本文主要学习Linux内核编程,结合Visual Studio 2019进行跨平台编程,内容包括高并发服务器的介绍、服务器代码封装(socket+epoll)、服务器/客户端测试

📘 高并发 是一种系统运行过程中遇到的一种 “短时间内遇到大量操作请求” 的情况
【主要发生在web系统集中大量访问收到大量请求】
🌰举个例子:12306的抢票情况;天猫双十一活动【突然下单一万张票,上万人下单购物】
该情况发生会导致系统在这段时间内执行大量操作,例如,对资源的请求,数据库的操作等

高并发相关常用的一些指标有:
1️⃣响应时间(Response Time)📗含义:系统对请求做出响应的时间
🌰举个例子:系统处理一个HTTP请求需要200ms,这个200ms就是系统的响应时间
2️⃣吞吐量(Throughput)
📗含义:单位时间内处理的请求数量
3️⃣每秒查询率QPS(Query Per Second)
📗含义 :每秒响应请求数
📖在互联网领域,这个指标和吞吐量区分的没有这么明显
4️⃣并发用户数
📗含义:同时承载正常使用系统功能的用户数量
🌰举个例子:例如一个即时通讯系统,同时在线量一定程度上代表了系统的并发用户数
“高并发和多线程” 总是被一起提起,给人感觉两者好像相等,实则 【高并发 ≠ 多线程】
1️⃣多线程
- 多线程是java的特性,因为现在CPU都是多核多线程的,可以同时执行几个任务,为了提高jvm的执行效率,java提供了这种多线程的机制,以增强数据处理效率
- 多线程对应的是CPU,高并发对应的是访问请求,可以用单线程处理所有访问请求,也可以用多线程同时处理访问请求
- 在过去单CPU时代,单任务在一个时间点只能执行单一程序。之后发展到多任务阶段,计算机能在同一时间点并行执行多任务或多进程
- 虽然并不是真正意义上的 “同一时间点”,而是多个任务或进程共享一个CPU,并交由操作系统来完成多任务间对CPU的运行切换,以使得每个任务都有机会获得一定的时间片运行
- 再后来发展到多线程技术,使得在一个程序内部能拥有多个线程并行执行。一个线程的执行可以被认为是一个CPU在执行该程序。当一个程序运行在多线程下,就好像有多个CPU在同时执行该程序
- 📗总结:多线程是处理高并发的一种编程方法,即并发需要用多线程实现
2️⃣高并发
- 高并发不是JAVA的专有的东西,是语言无关的广义的,为提供更好互联网服务而提出的概念
- 典型的场景:例如,12306抢火车票,天猫双十一秒杀活动等。该情况的发生会导致系统在这段时间内执行大量操作,例如对资源的请求,数据库的操作等。
- 如果高并发处理不好,不仅仅降低了用户的体验度(请求响应时间过长),同时可能导致系统宕机,严重的甚至导致OOM异常,系统停止工作等
- 如果,要想系统能够适应高并发状态,则需要从各个方面进行系统优化,包括,硬件、网络、系统架构、开发语言的选取、数据结构的运用、算法优化、数据库优化等,而多线程只是其中解决方法之一
- 🍔地址类
- 🍟socket基类
- 🍕TCP派生类
- 🍿epoll类
📍CHostAddress.h
- #pragma once
- #include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
- #include <sys/socket.h>
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <arpa/inet.h>
-
- class CHostAddress
- {
- public:
- CHostAddress(char* ip, unsigned short port);
- ~CHostAddress();
-
- char* getIp();
- void setIp(char* ip);
-
- unsigned short getPort();
- void setPort(unsigned short port);
-
- struct sockaddr_in getAddr_in();
- struct sockaddr* getAddr();
-
- int getLength();
-
- private:
- char ip[16]; //保存ip地址
- int length; //保存 sockaddr_in 结构体长度
- unsigned short port; //端口号
- struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
-
- };
📍CHostAddress.cpp
- #include "CHostAddress.h"
-
- CHostAddress::CHostAddress(char* ip, unsigned short port)
- {
- memset(this->ip, 0, sizeof(this->ip));
- strcpy(this->ip, ip);
-
- this->port = port;
-
- this->s_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
- this->s_addr.sin_port = htons(this->port);
- this->s_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(this->ip);
-
- this->length = sizeof(this->s_addr);
- }
-
- CHostAddress::~CHostAddress()
- {
-
- }
-
- char* CHostAddress::getIp()
- {
- return this->ip;
- }
-
- void CHostAddress::setIp(char* ip)
- {
- strcpy(this->ip, ip);
- }
-
- unsigned short CHostAddress::getPort()
- {
- return this->port;
- }
-
- void CHostAddress::setPort(unsigned short port)
- {
- this->port = port;
- }
-
- sockaddr_in CHostAddress::getAddr_in()
- {
- return this->s_addr;
- }
-
- sockaddr* CHostAddress::getAddr()
- {
- // bind函数需要用到struct sockaddr *,因此return类型转换之后数据
- return (struct sockaddr*)&(this->s_addr);
- }
-
- int CHostAddress::getLength()
- {
- return this->length;
- }
📍CBaseSocket.h
- #pragma once
-
- #include <sys/types.h> //socket头文件
- #include <sys/socket.h>//socket头文件
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
-
- class CBaseSocket
- {
- public:
- CBaseSocket(char* ip, unsigned short port);
- ~CBaseSocket();
- void Start();
- int getSocketFd();
- virtual void Run() = 0;//写成纯虚函数,子类来实现
