1、协议可以用来定义方法、属性、下标的声明,协议可以被枚举、结构体、类遵守(多个协议之间用逗号隔开)
- protocol Drawable {
- func draw()
- var x: Int { get set }
- var y: Int { get }
- subscript(index: Int) -> Int { get set }
- }
2、协议中定义方法时不能有默认参数值
3、默认情况下,协议中定义的内容必须全部都实现
1、协议中定义属性时必须用var关键字
2、实现协议时属性权限要不小于协议中定义的属性权限
协议定义get、set,用var存储属性或get、set计算属性去实现
协议定义get,用任何属性都可以实现
- class Person: Drawable {
- var x: Int = 0
- let y: Int = 0
-
- func draw() {
- print("Person draw")
- }
-
- subscript(index: Int) -> Int {
- set {}
- get { index }
- }
- }
- class Person: Drawable {
- var x: Int {
- get { 0 }
- set {}
- }
- var y: Int {
- get { 0 }
- }
-
- func draw() {
- print("Person draw")
- }
-
- subscript(index: Int) -> Int {
- set {}
- get { index }
- }
- }
1、为了保证通用,协议中必须用static定义类型方法、类型属性、类型下标
- protocol Drawable {
- static func draw()
- }
-
- class Person1: Drawable {
- class func draw() {
- print("Person1 draw")
- }
- }
-
- class Person2: Drawable {
- static func draw() {
- print("Person2 draw")
- }
- }
1、只有将协议中的实例方法标记为mutating
才允许结构体、枚举的具体实现修改自身内存
类在实现方法时不用加mutating,枚举、结构体才需要加mutating
- protocol Drawable {
- mutating func draw()
- }
-
- class Size: Drawable {
- var width: Int = 0
- func draw() {
- width = 10
- }
- }
-
- static Point: Drawable {
- var x: Int = 0
- mutating func draw() {
- x = 10
- }
- }
1、协议里面还可以定义初始化器init
非final类实现时必须加上required
- protocol Drawable {
- init(x: Int, y: Int)
- }
-
- class Point: Drawable {
- required init(x: Int, y: Int) {
-
- }
- }
-
- final class Size: Drawable {
- init(x: Int, y: Int) {
-
- }
- }
2、如果从协议实现的初始化器,刚好是重写了父类的指定初始化器
那么这个初始化必须同时加required、override
- protocol Liveable {
- init(age: Int)
- }
-
- class Person {
- init(age: Int) {}
- }
-
- class Student: Person, Liveable {
- required override init(age: Int) {
- super.init(age: age)
- }
- }
1、协议中定义的init?、init!,可以用init、init?、init!去实现
2、协议中定义的init,可以用init、init!去实现
- protocol Liveable {
- init()
- init?(age: Int)
- init!(no: Int)
- }
-
- class Person: Liveable {
- required init() {}
- // required init!() {}
-
- required init?(age: Int) {}
- // required init!(age: Int) {}
- // required init(age: Int) {}
-
- required init!(no: Int) {}
- // required init?(no: Int) {}
- // required init(no: Int) {}
- }
1、一个协议可以继承其他协议
1、协议组合,可以包含1个类类型(最多1个)
- protocol Livable {}
- protocol Runnable {}
- class Person {}
-
- //接收Person或者其子类的实例
- func fn0(obj: Person) {}
-
- //接收遵守Livable协议的实例
- func fn1(obj: Livable) {}
-
- //接收同时遵守Livable和Runnable协议的实例
- func fn2(obj: Livable & Runnable) {}
-
- //接收同时遵守Livable、Runnable协议,并且是Person或者其子类的实例
- func fn3(obj: Person & Livable & Runnable) {}
- typealias RealPerson = Person & Livable & Runnable
- func fn4(obj: RealPerson) {}
1、让枚举遵守CaseIterable协议,可以实现遍历枚举值
- enum Season: CaseIterable {
- case spring, summer, autumn, winter
- }
-
- let seasons = Season.allCases
- print(seasons.count) // 4
-
- for season in seasons {
- print(season)
- }
1、遵守CustomStringConvertible协议,可以自定义实例的打印字符串
- class Person: CustomStringConvertible {
- var age: Int
- var name: String
-
- init(age: Int, name: String) {
- self.age = age
- self.name = name
- }
-
- var description: String {
- "age = \(age), name = \(name)"
- }
- }
-
- var p = Person(age: 10, name: "Jack")
- print(p) // age = 10, name = Jack