要在 Spring Boot 应用程序中实现一个 WebSocket 客户端,您可以使用 Spring 的 WebSocketClient 接口。这里,我们将使用标凑的 StandardWebSocketClient 进行示例。客户端将被 Spring 管理,允许你注入任何需要的依赖,并支持向 WebSocket 服务器发送消息。
首先,您需要在 Spring Boot 项目中添加 WebSocket 的依赖。如果您使用 Maven,可以在 pom.xml 文件中加入以下依赖:
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
- </dependency>
接下来,创建一个配置类来配置 WebSocket 客户端并使其成为 Spring 管理的 Bean:
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
- import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
- import org.springframework.web.socket.client.WebSocketClient;
- import org.springframework.web.socket.client.standard.StandardWebSocketClient;
-
- @Configuration
- public class WebSocketConfig {
- @Bean
- public WebSocketClient webSocketClient() {
- return new StandardWebSocketClient();
- }
- }
然后,创建一个服务类来管理 WebSocket 连接和消息发送:
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
- import org.springframework.web.socket.TextMessage;
- import org.springframework.web.socket.WebSocketSession;
- import org.springframework.web.socket.client.WebSocketConnectionManager;
- import org.springframework.web.socket.handler.TextWebSocketHandler;
-
- @Service
- public class WebSocketService extends TextWebSocketHandler {
- private WebSocketSession session;
-
- @Autowired
- private WebSocketClient client;
-
- public void connect(String uri) {
- WebSocketConnectionManager manager = new WebSocketConnectionManager(client, this, uri);
- manager.start();
- }
-
- public void disconnect() throws Exception {
- if (session != null && session.isOpen()) {
- session.close();
- }
- }
-
- public void sendMessage(String message) throws Exception {
- if (session != null && session.isOpen()) {
- session.sendMessage(new TextMessage(message));
- } else {
- throw new IllegalStateException("WebSocket is not connected.");
- }
- }
-
- @Override
- public void afterConnectionEstablished(WebSocketSession session) throws Exception {
- this.session = session; // 处理连接后保存session
- }
-
- @Override
- protected void handleTextMessage(WebSocketSession session, TextMessage message) throws Exception {
- System.out.println("Received: " + message.getPayload());
- }
- }
最后,在应用的某个组件中使用此服务来连接 WebSocket 服务器,并发送和接收消息:
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
-
- import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
-
- @Component
- public class WebSocketClientComponent {
- @Autowired
- private WebSocketService webSocketService;
-
- @PostBioiconstructor
- public void init() {
- webSocketService.connect("ws://example.com/websocket");
-
- // 发送消息示例
- try {
- webSocketService.sendMessage("Hello WebSocket!");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
若要从配置文件中获取 WebSocket 连接 URL,您可以在 Spring Boot 应用中使用 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件来定义相关属性。接着,使用 Spring 的 @Value 注解来注入这些属性。
首先,修改您的 application.properties 或 application.yml 文件添加 WebSocket URL:
如果是 application.properties:
websocket.uri=ws://example.com/websocket
若是 application.yml:
- websocket:
- uri: ws://example.com/websocket
然后,修改服务组件以注入这个配置:
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
- import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
- import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
-
- import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
-
- @Component
- public class WebSocketClientComponent {
- @Autowired
- private WebSocketService webSocketService;
-
- @Value("${websocket.uri}")
- private String websocketUri;
-
- @PostConstruct
- public void init() {
- webSocketService.connect(websocketHref);
-
- // 发送消息示例
- try {
- webSocketService.sendMessage("Hello WebSocket!");
- } catch (Exception e) {
- e.printStackTrace();
- }
- }
- }
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