- virtual void Stop() = 0;//写成纯虚函数,子类来实现
-
- protected:
- int socketFd;//写到受保护区,子类可以用到
-
- };
📍CBaseSocket.cpp
- #include "CBaseSocket.h"
-
- CBaseSocket::CBaseSocket(char* ip, unsigned short port)
- {
- this->socketFd = 0;
- }
-
- CBaseSocket::~CBaseSocket()
- {
- }
-
- void CBaseSocket::Start()
- {
- //打通网络通道
- this->socketFd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);//IPPROTO_TCP用0替换也行
-
- if (this->socketFd < 0)//大于0成功,小于0失败
- {
- perror("socket error");//socket创建失败
- }
-
- this->Run();//子类实现的run函数
- }
-
- int CBaseSocket::getSocketFd()
- {
- return this->socketFd;
- }
📍CTcpServer.h
- #pragma once
-
- #include<iostream>
- #include "CBaseSocket.h"
- #include "CHostAddress.h"
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <sys/types.h> /* See NOTES */
- #include <sys/socket.h>
-
- using namespace std;
-
- #define LISTEN_MAX_NUM 10
-
- class CTcpServer :
- public CBaseSocket
- {
- public:
- CTcpServer(char* ip, unsigned short port);
- ~CTcpServer();
- void Run();
- void Stop();
- CHostAddress* getAddress();
- void setAddress(CHostAddress* address);
-
- private:
- CHostAddress* address;//地址类
- };
📍CTcpServer.cpp
- #include "CTcpSever.h"
-
- CTcpServer::CTcpServer(char* ip, unsigned short port)
- :CBaseSocket(ip, port)
- {
- this->address = new CHostAddress(ip, port);
- }
-
- CTcpServer::~CTcpServer()
- {
- }
-
- void CTcpServer::Run()
- {
- int opt_val = 1;
- int res = 0;
-
- //端口复用 解决出现 adress already use的问题
- res = setsockopt(this->socketFd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (const void*)&opt_val, sizeof(opt_val));
- if (res == -1)
- {
- perror("setsockopt error");
- }
- //绑定端口号和地址 协议族
- res = bind(this->socketFd, this->address->getAddr(), this->address->getLength());
- if (res == -1)
- {
- perror("bind error");
- }
- //监听这个地址和端口有没有客户端来连接
- res = listen(this->socketFd, LISTEN_MAX_NUM);
- if (res == -1)
- {
- perror("listen error");
- }
- cout << "Server start success socketFd = " << this->socketFd << endl;
- }
-
- void CTcpServer::Stop()
- {
- if (this->socketFd != 0)
- {
- close(this->socketFd);
- this->socketFd = 0;
- }
- }
-
- CHostAddress* CTcpServer::getAddress()
- {
- return this->address;
- }
-
- void CTcpServer::setAddress(CHostAddress* address)
- {
- this->address = address;
- }
📍CEpollServer.h
- #pragma once
- #include <sys/epoll.h>
- #include <iostream>
- #include "CTcpSever.h"
-
- #define EPOLL_SIZE 5
-
- using namespace std;
-
- class CEpollServer
- {
- public:
- CEpollServer(char* ip, unsigned short port);
- ~CEpollServer();
- void Start();
-
- private:
- int epollfd;
- int epollwaitefd;
- int acceptFd;
- char buf[1024]; //存放客户端发来的消息
- struct epoll_event epollEvent;
- struct epoll_event epollEventArray[5];
- CTcpServer* tcp;//TCP类
-
- };
📍 CEpollServer.cpp
- #include "CEpollServer.h"
-
- CEpollServer::CEpollServer(char* ip, unsigned short port)
- {
- //初始化 TcpServer类
- this->tcp = new CTcpServer(ip, port);
- this->tcp->Start();
- cout << "socketFd = " << this->tcp->getSocketFd() << endl;
-
- //初始化数据成员
- this->epollfd = 0;
- this->epollwaitefd = 0;
- this->acceptFd = 0;
- bzero(this->buf, sizeof(this, buf));
-
- //事件结构体初始化
- bzero(&(this->epollEvent), sizeof(this->epollEvent));
- //绑定当前准备好的sockedfd(可用网络对象)
- this->epollEvent.data.fd = this->tcp->getSocketFd();
- //绑定事件为客户端接入事件
- this->epollEvent.events = EPOLLIN;
- //创建epoll
