• 关于imx8mp的es8316的芯片调试

    文章目录


    记录在imx8mp上调试音频芯片es8316的笔记，因为在这个平台上是第一次调试这个芯片，遇到的一些问题比较多，做一次笔记

    一、驱动配置

    1.1 dts配置

    
diff --git a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/freescale/vt_sbc_mx8mp_biol.dts b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/freescale/vt_sbc_mx8mp_biol.dts
index 1389f9a2ada5..9372cd63b3a5 100755
--- a/arch/arm64/boot/dts/freescale/vt_sbc_mx8mp_biol.dts
+++ b/arch/arm64/boot/dts/freescale/vt_sbc_mx8mp_biol.dts
@@ -188,8 +188,18 @@ bt_sco_codec: bt_sco_codec {
                compatible = "linux,bt-sco";
        };
 
+       sound-es8316 {
+               compatible = "fsl,imx-audio-es8316";
+               model = "imx-audio-es8316";
+               audio-cpu = <&sai3>;
+               audio-codec = <&codec_es8316>;
+               audio-routing = 
+                       "Ext Spk", "HPOL",
+                       "Ext Spk", "HPOR";
+               };



&i2c1 {

+       codec_es8316: es8316@10 {
+               compatible = "everest,es8316";
+               reg = <0x10>;
+               clocks = <&audio_blk_ctrl IMX8MP_CLK_AUDIO_BLK_CTRL_SAI3_MCLK1>;
+               clock-names = "mclk";
+       };
 };


    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23
    • 24
    • 25
    • 26
    • 27
    • 28
    • 29
    • 30
    • 31

    1.2 cpu端的配置

    因为es8316并不在fsl-asoc-card.c的默认配置内，所以我们需要自己去添加配置：

    +++ b/sound/soc/fsl/fsl-asoc-card.c
@@ -43,6 +43,7 @@ enum fsl_asoc_card_type {
        CARD_WM8960,
        CARD_WM8962,
        CARD_SGTL5000,
+       CARD_ES8316,
        CARD_AC97,
        CARD_CS427X,
        CARD_TLV320AIC32X4,
@@ -307,7 +308,7 @@ static int fsl_asoc_card_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
        priv->streams &= ~BIT(substream->stream);
        return ret;
 }
-
+#if 0
 /*power off amp*/
 static int  direction_output_high(struct platform_device *pdev)
 {
@@ -357,7 +358,7 @@ static int  direction_output_low(struct platform_device *pdev)
 
     return 0;
 }
-
+#endif
 static int fsl_asoc_card_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
 {
        struct snd_soc_pcm_runtime *rtd = substream->private_data;
@@ -365,11 +366,11 @@ static int fsl_asoc_card_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
        struct codec_priv *codec_priv = &priv->codec_priv;
        struct device *dev = rtd->card->dev;
        int ret;
-       
-
        priv->streams &= ~BIT(substream->stream);
 
        if (!priv->streams && codec_priv->pll_id && codec_priv->fll_id) {
@@ -391,6 +392,7 @@ static int fsl_asoc_card_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
                }
        }
 
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -405,14 +407,11 @@ static int fsl_asoc_card_startup(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
        int ret;
        int gpio;
        gpio = gpio_get_value(amp_en);

        if (priv->card_type == CARD_CS42888) {
                if (priv->codec_priv.mclk_freq % 12288000 == 0) {
                        support_rates[0] = 48000;
@@ -448,7 +447,7 @@ static int fsl_asoc_card_startup(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
                        return ret;
 
