Court\
> French Lick, IN
> ' abc
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
4700 Cross Court
French Lick, IN
Larry' s Address
[root@node1 ~]# 
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4.5 例5

[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
Larry' s Address
[root@node1 ~]# 

1. .Ah开头，on结尾替换 abcd
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^\.Ah/,/on /c abcd' abc
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
abcd
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
Larry' s Address
[root@node1 ~]# 


2.全部内容替换成abcde
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^Column/,$c abcde' abc 
abcde
[root@node1 ~]# 
或者
[root@node1 ~]# sed '1,$c abcde' abc 
abcde
[root@node1 ~]# 
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5. 转换 y

[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
[root@node1 ~]# cat abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
aAh Major Heading
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
Larry' s Address

1.将第三行中的ajg转换成978
[root@node1 ~]# sed '3y/ajg/978/' abc 
Column1 Column2 Column3 Column4
.Ah "Major Heading"
9Ah M97or He9din8
zAh Major Heading
ORA Associates, Inc.
on the UNIX Operating System.
See Section 1.4
See Section 12.9
See Section 13.5
first:second
one:two
.XX "sed, substitution command"
Larry' s Address
[root@node1 ~]# 
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6. 打印 p

6.1 例

[root@node1 ~]# cat bca 
.Ah "Comment"
.Ah "Substitution"
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
.Ah "List"

1.
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^\.Ah/{p}' bca 
.Ah "Comment"
.Ah "Comment"
.Ah "Substitution"
.Ah "Substitution"
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
.Ah "List"
.Ah "List"
[root@node1 ~]# 

2.
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/^\.Ah/{p;s/"//g;s/^\.Ah //}' bca 
.Ah "Comment"
Comment
.Ah "Substitution"
Substitution
.Ah "Delete"
Delete
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
Append, Insert and Change
.Ah "List"
List
[root@node1 ~]# 
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7. 打印行号

7.1 例

[root@node1 ~]# cat bca 
.Ah "Comment"
.Ah "Substitution"
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
.Ah "List"

将第三行行号及其内容打印出来
[root@node1 ~]# sed -n '/Delete/{=;p}' bca 
3
.Ah "Delete"
[root@node1 ~]# 
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8. 下一步 （next）n

8.1 例

[root@node1 ~]# cat bca 
.Ah "Comment"
.Ah "Substitution"
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
.Ah "List"

1. .Ah "Delete"打印下一行内容
[root@node1 ~]# sed -n '/Delete/p' bca 
.Ah "Delete"
[root@node1 ~]# sed -n '/Delete/n;p' bca 
.Ah "Comment"
.Ah "Substitution"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
.Ah "List"
[root@node1 ~]# 

2. 将.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"的下一行List加个（）
[root@node1 ~]# cat bca 
.Ah "Comment"
.Ah "Substitution"
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
.Ah "List"
[root@node1 ~]# sed -r '/Append/{n;s/\.Ah (.*)/\.Ah (\1)/g}' bca 
.Ah "Comment"
.Ah "Substitution"
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
.Ah ("List")
[root@node1 ~]# 

3.
[root@node1 ~]# cat bca 
.Ah "Comment"
Append 123
.Ah "Substitution"
Append 456
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
.Ah "List"
Append 567

[root@node1 ~]# sed -r '/Append/{n;s/\.Ah (.*)/\.Ah (\1)/g}' bca 
.Ah "Comment"
Append 123
.Ah ("Substitution")
Append 456
.Ah ("Delete")
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
.Ah ("List")
Append 567
[root@node1 ~]# 


[root@node1 ~]# cat bca 
.Ah "Comment"
Append 123

.Ah "Substitution"
Append 456
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"

.Ah "List"
Append 567

4. 取有Append行，中下一行有空格删除
[root@node1 ~]# sed '/Append/{n;/^$/d}' bca 
.Ah "Comment"
Append 123
.Ah "Substitution"
Append 456
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"
.Ah "List"
Append 567
[root@node1 ~]# 

[root@node1 ~]# sed -n '/Append/{n;/^$/d};p' bca 
.Ah "Comment"
.Ah "Substitution"
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "List"
[root@node1 ~]# 
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9. 读（r）和写（w）

9.1 例 w

[root@node1 ~]# cat bca 
.Ah "Comment"
Append 123

.Ah "Substitution"
Append 456
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "Append, Insert and Change"

.Ah "List"
Append 567

[root@node1 ~]# sed -n '/Append/{n;/^$/d};p' bca 
.Ah "Comment"
.Ah "Substitution"
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "List"
[root@node1 ~]# 

[root@node1 ~]# cat 555 
.Ah "Comment"
.Ah "Substitution"
.Ah "Delete"
.Ah "List"
[root@node1 ~]# 
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