URI在网络请求中必不可少,Spring提供了一些工具类用于解析或者生成URL,比如根据参数生成GET的URL等。本文会对Spring MVC中的URI工具进行介绍,本文主要参考Spring官方文档。
工具类UriComponents
UriComponentsBuilder可以用于根据URL和参数来构建路径,比如我们需要一个带GET参数的URL,通常情况下我们需要自己去拼接URL,添加"&"和"?等参数"。UriComponentsBuilder提供一种更简介的方法去构建URL:
UriComponents uriComponents = UriComponentsBuilder
.fromUriString("https://example.com/hotels/{hotel}")
.queryParam("q", "{q}")
.encode()
.build();
// https://example.com/hotels/Westin?q=123
URI uri = uriComponents.expand("Westin", "123").toUri();
上面的两条语句也可以合并到一个Build链中,用如下方式达到同样的目的:
URI uri = UriComponentsBuilder
.fromUriString("https://example.com/hotels/{hotel}")
.queryParam("q", "{q}")
.encode()
.buildAndExpand("Westin", "123")
.toUri();
URI uri = UriComponentsBuilder
.fromUriString("https://example.com/hotels/{hotel}")
.queryParam("q", "{q}")
.build("Westin", "123");
URI uri = UriComponentsBuilder
.fromUriString("https://example.com/hotels/{hotel}?q={q}")
.build("Westin", "123");
接口UriBuilder
UriComponentsBuilder实现了UriBuilder接口,该接口的主要功能就是构建Uri。Spring中可以通过UriBuilderFactory获取UriBuilder的实例。我们平时使用httpClient类如Spring的RestTemplate,并不需要自己拼接Uri,只需要输入参数组件会自动拼接Url。对于过Spring的RestTemplate,其内部使用的Url组件就是UriBuilderFactory。
// import org.springframework.web.util.DefaultUriBuilderFactory.EncodingMode;
String baseUrl = "https://example.org";
DefaultUriBuilderFactory factory = new DefaultUriBuilderFactory(baseUrl);
factory.setEncodingMode(EncodingMode.TEMPLATE_AND_VALUES);
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
restTemplate.setUriTemplateHandler(factory);
// import org.springframework.web.util.DefaultUriBuilderFactory.EncodingMode;
String baseUrl = "https://example.org";
DefaultUriBuilderFactory factory = new DefaultUriBuilderFactory(baseUrl);
factory.setEncodingMode(EncodingMode.TEMPLATE_AND_VALUES);
WebClient client = WebClient.builder().uriBuilderFactory(factory).build();
String baseUrl = "https://example.com";
DefaultUriBuilderFactory uriBuilderFactory = new DefaultUriBuilderFactory(baseUrl);
URI uri = uriBuilderFactory.uriString("/hotels/{hotel}")
.queryParam("q", "{q}")
.build("Westin", "123");
Url的编码
UriComponentsBuilder组件提供了两种类型的编码方式:
- UriComponentsBuilder#encode():对Url模板和参数分别进行编码之后进行拼接。
- UriComponents#encode():对拼接后的Url进行编码操作。
大多数情况下适合使用UriComponentsBuilder#encode(),因为它将参数单独进行了编码。但是如果你需要在编码中保留特殊字符,那么最好使用第二种编码方式。
URI uri = UriComponentsBuilder.fromPath("/hotel list/{city}")
.queryParam("q", "{q}")
.encode()
.buildAndExpand("New York", "foo+bar")
.toUri();
// Result is "/hotel%20list/New%20York?q=foo%2Bbar"
Servlet Uri构建
Spring提供了另一个Uri组件ServletUriComponentsBuilder,该组件可以基于Servlet请求构建新的Uri:
HttpServletRequest request = ...
// Re-uses host, scheme, port, path and query string...
ServletUriComponentsBuilder ucb = ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromRequest(request)
.replaceQueryParam("accountId", "{id}").build()
.expand("123")
.encode();
// Re-uses host, port and context path...
ServletUriComponentsBuilder ucb = ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromContextPath(request).path("/accounts").build()
// Re-uses host, port, context path, and Servlet prefix...
ServletUriComponentsBuilder ucb = ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromServletMapping(request).path("/accounts").build()
Controller Uri
我们知道Spring中可以通过@RequestMapping把一个请求映射到Controller的方法上,那么我们如何获取到Controller方法的请求路径呢?
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/hotels/{hotel}")
public class BookingController {
@GetMapping("/bookings/{booking}")
public ModelAndView getBooking(@PathVariable Long booking) {
// ...
}
}
Spring 提供了MvcUriComponentsBuilder工具获取Controller方法对应的路径,其使用示例如下所示:
// 21:指明参数的类型, 42:新的参数类型.
UriComponents uriComponents = MvcUriComponentsBuilder
.fromMethodName(BookingController.class, "getBooking", 21).buildAndExpand(42);
URI uri = uriComponents.encode().toUri();
UriComponents uriComponents = MvcUriComponentsBuilder
.fromMethodCall(on(BookingController.class).getBooking(21)).buildAndExpand(42);
URI uri = uriComponents.encode().toUri();
Controller方法应该是非Final的,否则Spring可能会获取不到配置的路径信息。
MvcUriComponentsBuilder 还支持指定Context,如域名等信息,示例如下所示:
UriComponentsBuilder base = ServletUriComponentsBuilder.fromCurrentContextPath().path("/en");
MvcUriComponentsBuilder builder = MvcUriComponentsBuilder.relativeTo(base);
builder.withMethodCall(on(BookingController.class).getBooking(21)).buildAndExpand(42);
URI uri = uriComponents.encode().toUri();
视图中的URL
在Thymeleaf、FreeMarker和JSP等视图组件中,我们可以通过视图URL组件去拼接URL,示例如下:
@RequestMapping("/people/{id}/addresses")
public class PersonAddressController {
@RequestMapping("/{country}")
public HttpEntity<PersonAddress> getAddress(@PathVariable String country) { ... }
}
<%@ taglib uri="http://www.springframework.org/tags" prefix="s" %>
...
<a href="${s:mvcUrl('PAC#getAddress').arg(0,'US').buildAndExpand('123')}">Get Address</a>
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