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Dubbo+Zookeeper的简单使用---实现RPC远程调用
一.理论知识学习
视频学习推荐:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ns411c7jV?p=4&vd_source=5d242c523ffcdeae19faea79735ffef6
1.什么是分布式系统
分布式系统是若干独立 计算机的集合，这些计算机对于用户来说就像单个相关系统。
2.什么是RPC
RPC协议是一种通过网络从远程计算机程序上请求服务，而不需要了解底层网络技术的协议。
3.什么是Apache Dubbo
Apache Dubbo 是一款微服务框架，为大规模微服务实践提供高性能 RPC 通信、流量治理、可观测性等解决方案，涵盖 Java、Golang 等多种语言 SDK 实现。
官网地址:https://dubbo.apache.org/zh/
4.Apache Dubbo部署架构（注册中心 配置中心 元数据中心）
官网学习地址:https://dubbo.apache.org/zh/docs/concepts/registry-configcenter-metadata/
服务提供者（Provider）：暴露服务的服务提供方，服务提供者在启动时，向注册中心注册自己提供的服务。
服务消费者（Consumer）:调用远程服务的服务消费方，服务消费者在启动时，向注册中心订阅自己所需的服务，服务消费者，从提供者地址列表中，基于软负载均衡算法，选一台提供者进行调用，如果调用失败，再选另一台调用。
注册中心（Registry）：注册中心返回服务提供者地址列表给消费者，如果有变更，注册中心将基于长连接推送变更数据给消费者。
监控中心（Monitor）：服务消费者和提供者，在内存中累计调用次数和调用时间，定时每分钟发送一次统计数据到监控中心。5.什么是Zookeeper
Zookeeper 是 Apache Hadoop 的子项目，是一个树型的目录服务，支持变更推送，适合作为 Dubbo 服务的注册中心，工业强度较高，可用于生产环境，并推荐使用。
官网学习地址:https://dubbo.apache.org/zh/docs/references/registry/zookeeper/
二.快速开始
1.SpringBoot(注解方式)
项目参照官网:https://github.com/apache/dubbo-samples,对应dubbo-samples下的dubbo-samples-spring-boot项目
Spring Boot 快速开发 Dubbo 服务官方博文:https://dubbo.apache.org/zh/docs/quick-start/
项目中所使用的注解含义,可参照官方文档:Dubbo 中使用注解
(1) 项目搭建
创建一个名为dubbo-springboot-parent的maven项目作为父工程,在该项目下创建三个Module(都为Maven项目)分别为:
- dubbo-springboot-consumer 消费者
- dubbo-springboot-interface 服务接口
- dubbo-springboot-provider 生产者
(2) 项目的依赖配置与管理
dubbo-springboot-parent 的Maven配置如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion> <groupId>comdudugroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-springboot-parentartifactId> <packaging>pompackaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion> <modules> <module>dubbo-springboot-interfacemodule> <module>dubbo-springboot-providermodule> <module>dubbo-springboot-consumermodule> modules> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>8maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>8maven.compiler.target> <spring.version>4.3.16.RELEASEspring.version> <dubbo.version>3.0.7dubbo.version> <junit.version>4.12junit.version> <slf4j-log4j12.version>1.7.25slf4j-log4j12.version> <spring-boot.version>2.3.1.RELEASEspring-boot.version> <spring-boot-maven-plugin.version>2.1.4.RELEASEspring-boot-maven-plugin.version> properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-dependenciesartifactId> <version>${spring-boot.version}version> <type>pomtype> <scope>importscope> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-bomartifactId> <version>${dubbo.version}version> <type>pomtype> <scope>importscope> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeperartifactId> <version>${dubbo.version}version> <type>pomtype> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junitgroupId> <artifactId>junitartifactId> <version>${junit.version}version> <scope>testscope> dependency> dependencies> dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId> <artifactId>slf4j-apiartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4jgroupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12artifactId> <version>${slf4j-log4j12.version}version> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4jgroupId> <artifactId>log4jartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junitgroupId> <artifactId>junitartifactId> <scope>testscope> dependency> dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.pluginsgroupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-pluginartifactId> <version>3.7.0version> <configuration> <source>1.8source> <target>1.8target> configuration> plugin> plugins> build> project>- 1