        }
-
        return 0;
 }
 
@@ -861,6 +860,10 @@ static int fsl_asoc_card_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
                priv->codec_priv.mclk_id = SGTL5000_SYSCLK;
                priv->dai_fmt |= SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM;
                priv->card_type = CARD_SGTL5000;
+       } else if (of_device_is_compatible(np, "fsl,imx-audio-es8316")) {
+               codec_dai_name = "ES8316 HiFi";
+               priv->dai_fmt |= SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBS_CFS;
+               priv->card_type = CARD_ES8316;
        } else if (of_device_is_compatible(np, "fsl,imx-audio-tlv320aic32x4")) {
                codec_dai_name = "tlv320aic32x4-hifi";
                priv->dai_fmt |= SND_SOC_DAIFMT_CBM_CFM;
@@ -1230,6 +1233,7 @@ static const struct of_device_id fsl_asoc_card_dt_ids[] = {
        { .compatible = "fsl,imx-audio-cs427x", },
        { .compatible = "fsl,imx-audio-tlv320aic32x4", },
        { .compatible = "fsl,imx-audio-sgtl5000", },
+       { .compatible = "fsl,imx-audio-es8316", },
        { .compatible = "fsl,imx-audio-wm8962", },
        { .compatible = "fsl,imx-audio-wm8960", },
        { .compatible = "fsl,imx-audio-mqs", },


    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23
    • 24
    • 25
    • 26
    • 27
    • 28
    • 29
    • 30
    • 31
    • 32
    • 33
    • 34
    • 35
    • 36
    • 37
    • 38
    • 39
    • 40
    • 41
    • 42
    • 43
    • 44
    • 45
    • 46
    • 47
    • 48
    • 49
    • 50
    • 51
    • 52
    • 53
    • 54
    • 55
    • 56
    • 57
    • 58
    • 59
    • 60
    • 61
    • 62
    • 63
    • 64
    • 65
    • 66
    • 67
    • 68
    • 69
    • 70
    • 71
    • 72
    • 73
    • 74
    • 75
    • 76
    • 77
    • 78
    • 79

    1.3 添加驱动

    这个就直接添加在对应的Makefile文件里面去就好了，编译完后生成对应的驱动文件就行。
    这个还有一个比较坑的地方再与，es8316的默认配置是关闭了的，所以你即使成功的加载驱动，你也无法发出声音，这个可以用tinymix进行修改。

    evk_8mp:/ # tinymix                                                                                     
Mixer name: 'imx-audio-es8316'
Number of controls: 35
ctl	type	num	name                                     value

0	INT	2	Headphone Playback Volume                3 3
1	INT	2	Headphone Mixer Volume                   0 0
2	ENUM	1	Playback Polarity                        Normal
3	INT	2	DAC Playback Volume                      192 192 //默认是 0
4	BOOL	1	DAC Soft Ramp Switch                     Off
5	INT	1	DAC Soft Ramp Rate                       4
6	BOOL	1	DAC Notch Filter Switch                  Off
7	BOOL	1	DAC Double Fs Switch                     Off
8	INT	1	DAC Stereo Enhancement                   0
9	BOOL	1	DAC Mono Mix Switch                      Off
10	ENUM	1	Capture Polarity                         Normal
11	BOOL	1	Mic Boost Switch                         On
12	INT	1	ADC Capture Volume                       0
13	INT	1	ADC PGA Gain Volume                      0
14	BOOL	1	ADC Soft Ramp Switch                     On
15	BOOL	1	ADC Double Fs Switch                     Off
16	BOOL	1	ALC Capture Switch                       Off
17	INT	1	ALC Capture Max Volume                   28
18	INT	1	ALC Capture Min Volume                   0
19	INT	1	ALC Capture Target Volume                11
20	INT	1	ALC Capture Hold Time                    0
21	INT	1	ALC Capture Decay Time                   3
22	INT	1	ALC Capture Attack Time                  2
23	BOOL	1	ALC Capture Noise Gate Switch            Off
24	INT	1	ALC Capture Noise Gate Threshold         0
25	ENUM	1	ALC Capture Noise Gate Type              Constant PGA Gain
26	ENUM	1	Differential Mux                         lin1-rin1
27	ENUM	1	Digital Mic Mux                          dmic disable
28	ENUM	1	DAC Source Mux                           LDATA TO LDAC, RDATA TO RDAC
29	ENUM	1	Left Headphone Mux                       lin1-rin1
30	ENUM	1	Right Headphone Mux                      lin1-rin1
31	BOOL	1	Left Headphone Mixer LLIN Switch         Off
32	BOOL	1	Left Headphone Mixer Left DAC Switch     on //默认是off
33	BOOL	1	Right Headphone Mixer RLIN Switch        Off
34	BOOL	1	Right Headphone Mixer Right DAC Switch   on //默认是off


