• 单元测试llll

    原则

    1. 含有单元测试代码的 go 文件必须以 _test.go 结尾
    2. 单元测试的函数名必须以 Test 开头，测试函数的签名必须接收一个指向 testing.T 类型的指针，并且不能返回任何值。
    3. 单元测试文件名 _test.go 前面的部分最好是被测试的函数所在的 go 文件的文件名。

    定义一个斐波拉契函数

    package test

func Fibonacci(n int) int {
	if n < 0 {
		return 0
	}
	if n == 0 {
		return 0
	}
	if n == 1 {
		return 1
	}
	return Fibonacci(n-1) + Fibonacci(n-2)
}

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    编写相应的测试方法

    package test

import (
	"testing"
)

func TestFibonacci(t *testing.T) {
	// 预先定义的一组斐波那契数列作为测试用例（表驱动）
	caseMap := map[int]int{
		0: 0,
		1: 1,
		2: 1,
		3: 2,
		4: 3,
		5: 5,
		6: 8,
		7: 13,
		8: 21,
	}

	for k, v := range caseMap {
		fib := Fibonacci(k)
		if v == fib {
			t.Logf("结果正确:n为%d,值为%d", k, fib)
		} else {
			t.Errorf("结果错误：期望%d,但是计算的值是%d", v, fib)
		}
	}
}

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    运行命令

    go test -v .//运行整组测试
g

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    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -v .
=== RUN   TestFibonacci
    fibonacci_test.go:24: 结果正确:n为5,值为5
    fibonacci_test.go:24: 结果正确:n为7,值为13
    fibonacci_test.go:24: 结果正确:n为0,值为0
    fibonacci_test.go:24: 结果正确:n为1,值为1
    fibonacci_test.go:24: 结果正确:n为2,值为1
    fibonacci_test.go:24: 结果正确:n为3,值为2
    fibonacci_test.go:24: 结果正确:n为4,值为3
    fibonacci_test.go:24: 结果正确:n为6,值为8
    fibonacci_test.go:24: 结果正确:n为8,值为21
--- PASS: TestFibonacci (0.00s)
PASS
ok  	gin-example/routers/test	0.503s


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    断言

    go get -u github.com/stretchr/testify

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    • Every assert func takes the testing.T object as the first argument. This is how it writes the errors out through the normal go test capabilities.
    • Every assert func returns a bool indicating whether the assertion was successful or not, this is useful for if you want to go on making further assertions under certain conditions.
    package test

import (
	"testing"
	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func TestFibonacci(t *testing.T) {
	// 预先定义的一组斐波那契数列作为测试用例（表驱动）
	caseMap := map[int]int{
		0: 0,
		1: 1,
		2: 1,
		3: 2,
		4: 3,
		5: 5,
		6: 8,
		7: 13,
		8: 21,
	}
	for k, v := range caseMap {
		fib := Fibonacci(k)
		assert.Equal(t, fib, v)
	}
}

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    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -v .
=== RUN   TestFibonacci
--- PASS: TestFibonacci (0.00s)
PASS
ok  	gin-example/routers/test	0.429s

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    常用assert

    • assert.Equal
    • assert.NotEqual
    • assert.Zero
    • assert.NotZero
    • assert.Nil
    • assert.NotNil

    将通用逻辑提取出来，使用setup()和teardown()方法

    package test

import (
	"fmt"
	"testing"

	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
)

func setup() {
	fmt.Println("test start")
}
func teardown() {
	fmt.Println("test end")
}
func TestMain(m *testing.M) {
	setup()
	m.Run()
	teardown()
}
func TestFibonacci(t *testing.T) {
	// 预先定义的一组斐波那契数列作为测试用例（表驱动）
	caseMap := map[int]int{
		0: 0,
		1: 1,
		2: 1,
		3: 2,
		4: 3,
		5: 5,
		6: 8,
		7: 13,
		8: 21,
	}

	for k, v := range caseMap {
		fib := Fibonacci(k)
		assert.Equal(t, fib, v)
	}
}

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    运行整组测试

    go test -v .