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dubbo-springboot-interface的Maven配置如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>dubbo-springboot-parentartifactId> <groupId>comdudugroupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion> parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion> <groupId>com.dudugroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-springboot-interfaceartifactId> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>8maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>8maven.compiler.target> properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId> <artifactId>dubboartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeperartifactId> <type>pomtype> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-spring-boot-starterartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starterartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-autoconfigureartifactId> dependency> dependencies> project>- 1
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dubbo-springboot-consumer和dubbo-springboot-provider导入interface的依赖(实际开发中将依赖放在common中,其他模块导入common的依赖)
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.dudugroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-springboot-interfaceartifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion> dependency> dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-pluginartifactId> <version>${spring-boot-maven-plugin.version}version> <executions> <execution> <goals> <goal>repackagegoal> goals> execution> executions> plugin> plugins> build>- 1
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(3) 在dubbo-springboot-interface模块中编写一个名为SayHelloService接口
(4) 在dubbo-springboot-provider模块中编写SayHelloService接口的实现类
SyaHelloServiceImpl接口实现类:
application.yaml配置文件:dubbo: application: name: dubbo-springboot-demo-provider protocol: name: dubbo port: 20887 registry: id: zk-registry address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181 config-center: address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181 metadata-report: address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181- 1
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ProviderApplication:启动类
EmbeddedZooKeeper类可以通过代码方式启动ZooKeeper,启动代码如下:new EmbeddedZooKeeper(2181, false).start();- 1
(5) 在dubbo-springboot-consumer模块中编写相应代码调用sayHello()方法
ConsumerApplication启动类:
application.yaml配置文件:dubbo: application: name: dubbo-springboot-demo-consumer protocol: name: dubbo port: 20887 registry: id: zk-registry address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181 config-center: address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181 metadata-report: address: zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181- 1
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(6) 测试（Windows环境下）
Zookeeper的安装可以参考这一篇博文:https://blog.csdn.net/ring300/article/details/80446918
Linux环境下可以参照官方博文：https://dubbo.apache.org/zh/docsv2.7/admin/install/zookeeper/Windows环境下启动ZooKeeper:
启动ProviderApplication:
启动ConsumerApplication:
2.Spring(XML配置方式)
项目参照官网:https://github.com/apache/dubbo-samples,对应dubbo-samples下的dubbo-samples-basic项目
XML 配置方式官方博文:https://dubbo.apache.org/zh/docs/references/configuration/xml/
(1) 项目搭建
创建一个名为dubbo-parent的maven项目作为父工程,在该项目下创建三个Module(都为Maven项目)分别为:
- dubbo-consumer 消费者
- dubbo-api服务接口
- dubbo-producer生产者
(2) 项目的依赖配置与管理
dubbo-parent的Maven的依赖配置如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion> <groupId>com.dudugroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-parentartifactId> <packaging>pompackaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion> <modules> <module>dubbo-apimodule> <module>dubbo-producermodule> <module>dubbo-consumermodule> modules> <properties> <source.level>1.8source.level> <target.level>1.8target.level> <dubbo.version>3.0.7dubbo.version> <junit.version>4.12junit.version> <spring.version>4.3.16.RELEASEspring.version> properties> <dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId> <artifactId>spring-framework-bomartifactId> <version>${spring.version}version> <type>pomtype> <scope>importscope> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-bomartifactId> <version>${dubbo.version}version> <type>pomtype> <scope>importscope> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeperartifactId> <version>${dubbo.version}version> <type>pomtype> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junitgroupId> <artifactId>junitartifactId> <version>${junit.version}version> dependency> dependencies> dependencyManagement> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>junitgroupId> <artifactId>junitartifactId> <scope>testscope> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframeworkgroupId> <artifactId>spring-testartifactId> <scope>testscope> dependency> dependencies> project>- 1