    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23
    • 24
    • 25
    • 26
    • 27
    • 28
    • 29
    • 30
    • 31
    • 32
    • 33
    • 34
    • 35
    • 36
    • 37
    • 38
    • 39
    • 40
    • 41

    主要是修改这三个对应的寄存器
    最开始我是在驱动中直接操作的寄存器：

         * Documentation for this register is unclear and incomplete,
     * but here is a vendor-provided value that improves volume
     * and quality for Intel CHT platforms.
     */
    snd_soc_component_write(component, ES8316_CLKMGR_ADCOSR, 0x32);
    /* 后面默认去添加 这三个寄存器的配置，然后就会修改对应的配置*/
    //snd_soc_component_write(component, ES8316_HPMIX_SWITCH, 0x88);
    //snd_soc_component_write(component, ES8316_DAC_VOLL, 0x00);
    //snd_soc_component_write(component, ES8316_DAC_VOLR, 0x00);

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9

    1.4 对应的验证

    不出意外，你现在可以通过cat /proc/asound/cards
    看到会有对应的 imx-audio-es8316的声卡配置

    130|evk_8mp:/ # cat /proc/asound/cards                                                                                                                                     
 0 [imxaudioes8316 ]: imx-audio-es831 - imx-audio-es8316
                      imx-audio-es8316
 1 [imxaudiomicfil ]: imx-audio-micfi - imx-audio-micfil
                      imx-audio-micfil
evk_8mp:/ # 


    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7

    同样的可以通过 tinypcminfo 看到对应的信息

    evk_8mp:/ # tinypcminfo -D 0 -d 0                                                                                                                                          
Info for card 0, device 0:

PCM out:
      Access:	0x000009
   Format[0]:	0x000044
   Format[1]:	00000000
 Format Name:	S16_LE, S24_LE
   Subformat:	0x000001
        Rate:	min=16000Hz	max=48000Hz
    Channels:	min=1		max=2
 Sample bits:	min=16		max=32
 Period size:	min=32		max=32767
Period count:	min=2		max=8192

PCM in:
      Access:	0x000009
   Format[0]:	0x000044
   Format[1]:	00000000
 Format Name:	S16_LE, S24_LE
   Subformat:	0x000001
        Rate:	min=16000Hz	max=48000Hz
    Channels:	min=1		max=2
 Sample bits:	min=16		max=32
 Period size:	min=32		max=32767
Period count:	min=2		max=8192
evk_8mp:/ # 


    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23
    • 24
    • 25
    • 26
    • 27
    • 28

    如果硬件接线没有问题的话，你就可以使用 tinymix的工具进行录音和播放了,因为nxp的接线有些问题，会导致对应的声卡的RLCK这个数据只有1.8v-0.9v的幅值，而不是1.8v-0v，所以这个时候你的声音是没法出来的。当时我还以为是我软件的问题，干了好久都没干出来。

    二、device目录下的配置

    上述修改完成后，我的情况是可以播放音乐，但是无法通过对应的录音工具进行录音.
    我打开对应的alsa的DEBUG宏添加对应的打印后
    查看log后发现：