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    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -v .
test start
=== RUN   TestFibonacci
--- PASS: TestFibonacci (0.00s)
PASS
test end
ok  	gin-example/routers/test	3.055s

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    运行部分测试

    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -run TestFibonacci
test start
PASS
test end
ok  	gin-example/routers/test	0.120s

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    测试覆盖率

    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -cover .
ok  	gin-example/routers/test	0.449s	coverage: 85.7% of statements

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    go test -cover -coverprofile=c.out//保持测试结果
go tool cover -html=c.out//打开测试文件

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    测试结果

    mock

    go get -u github.com/golang/mock/gomock
go get -u github.com/golang/mock/mockgen

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    使用命令将源文件的接口生成mock对象：

    mockgen -source=[源文件] -destination=[生成后的mock文件] -package=[包名]

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    基准测试

    测量一个程序在固定工作负载下的性能

    • 文件必须以*_test.go的文件为结尾
    • 方法必须以Benchmark为前缀
    • 函数必须接受一个指向Benchmark类型的指针作为唯一参数，*testing.B
    • 不能有返回值
    func benchmarkFib(n int, b *testing.B) {
	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
		Fibonacci(n)
	}
}
func BenchmarkFib1(b *testing.B)  { benchmarkFib(1, b) }
func BenchmarkFib2(b *testing.B)  { benchmarkFib(2, b) }
func BenchmarkFib3(b *testing.B)  { benchmarkFib(3, b) }
func BenchmarkFib10(b *testing.B) { benchmarkFib(10, b) }
func BenchmarkFib20(b *testing.B) { benchmarkFib(20, b) }
func BenchmarkFib40(b *testing.B) { benchmarkFib(40, b) }

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    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -bench=.
test start
goos: darwin
goarch: arm64
pkg: gin-example/routers/test
BenchmarkFib1-8    	517390146	         2.029 ns/op
BenchmarkFib2-8    	255578442	         4.692 ns/op
BenchmarkFib3-8    	174335670	         6.912 ns/op
BenchmarkFib10-8   	 5110288	       235.6 ns/op
BenchmarkFib20-8   	   40770	     29509 ns/op
BenchmarkFib40-8   	       3	 453750430 ns/op
PASS
test end
ok  	gin-example/routers/test	11.015s

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    结合pprof分析

    • -cpuprofile [file]输出cpu性能文件
    • -memprofile [file]输出mem内存性能文件
    go tool pprof [file]//查看报告

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    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go tool pprof cpu.out
Type: cpu
Time: Jun 29, 2022 at 1:49pm (CST)
Duration: 10.69s, Total samples = 8.19s (76.64%)
Entering interactive mode (type "help" for commands, "o" for options)
(pprof)
(pprof) list BenchmarkRib1
no matches found for regexp: BenchmarkRib1
(pprof) list BenchmarkFib1
Total: 8.19s
ROUTINE ======================== gin-example/routers/test.BenchmarkFib1 in /Users/bjsl/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test/fibonacci_test.go
         0      1.05s (flat, cum) 12.82% of Total
         .          .     40:func benchmarkFib(n int, b *testing.B) {
         .          .     41:	for i := 0; i < b.N; i++ {
         .          .     42:		Fibonacci(n)
         .          .     43:	}
         .          .     44:}
         .      1.05s     45:func BenchmarkFib1(b *testing.B)  { benchmarkFib(1, b) }
         .          .     46:func BenchmarkFib2(b *testing.B)  { benchmarkFib(2, b) }
         .          .     47:func BenchmarkFib3(b *testing.B)  { benchmarkFib(3, b) }
         .          .     48:func BenchmarkFib10(b *testing.B) { benchmarkFib(10, b) }
         .          .     49:func BenchmarkFib20(b *testing.B) { benchmarkFib(20, b) }
         .          .     50:func BenchmarkFib40(b *testing.B) { benchmarkFib(40, b) }
ROUTINE ======================== gin-example/routers/test.BenchmarkFib10 in /Users/bjsl/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test/fibonacci_test.go
         0      1.18s (flat, cum) 14.41% of Total
         .          .     43:	}
         .          .     44:}
         .          .     45:func BenchmarkFib1(b *testing.B)  { benchmarkFib(1, b) }
         .          .     46:func BenchmarkFib2(b *testing.B)  { benchmarkFib(2, b) }
         .          .     47:func BenchmarkFib3(b *testing.B)  { benchmarkFib(3, b) }
         .      1.18s     48:func BenchmarkFib10(b *testing.B) { benchmarkFib(10, b) }
         .          .     49:func BenchmarkFib20(b *testing.B) { benchmarkFib(20, b) }
         .          .     50:func BenchmarkFib40(b *testing.B) { benchmarkFib(40, b) }
(pprof)