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dubbo-api的Maven的依赖配置如下:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <parent> <artifactId>dubbo-parentartifactId> <groupId>com.dudugroupId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion> parent> <modelVersion>4.0.0modelVersion> <artifactId>dubbo-apiartifactId> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId> <artifactId>dubboartifactId> dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.dubbogroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-dependencies-zookeeperartifactId> <type>pomtype> dependency> dependencies> project>- 1
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dubbo-consumer和dubbo-producer导入dubbo-api的依赖(实际开发中将依赖放在common中,其他模块导入common的依赖):
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>com.dudugroupId> <artifactId>dubbo-apiartifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOTversion> dependency> dependencies>- 1
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(3) 在dubbo-api模块中编写一个名为IDemoService接口
(4) 在dubbo-producer模块中编写IDemoService接口的实现类
spring-dubbo-producer.xml配置文件:<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> <dubbo:application name="dubbo-demo-producer"/> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/> <dubbo:protocol name="dubbo" port="20887"/> <bean id="demoService" class="com.dudu.dubbo.api.impl.DemoServiceImpl"/> <dubbo:service interface="com.dudu.dubbo.api.IDemoService" ref="demoService"/> beans>- 1
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启动类Main:
(5) 在dubbo-consumer模块中编写相应代码调用sayHello()方法
Main启动类:
package com.dudu.dubbo; import com.dudu.dubbo.api.IDemoService; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { ClassPathXmlApplicationContext classPathXmlApplicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(new String[]{"spring-dubbo-consumer.xml"}); classPathXmlApplicationContext.start(); IDemoService iDemoService = (IDemoService) classPathXmlApplicationContext.getBean("demoService"); System.out.println("这里是消费者:"); while (true) { Thread.sleep(1000); System.out.println(iDemoService.sayHello()); } } }- 1
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spring-dubbo-consumer.xml配置文件:
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:dubbo="http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo http://code.alibabatech.com/schema/dubbo/dubbo.xsd"> <dubbo:application name="dubbo-demo-producer"/> <dubbo:registry address="zookeeper://127.0.0.1:2181"/> <dubbo:reference id="demoService" check="false" interface="com.dudu.dubbo.api.IDemoService"/> beans>- 1
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(6) 测试
(zookeeper在前面已经启动了,这里不在启动)
启动生产者Main:
启动消费者Main:
三.Dubbo Admin
1.什么是dubbo-admin
dubbo-admin(又叫管理控制台),作为dubbo的监控中心目前的管理控制台已经发布 0.1 版本，结构上采取了前后端分离的方式，前端使用 Vue 和 Vuetify 分别作为 Javascript 框架和UI框架，后端采用 Spring Boot 框架。既可以按照标准的 Maven 方式进行打包，部署，也可以采用前后端分离的部署方式，方便开发，功能上，目前具备了服务查询，服务治理(包括 Dubbo 2.7 中新增的治理规则)以及服务测试三部分内容。
部署方式,参照官方博文:https://dubbo.apache.org/zh/docs/v2.7/admin/ops/introduction/
dubbo-admin的github地址:https://github.com/apache/dubbo-admin/tree/master
2.安装
我采用的是Maven方式部署,dubbo admin的服务启动必须要先启动zookeeper之后才能够启动。
(1) 项目clone
git clone https://github.com/apache/dubbo-admin.git- 1
(2) 修改项目的配置文件(修改端口号)
修改配置文件,在项目dubbo-admin\dubbo-admin-server\src\main\resources\application.properties中:
添加server.port=7001修改网页启动的端口号
(3) 项目clean
cd dubbo-admin mvn clean package- 1
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(4) 启动项目
cd dubbo-admin-distribution/target java -jar dubbo-admin-0.1.jar- 1
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其实启动的就是生成的dubbo-admin-0.4.0.jar:
(5) 访问
通过http://localhost:7001访问(账号和密码默认都为root)
3.启动XML方式项目的生产者和消费者Main
(zookeeper在前面已经启动了,这里不在启动)
启动生产者Main:
启动消费者Main:
网页访问http://localhost:7001访问(账号和密码默认都为root)
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42753193/article/details/125812074