    07-01 07:40:22.095  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: parse /vendor/etc/configs/audio/micfil_config.json
07-01 07:40:22.095  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 0, [CH0 Volume 5]
07-01 07:40:22.095  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 1, [CH1 Volume 5]
07-01 07:40:22.095  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 2, [CH2 Volume 5]
07-01 07:40:22.095  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 3, [CH3 Volume 5]
07-01 07:40:22.095  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 4, [CH4 Volume 5]
07-01 07:40:22.096  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 5, [CH5 Volume 5]
07-01 07:40:22.096  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 6, [CH6 Volume 5]
07-01 07:40:22.096  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 7, [CH7 Volume 5]
07-01 07:40:22.096  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: driver name imx-audio-micfi, bus name (null), out_devices 0x0, in_devices 0x80000004, out_vol[0, 255], dsd 0, hfp 0, hdmi 0, multi_chn 0, out period_size 0, out period_count 0, in period_size 0, in period_count 0, secondary_bus_name: (null)
07-01 07:40:22.096  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: parse /vendor/etc/configs/audio/btsco_config.json
07-01 07:40:22.096  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: driver name bt-sco-audio, bus name (null), out_devices 0x70, in_devices 0x80000008, out_vol[0, 255], dsd 0, hfp 1, hdmi 0, multi_chn 0, out period_size 0, out period_count 0, in period_size 0, in period_count 0, secondary_bus_name: (null)
07-01 07:40:22.096  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: parse /vendor/etc/configs/audio/hdmi_config.json
07-01 07:40:22.096  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: driver name audio-hdmi, bus name (null), out_devices 0x400, in_devices 0x0, out_vol[0, 255], dsd 0, hfp 0, hdmi 1, multi_chn 0, out period_size 0, out period_count 0, in period_size 0, in period_count 0, secondary_bus_name: (null)
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: parse /vendor/etc/configs/audio/wm8960_config.json
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 0, [Left Output Mixer PCM Playback Switch 1]
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 1, [Right Output Mixer PCM Playback Switch 1]
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 2, [Playback Volume 230]
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 3, [Speaker Playback Volume 120]
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 4, [Headphone Playback Volume 120]
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 0, [ALC Function 3]
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 1, [Left Input Mixer Boost Switch 1]
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 2, [ADC PCM Capture Volume 230]
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 3, [Capture Volume 60]
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_volume_control: ctl idx 0, name Playback Volume
07-01 07:40:22.097  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: driver name wm8960-audio, bus name bus1_system_sound_out, out_devices 0x102000e, in_devices 0x80000014, out_vol[0, 255], dsd 0, hfp 0, hdmi 0, multi_chn 0, out period_size 0, out period_count 0, in period_size 0, in period_count 0, secondary_bus_name: (null)
07-01 07:40:22.098  2122  2122 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> leave parse_all_cards, supported card num 4
07-01 07:40:22.098  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: cluo=========================================1===============
07-01 07:40:22.098  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: card0: imx-audio-es8316
07-01 07:40:22.098  2122  2122 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card name  = imx-audio-es8316
07-01 07:40:22.098  2122  2122 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card = (null)
07-01 07:40:22.098  2122  2122 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card = (null)
07-01 07:40:22.098  2122  2122 E audio_hw_primary: cluo---> !audio_card
07-01 07:40:22.098  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: cluo  scan_available_device: card imx-audio-es8316 is not supported


    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23
    • 24
    • 25
    • 26
    • 27
    • 28
    • 29
    • 30
    • 31
    • 32
    • 33
    • 34
    • 35

    他会去解析对应的 /vendor/etc/configs/audio/xxxxxx.json的文件配置
    但是没有es8316的默认配置，查看原来的wm8960的配置文件后，发现可以通过对应的json文件去修改配置

    diff --git a/common/audio-json/es8316_config.json b/common/audio-json/es8316_config.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..0b0f12e5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/audio-json/es8316_config.json
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+{
+  "driver_name": "imx-audio-es8316",
+  "supported_in_devices": ["builtin_mic"],
+  "bus_name": "bus1_system_sound_out",
+  "supported_out_devices": ["speaker"],
+
+  "init_ctl": [
+    {"name": "DAC Playback Volume", "type": "int", "val": 192},
+    {"name": "Left Headphone Mixer Left DAC Switch", "type": "int", "val": 1},
+    {"name": "Right Headphone Mixer Right DAC Switch", "type": "int", "val": 1}
+  ],
+
+  "builtin_mic_ctl": [
+    {"name": "ADC Capture Volume", "type": "int", "val": 192},
+    {"name": "ADC PGA Gain Volume", "type": "int", "val": 5}
+  ]
+}

