爬取美团新闻信息,此处采用两种方法实现:
注意点:因为此处的数据都是动态数据,所以一定要考虑好向下滑动数据包会更新的情况,不然就只能读取当前页即第一页数据,方法一通过更新ajax数据包网址页数,方法二通过计算网页高度滚动到底部实现持续向下滑动过程。
使用寻找包含数据的ajax请求(json数据)的数据包,通过jsonpath定位提取出想要的数据:
- # -- coding: utf-8 --
- # 爬取内容:标题,标签,简介
- import requests
- import json
- import jsonpath
- import pprint
-
- num = 1
- headers = {
- 'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/129.0.0.0 Safari/537.36',
- 'cookie': '_lxsdk_cuid=192b4109d3bc8-0ab8530f770fd3-26001051-144000-192b4109d3bc8; logan_session_token=s9yzimqoliqqqa0xxruc; cookie_consent=true; _lxsdk_s=192b4109d3c-294-7f6-c00%7C%7C12'
- }
- while num <= 10:
- url = f'https://www.meituan.com/smart/view/news/r/tNewsService_pageGetByQuery?pageSize=10&pageNo={num}&newsClassifyId=&lanType=zh-CN'
- response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
- dict_data = json.loads(response.content)
- # pprint.pprint(dict_data)
- titles = jsonpath.jsonpath(dict_data, '$..title')
- signs = jsonpath.jsonpath(dict_data, '$..newsClassifyName')
- contents = jsonpath.jsonpath(dict_data, '$..newsAbstract')
- comment_list = []
- for title, sign, comment in zip(titles, signs, contents):
- comment_dict = {
- "标题": title,
- "标签": sign,
- "简介": comment,
- }
- comment_list.append(comment_dict)
- print(json.dumps(comment_list, ensure_ascii=False, indent=4))
- num += 1
爬取结果:
使用selenium进行自动化操作,通过xpath定位数据实现对数据的提取:
- # -- coding: utf-8 --
- from selenium import webdriver
- from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
- import time
-
- driver = webdriver.Chrome()
- driver.get(
- 'https://www.meituan.com/news?requestCode=b872f8728bc74f9f9c90688d88b58e1d&responseCode=ff49426a9e664f6ba92cbaa7fc9b9b08')
-
- # 等待页面加载
- time.sleep(3)
- # 设置滚动和爬取参数
- scroll_pause_time = 2 # 每次滚动后的等待时间
- previous_height = driver.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight") #JavaScript 代码返回当前网页的总高度
-
- # 循环进行滚动和数据爬取
- while True:
- # 获取当前页面的元素列表
- el_list = driver.find_elements(By.XPATH, '//*[@id="__next"]/div[2]/div[2]/div/div[2]/a/div/div[1]/div')
-
- # 输出当前爬取的内容
- for el in el_list:
- title = el.find_element(By.XPATH, './/h2').text
- sign = el.find_element(By.XPATH, './/div[2]/span[1]/span').text
- content = el.find_element(By.XPATH, './/div[1]').text
- comment_dict = {
- "标题": title,
- "标签": sign,
- "简介": content,
- }
- print(comment_dict) # 输出当前获取的数据
-
- # 滚动到页面底部
- driver.execute_script("window.scrollTo(0, document.body.scrollHeight);")
- # 等待新内容加载
- time.sleep(scroll_pause_time)
- # 计算新的滚动高度
- new_height = driver.execute_script("return document.body.scrollHeight")
- if new_height == previous_height:
- break # 如果没有更多内容,退出循环
- previous_height = new_height
-
- driver.quit()
爬取结果: