• Netty——ByteBuffer消息粘包、半包示例


    一、 ByteBuffer消息粘包、消息半包的概述

    • NIO是面向缓冲区进行通信的,不是面向流的。既然是缓冲区,那它一定存在一个固定大小。这样一来通常会遇到两个问题:
    • 消息粘包:当缓冲区足够大,由于网络不稳定种种原因,可能会有多条消息从通道读入缓冲区,此时如果无法分清数据包之间的界限,就会导致粘包问题;
    • 消息半包:若消息没有接收完,缓冲区就被填满了,会导致从缓冲区取出的消息不完整,即半包的现象。

    二、示例需求

    网络上有多条数据发送给服务端,数据之间使用 \n 进行分隔,但由于某种原因这些数据在接收时,被进行了重新组合,例如原始数据有3条:

    • Hello,world\n
    • I’m zhangsan\n
    • How are you?\n

    变成了下面的两个 byteBuffer (黏包,半包)

    • Hello,world\nI’m zhangsan\nHo
    • w are you?\n

    现在要求你编写程序,将错乱的数据恢复成原始的按 \n 分隔的数据

    三、示例代码

    • 需求代码

      package com.example.nettytest.nio.day1;
      
      import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
      import static com.example.nettytest.nio.day1.ByteBufferUtil.debugAll;
      /**
       * @description:
       * @author: xz
       * @create: 2022-07-26 21:10
       */
      public class TestByteBufferExam {
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              //分配一个新的字节缓冲区,容量为50
              ByteBuffer sourceByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(50);
              //写入数据
              sourceByteBuffer.put("Hello,world\nI'm zhangsan\nHo".getBytes());
      
              split(sourceByteBuffer);
              //再次写入数据
              sourceByteBuffer.put("w are you?\n".getBytes());
      
              split(sourceByteBuffer);
          }
          /**
           * 将错乱的数据恢复成原始的按 \n 分隔的数据方法
           * */
          public static void split(ByteBuffer sourceByteBuffer){
              //flip 切换到读模式
              sourceByteBuffer.flip();
              for(int i = 0; i < sourceByteBuffer.limit(); i++){
                  if(sourceByteBuffer.get(i) =='\n'){//找到一条完整消息
                      //换行符索引+1-起始位置
                      int length =i + 1- sourceByteBuffer.position();
                      // 把此条完整消息存入新的 ByteBuffer
                      ByteBuffer targetByteBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(length);
                      for(int j=0;j<length;j++){
                          targetByteBuffer.put(sourceByteBuffer.get());
                      }
                      //打印byteBuffer中所有内容
                      debugAll(targetByteBuffer);
                  }
              }
              //compact 把未读完的部分向前压缩,然后切换至写模式
              sourceByteBuffer.compact();
          }
      }
      
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    • 输出ByteBuffer结构的工具类

      package com.example.nettytest.nio.day1;
      
      import io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil;
      
      import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
      
      import static io.netty.util.internal.MathUtil.isOutOfBounds;
      import static io.netty.util.internal.StringUtil.NEWLINE;
      
      public class ByteBufferUtil {
          private static final char[] BYTE2CHAR = new char[256];
          private static final char[] HEXDUMP_TABLE = new char[256 * 4];
          private static final String[] HEXPADDING = new String[16];
          private static final String[] HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES = new String[65536 >>> 4];
          private static final String[] BYTE2HEX = new String[256];
          private static final String[] BYTEPADDING = new String[16];
      
          static {
              final char[] DIGITS = "0123456789abcdef".toCharArray();
              for (int i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
                  HEXDUMP_TABLE[i << 1] = DIGITS[i >>> 4 & 0x0F];
                  HEXDUMP_TABLE[(i << 1) + 1] = DIGITS[i & 0x0F];
              }
      
              int i;
      
              // Generate the lookup table for hex dump paddings
              for (i = 0; i < HEXPADDING.length; i++) {
                  int padding = HEXPADDING.length - i;
                  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding * 3);
                  for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) {
                      buf.append("   ");
                  }
                  HEXPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
              }
      
              // Generate the lookup table for the start-offset header in each row (up to 64KiB).
              for (i = 0; i < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length; i++) {
                  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(12);
                  buf.append(NEWLINE);
                  buf.append(Long.toHexString(i << 4 & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
                  buf.setCharAt(buf.length() - 9, '|');
                  buf.append('|');
                  HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[i] = buf.toString();
              }
      
              // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-hex-dump conversion
              for (i = 0; i < BYTE2HEX.length; i++) {
                  BYTE2HEX[i] = ' ' + StringUtil.byteToHexStringPadded(i);
              }
      
              // Generate the lookup table for byte dump paddings
              for (i = 0; i < BYTEPADDING.length; i++) {
                  int padding = BYTEPADDING.length - i;
                  StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder(padding);
                  for (int j = 0; j < padding; j++) {
                      buf.append(' ');
                  }
                  BYTEPADDING[i] = buf.toString();
              }
      
              // Generate the lookup table for byte-to-char conversion
              for (i = 0; i < BYTE2CHAR.length; i++) {
                  if (i <= 0x1f || i >= 0x7f) {
                      BYTE2CHAR[i] = '.';
                  } else {
                      BYTE2CHAR[i] = (char) i;
                  }
              }
          }
      
          /**
           * 打印所有内容
           * @param buffer
           */
          public static void debugAll(ByteBuffer buffer) {
              int oldlimit = buffer.limit();
              buffer.limit(buffer.capacity());
              StringBuilder origin = new StringBuilder(256);
              appendPrettyHexDump(origin, buffer, 0, buffer.capacity());
              System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- all ------------------------+----------------+");
              System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\n", buffer.position(), oldlimit);
              System.out.println(origin);
              buffer.limit(oldlimit);
          }
      
          /**
           * 打印可读取内容
           * @param buffer
           */
          public static void debugRead(ByteBuffer buffer) {
              StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder(256);
              appendPrettyHexDump(builder, buffer, buffer.position(), buffer.limit() - buffer.position());
              System.out.println("+--------+-------------------- read -----------------------+----------------+");
              System.out.printf("position: [%d], limit: [%d]\n", buffer.position(), buffer.limit());
              System.out.println(builder);
          }
      
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(10);
              buffer.put(new byte[]{97, 98, 99, 100});
              debugAll(buffer);
          }
      
          private static void appendPrettyHexDump(StringBuilder dump, ByteBuffer buf, int offset, int length) {
              if (isOutOfBounds(offset, length, buf.capacity())) {
                  throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(
                          "expected: " + "0 <= offset(" + offset + ") <= offset + length(" + length
                                  + ") <= " + "buf.capacity(" + buf.capacity() + ')');
              }
              if (length == 0) {
                  return;
              }
              dump.append(
                      "         +-------------------------------------------------+" +
                              NEWLINE + "         |  0  1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  a  b  c  d  e  f |" +
                              NEWLINE + "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");
      
              final int startIndex = offset;
              final int fullRows = length >>> 4;
              final int remainder = length & 0xF;
      
              // Dump the rows which have 16 bytes.
              for (int row = 0; row < fullRows; row++) {
                  int rowStartIndex = (row << 4) + startIndex;
      
                  // Per-row prefix.
                  appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, row, rowStartIndex);
      
                  // Hex dump
                  int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + 16;
                  for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                      dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                  }
                  dump.append(" |");
      
                  // ASCII dump
                  for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                      dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                  }
                  dump.append('|');
              }
      
              // Dump the last row which has less than 16 bytes.
              if (remainder != 0) {
                  int rowStartIndex = (fullRows << 4) + startIndex;
                  appendHexDumpRowPrefix(dump, fullRows, rowStartIndex);
      
                  // Hex dump
                  int rowEndIndex = rowStartIndex + remainder;
                  for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                      dump.append(BYTE2HEX[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                  }
                  dump.append(HEXPADDING[remainder]);
                  dump.append(" |");
      
                  // Ascii dump
                  for (int j = rowStartIndex; j < rowEndIndex; j++) {
                      dump.append(BYTE2CHAR[getUnsignedByte(buf, j)]);
                  }
                  dump.append(BYTEPADDING[remainder]);
                  dump.append('|');
              }
      
              dump.append(NEWLINE +
                      "+--------+-------------------------------------------------+----------------+");
          }
      
          private static void appendHexDumpRowPrefix(StringBuilder dump, int row, int rowStartIndex) {
              if (row < HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES.length) {
                  dump.append(HEXDUMP_ROWPREFIXES[row]);
              } else {
                  dump.append(NEWLINE);
                  dump.append(Long.toHexString(rowStartIndex & 0xFFFFFFFFL | 0x100000000L));
                  dump.setCharAt(dump.length() - 9, '|');
                  dump.append('|');
              }
          }
      
          public static short getUnsignedByte(ByteBuffer buffer, int index) {
              return (short) (buffer.get(index) & 0xFF);
          }
      }
      
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    • 输出结果
      在这里插入图片描述

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  • 原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/li1325169021/article/details/126003430