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    模糊测试

    https://go.dev/doc/tutorial/fuzz
    一种自动化的测试方法、通过连续不断地向程序提供输入，再通过fuzz来得到变异的输入，来尝试把函数跑崩，或是发现bug，可以暴露一些易被忽略的边界情形bug。因为无法预期输入，所以无法控制输出。Fuzzing 可以发现的漏洞包括 SQL 注入、缓冲区溢出、分布式拒绝服务攻击攻击和跨网站脚本攻击。一个xxx_test.go文件中，仅能有一个FuzzXXX测试函数。

    fuzz可变异的数据类型，仅为

    • ​​​​string​​,​​[]byte​​
    • ​​​​int​​,​​int8​​,​​int16​​,​​int32​​/​​rune​​,​​int64​​
    • ​​​​uint​​,​​uint8​​/​​byte​​,​​uint16​​,​​uint32​​,​​uint64​​
    • ​​​​float32​​,​​float64​​
    • ​​bool​​
    //待测试方法
func Reverse(s string) string {
	b := []byte(s)
	for i, j := 0, len(b)-1; i < len(b)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		b[i], b[j] = b[j], b[i]
	}
	return string(b)
}

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    package test

import (
	"testing"
	"unicode/utf8"
)
//一般的单元测试方法
func TestReverse(t *testing.T) {
	testcases := []struct {
		in, want string
	}{
		{"Hello, world", "dlrow ,olleH"},
		{" ", " "},
		{"!12345", "54321!"},
	}
	for _, tc := range testcases {
		rev := Reverse(tc.in)
		if rev != tc.want {
			t.Errorf("Reverse: %q, want %q", rev, tc.want)
		}
	}
}
//模糊测试方法
func FuzzReverse(f *testing.F) {
	testcase := []string{"Hello, world", " ", "!12345"}
	for _, tc := range testcase {
		f.Add(tc)
	}
	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, orig string) {
		rev := Reverse(orig)
		doubleRev := Reverse(rev)
		//将字符串反转两次看是否和原始值一致
		if orig != doubleRev {
			t.Errorf("Before: %q, after: %q", orig, doubleRev)
		}
		//反转的字符串是否任然为有效的 UTF-8格式
		if utf8.ValidString(orig) && !utf8.ValidString(rev) {
			t.Errorf("Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string %q", rev)
		}
	})
}

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    首先应该进行单元测试，确保种子正确输入

    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -run=TestReverse
test start
PASS
test end
ok  	gin-example/routers/test	0.106s

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    再进行模糊测试

    go test -fuzz=Fuzz

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    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -fuzz=Fuzz
test start
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 0/10 completed
failure while testing seed corpus entry: FuzzReverse/7fcf9968018c3cc4359d20ae4f526488bcd7ceb0b86fcf671e0267de4538c103
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 0/10 completed
--- FAIL: FuzzReverse (0.03s)
    --- FAIL: FuzzReverse (0.00s)
        reverse_test.go:35: Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string "\xb5\xd6"

FAIL
test end
exit status 1
FAIL	gin-example/routers/test	0.469s

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    如上所示，在模糊测试时发生失败，导致问题的输入会被写入种子语料库文件，该文件将在下次调用 go test 时运行，即使没有 -fuzz 标志。

    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test
test start
--- FAIL: FuzzReverse (0.00s)
    --- FAIL: FuzzReverse/7fcf9968018c3cc4359d20ae4f526488bcd7ceb0b86fcf671e0267de4538c103 (0.00s)
        reverse_test.go:35: Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string "\xb5\xd6"
FAIL
test end
exit status 1
FAIL	gin-example/routers/test	0.145s