- this->epollfd = epoll_create(EPOLL_SIZE);
- //将已经准备好的网络描述符添加到epoll事件队列中
- epoll_ctl(this->epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, this->tcp->getSocketFd(), &(this->epollEvent));
- }
-
- CEpollServer::~CEpollServer()
- {
- }
-
- void CEpollServer::Start()
- {
- while (1)
- {
- cout << "epoll wait client" << endl;
- this->epollwaitefd = epoll_wait(this->epollfd, epollEventArray, EPOLL_SIZE, -1);
- if (this->epollwaitefd < 0)
- {
- perror("epoll wait error");
- }
- for (int i = 0; i < this->epollwaitefd; i++)
- {
- //判断是否有客户端上线
- if (epollEventArray[i].data.fd == this->tcp->getSocketFd())
- {
- cout << "网络_开始工作_等待客户端_上线" << endl;
- this->acceptFd = accept(this->tcp->getSocketFd(), NULL, NULL);
- cout << "acceptfd = " << this->acceptFd << endl;
-
- //上线的客户端描述符是acceptfd 绑定事件添加到epoll
- epollEvent.data.fd = this->acceptFd;
- epollEvent.events = EPOLLIN; //EPOLLIN表示对应的文件描述符可以读
- epoll_ctl(this->epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, this->acceptFd, &epollEvent);
- }
- else if (epollEventArray[i].events & EPOLLIN)
- {
- bzero(this->buf, sizeof(this->buf));
- int res = read(epollEventArray[i].data.fd, this->buf, sizeof(this->buf));
- if (res > 0)
- {
- cout << "服务器_收到 fd = " << epollEventArray[i].data.fd << " 送达数据: buf = " << this->buf << endl;
- }
- else if (res <= 0)
- {
- cout << "客户端 fd = " << epollEventArray[i].data.fd << " _掉线_" << endl;
- close(epollEventArray[i].data.fd);
-
- //从epoll中删除客户端描述符
- epollEvent.data.fd = epollEvent.data.fd;
- epollEvent.events = EPOLLIN;
- epoll_ctl(this->epollfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, epollEventArray[i].data.fd, &epollEvent);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
- #include <iostream>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/socket.h>
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include <arpa/inet.h>
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <string.h>
-
- using namespace std;
-
- int main()
- {
- int socketfd = 0;
- int acceptfd = 0;
- int len = 0;
- int res = 0;
- char buf[255] = { 0 };//初始化
-
- //初始化网络
- socketfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
- if (socketfd == -1)
- {
- perror("socket error");
- }
- else
- {
- struct sockaddr_in s_addr;
- //确定使用哪个协议族 ipv4
- s_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
-
- //填入服务器的ip地址 也可以是 127.0.0.1 (回环地址)
- s_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.48.129");
-
- //端口一个计算机有65535个 10000以下是操作系统自己使用的,自己定义的端口号为10000以后
- s_addr.sin_port = htons(12345); //自定义端口号为12345
-
- len = sizeof(s_addr);
-
- //绑定ip地址和端口号
- int res = connect(socketfd, (struct sockaddr*)&s_addr, len);
- if (res == -1)
- {
- perror("connect error");
- }
- else
- {
- while (1)
- {
- cout << "请输入内容:" << endl;
- cin >> buf;
- write(socketfd, buf, sizeof(buf));
- bzero(buf, sizeof(buf));
- }
- }
- }
- return 0;
- }
📍main.cpp
- #include <iostream>
- #include "CEpollServer.h"
-
- using namespace std;
-
- int main()
- {
- CEpollServer* epoll = new CEpollServer("192.168.48.129", 12345);
- epoll->Start();
- return 0;
- }
📍测试效果
通过Linux连接VS进行跨平台编程,上为本文设计的服务器,下为两个与之相连的客户端,在客户端1和客户端2中输入内容,服务器上能接收到相应的信息,即表示测试成功!如下动图所示:

参考:
https://www.csdn.net/tags/MtjaUgxsMzAzMjgtYmxvZwO0O0OO0O0O.html
【Linux】高并发服务器设计——socket封装_似末的博客-CSDN博客_linux socket 高并发
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