less命令也是对文件或其它输出进行分页显示的工具,功能极其强大。less 的用法比起 more 更加有弹性。前面more介绍中,按b可以向前翻页, 按空格向后翻页, less 可以使用 [pageup] [pagedown] 等按键的功能来往前往后翻看文件,更容易用来查看一个文件的内容!除此之外,在 less 里头可以拥有更多的搜索功能,不止可以向下搜,也可以向上搜。最主要的区别:less 在查看之前不会加载整个文件。
less [参数] 文件
less 与 more 类似,但使用 less 可以随意浏览文件,而且 less 在查看之前不会加载整个文件。显示方面,显示内容方式不是输出到窗口,而是类似vi打开的文件一样,退出按q。
命令:
less test1.txt
输出:
ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:~/less$ less test1.txt
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
如果显示END了 按 q退出,没有的情况下可以按page up page down 上下翻页,也可用上下键一行行上下翻动。
命令:
ps -ef |less
输出:
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 2 0 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_gp]
root 4 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_par_gp]
root 5 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:0-events]
root 6 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H-kblockd]
root 7 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/0:1-events]
root 9 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [mm_percpu_wq]
root 10 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 11 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_sched]
root 12 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root 13 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [idle_inject/0]
root 14 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [cpuhp/0]
root 15 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [cpuhp/1]
root 16 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [idle_inject/1]
root 17 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [migration/1]
root 18 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/1]
root 20 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [kworker/1:0H-kblockd]
root 21 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [kdevtmpfs]
root 22 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [netns]
root 23 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [rcu_tasks_kthre]
root 24 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [kauditd]
root 25 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [khungtaskd]
root 26 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [oom_reaper]
root 27 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [writeback]
root 28 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [kcompactd0]
root 29 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [ksmd]
root 30 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [khugepaged]
root 76 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [kintegrityd]
root 77 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [kblockd]
root 78 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [blkcg_punt_bio]
root 80 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [tpm_dev_wq]
root 81 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [ata_sff]
root 82 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [md]
root 83 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [edac-poller]
root 84 2 0 13:42 ? 00:00:00 [devfreq_wq]
:
命令:
history | less
输出:
1
2 ls
3 cd ..
4 ls
5 cd home/
6 ls
7 cd lighthouse/
8 ls
9 cd ~
10 cd ../b
11 cd ../../boot/
12 ls
13 cd ~
14 cd -
15 ls
16 1.15.78.2011.15.78.2011.15.78.2011.15.78.201/boot$ cd -
17 cd ../../boot/
18 file or directory
19 ntu:/$ cd ..
20 ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:/$ ls
21 bin boot cdrom data dev etc home lib lib32 lib64 libx32 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
22 ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:/$ cd home/
23 ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:/home$ ls
24 lighthouse ubuntu
25 ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:/home$ cd lighthouse/
26 ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse$ ls
27 cat linux-mv more mv test test1 touch
28 ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:/home/lighthouse$ cd ~
29 ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:~$ cd ../b
30 -bash: cd: ../b: No such file or directory
31 ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:~$ cd ../../boot/
32 ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:/boot$ ls
33 config-5.4.0-109-generic grub initrd.img initrd.img-5.4.0-109-generic initrd.img.old System.map-5.4.0-109-generic vmlinuz vmlinuz-5.4.0-10
9-generic vmlinuz.old
34 ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:/boot$ cd ~
35 ubuntu@VM-4-14-ubuntu:~$ cd -
:
命令:
less test1.txt test2.txt
执行结果
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
1
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
test1.txt (file 1 of 2) (END) - Next: test2.txt
说明:
输入 :n
后,切换到test2.txt,之后输入 :p
后,切换到test1.txt