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    查看导致失败的输入，打开写入 testdata/fuzz/FuzzReverse 目录的语料库文件。
    在这里插入图片描述
    添加日志信息

    t.Logf()

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    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -fuzz=Fuzz
test start
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 0/10 completed
failure while testing seed corpus entry: FuzzReverse/7fcf9968018c3cc4359d20ae4f526488bcd7ceb0b86fcf671e0267de4538c103
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 0/10 completed
--- FAIL: FuzzReverse (0.02s)
    --- FAIL: FuzzReverse (0.00s)
        reverse_test.go:35: Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string "\xb5\xd6"

FAIL
test end
exit status 1
FAIL	gin-example/routers/test	0.196s

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    整个种子语料库使用字符串，其中每个字符都是一个字节。但是，类似“泃”这样的字符可能需要几个字节。因此，逐字节逆转字符串将使多字节字符失效
    修复bug后，运行一次之前失败的测试用例来检验是否已经修复：

    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -run=FuzzReverse/7fcf9968018c3cc4359d20ae4f526488bcd7ceb0b86fcf671e0267de4538c103
test start
PASS
test end
ok  	gin-example/routers/test	0.448s
~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚

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    再次运行测试，发现了新的bug

    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -fuzz=Fuzz
test start
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 0/10 completed
fuzz: minimizing 38-byte failing input file
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 5/10 completed
--- FAIL: FuzzReverse (0.02s)
    --- FAIL: FuzzReverse (0.00s)
        reverse_test.go:31: Number of runes: orig=1, rev=1, doubleRev=1
        reverse_test.go:33: Before: "\xfa", after: "�"

    Failing input written to testdata/fuzz/FuzzReverse/3940e35d8f93209765a5967d6a8b4d05c98517ba48195142cee653da85fa5e90
    To re-run:
    go test -run=FuzzReverse/3940e35d8f93209765a5967d6a8b4d05c98517ba48195142cee653da85fa5e90
FAIL
test end
exit status 1
FAIL	gin-example/routers/test	0.335s

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    修复之后运行：
    我们没有设置运行时间，会一直运行下去直到手动停止

    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -fuzz=Fuzz
test start
input: "Hello, world"
runes: ['H' 'e' 'l' 'l' 'o' ',' ' ' 'w' 'o' 'r' 'l' 'd']
input: " "
runes: [' ']
input: "!12345"
runes: ['!' '1' '2' '3' '4' '5']
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 0/11 completed
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 11/11 completed, now fuzzing with 8 workers
fuzz: elapsed: 3s, execs: 199734 (66517/sec), new interesting: 74 (total: 85)
fuzz: elapsed: 6s, execs: 274664 (24984/sec), new interesting: 81 (total: 92)
fuzz: elapsed: 9s, execs: 657750 (127716/sec), new interesting: 97 (total: 108)
fuzz: elapsed: 12s, execs: 992014 (111385/sec), new interesting: 108 (total: 119)
fuzz: elapsed: 15s, execs: 1351472 (119880/sec), new interesting: 113 (total: 124)
fuzz: elapsed: 18s, execs: 1733945 (127504/sec), new interesting: 116 (total: 127)
^Cfuzz: elapsed: 20s, execs: 2045996 (131214/sec), new interesting: 119 (total: 130)
PASS
test end
ok  	gin-example/routers/test	20.778s

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    通过设置-fuzztime时间来停止测试

    ~/study/go/go/gin-example/routers/test💚💚💚💚go test -fuzz=Fuzz -fuzztime 5s
test start
input: "Hello, world"
runes: ['H' 'e' 'l' 'l' 'o' ',' ' ' 'w' 'o' 'r' 'l' 'd']
input: " "
runes: [' ']
input: "!12345"
runes: ['!' '1' '2' '3' '4' '5']
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 0/130 completed
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 130/130 completed, now fuzzing with 8 workers
fuzz: elapsed: 3s, execs: 395613 (131858/sec), new interesting: 6 (total: 136)
fuzz: elapsed: 5s, execs: 681026 (136103/sec), new interesting: 8 (total: 138)
PASS
test end
ok  	gin-example/routers/test	5.242s


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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_45457760/article/details/125507892