    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23

    这个配置文件会去配置相关的设置，从这里也可以看出来这个配置文件中的name就是tinymix中的name。
    最重要的是他会通过"driver_name": “imx-audio-es8316”, 去添加声卡，不然的花你的声卡的不能使用的，也就是上面看到的这一行log

    07-01 07:40:22.098  2122  2122 I audio_hw_primary: cluo  scan_available_device: card imx-audio-es8316 is not supported

    • 1

    在添加完配置文件后再次查看log

    07-04 02:53:05.353  2205  2205 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: parse /vendor/etc/configs/audio/es8316_config.json
07-04 02:53:05.353  2205  2205 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 0, [DAC Playback Volume 192]
07-04 02:53:05.353  2205  2205 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 1, [Left Headphone Mixer Left DAC Switch 1]
07-04 02:53:05.353  2205  2205 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 2, [Right Headphone Mixer Right DAC Switch 1]
07-04 02:53:05.353  2205  2205 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 0, [ADC Capture Volume 150]
07-04 02:53:05.353  2205  2205 I audio_hw_primary: parse_control: ctl idx 1, [ADC PGA Gain Volume 3]
07-04 02:53:05.353  2205  2205 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: driver name imx-audio-es8316, bus name bus1_system_sound_out, out_devices 0x2, in_devices 0x80000004, out_vol[0, 255], dsd 0, hfp 0, hdmi 0, multi_chn 0, out period_size 0, out period_count 0, in period_size 0, in period_count 0, secondary_bus_name: (null)
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: parse /vendor/etc/configs/audio/btsco_config.json
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 I audio_hw_primary: parse_one_card: driver name bt-sco-audio, bus name (null), out_devices 0x70, in_devices 0x80000008, out_vol[0, 255], dsd 0, hfp 1, hdmi 0, multi_chn 0, out period_size 0, out period_count 0, in period_size 0, in period_count 0, secondary_bus_name: (null)
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> leave parse_all_cards, supported card num 5
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 I audio_hw_primary: cluo=========================================1===============
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 I audio_hw_primary: card0: imx-audio-es8316
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card name  = imx-audio-es8316
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card = P��
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card = P��
��-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card = 0
��-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card = 0
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card = ��
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card = ��
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card = 0
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: ����
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: cluo--> audio_card = 0
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: ����
07-04 02:53:05.354  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: cluo---> audio_card->driver_name
07-04 02:53:05.362  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary: PCM_FORMAT_S16_LE, format = 0
07-04 02:53:05.362  2205  2205 W audio_hw_primary: Supported input format imx-audio-es8316 , 0
07-04 02:53:05.362  2205  2205 E audio_hw_primary:  adev->audio_card_num = card_num =1, card_name = imx-audio-es8316


    • 1
    • 2
    • 3
    • 4
    • 5
    • 6
    • 7
    • 8
    • 9
    • 10
    • 11
    • 12
    • 13
    • 14
    • 15
    • 16
    • 17
    • 18
    • 19
    • 20
    • 21
    • 22
    • 23
    • 24
    • 25
    • 26
    • 27
    • 28

    声卡已经支持，我们也可以使用对应的apk进行录音和播放。
    之前没玩过imx8mp的音频，所以我也不知道会有这些东西，后面自己去实验后才发现对应框架以及使用，还是要去了解平台的相关知识阿。

  • 相关阅读:
    【linux驱动开发】-gpiolib概念与实践
    基于WEB平台的阅读APP设计与实现
    安卓开发Android studio学习笔记14：用户注册登录（案例演示）
    TCP习题总结
    Linux下JSON解析工具
    【Web服务器集群】企业化架构部署
    HTML期末大作业——游戏介绍(HTML+CSS+JavaScript) web前端开发技术 web课程设计网页规划与设计 Web大学生网页成品
    如何优雅的卸载linux上的todesk
    ideaSSM在线商务管理系统VS开发mysql数据库web结构java编程计算机网页源码maven项目
    RESTful风格学习笔记【包含示例】
  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_51178981/article/details/125598928