SpringBoot使用手册

SpringBoot使用手册

1、自动装配

1.1、创建spring Boot项目

在之前的文章中已经专门写过，这里不做赘述。

1.2、pom.xml

1.2.1、版本管理

在学习完maven项目后，我们学习框架时首先阅读的就是pom.xml文件，这里是管理自己该项目中所用到的jar包。

学习SpringBoot时也是一样，在创建好一个项目后，我们首先先浏览一下pom.xml。

<parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parentartifactId>
        <version>2.7.3version>
        <relativePath/> 
    parent>

打开这个文件后，我们首先就能看到上面这串代码，这个和我们之前学习的不太一样，仔细阅读后可以发现，这时导入Springboot父依赖的代码。

什么是父依赖？

当我们按住ctrl，鼠标点击这个依赖，可以发现我们又进入了一个pom文件，在这里，我们又能看到一个父依赖。

<parent>
    <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-dependenciesartifactId>
    <version>2.7.3version>
  parent>

再次点击进入，便能发现这里管理着大量的版本信息：

<properties>
    <activemq.version>5.16.5activemq.version>
    <antlr2.version>2.7.7antlr2.version>
    <appengine-sdk.version>1.9.98appengine-sdk.version>
    <artemis.version>2.19.1artemis.version>
    <aspectj.version>1.9.7aspectj.version>
    <assertj.version>3.22.0assertj.version>
    <atomikos.version>4.0.6atomikos.version>
    <awaitility.version>4.2.0awaitility.version>
    <build-helper-maven-plugin.version>3.3.0build-helper-maven-plugin.version>
    <byte-buddy.version>1.12.13byte-buddy.version>
    <cache2k.version>2.6.1.Finalcache2k.version>
    <caffeine.version>2.9.3caffeine.version>
    <cassandra-driver.version>4.14.1cassandra-driver.version>
    <classmate.version>1.5.1classmate.version>
    <commons-codec.version>1.15commons-codec.version>
    <commons-dbcp2.version>2.9.0commons-dbcp2.version>
    <commons-lang3.version>3.12.0commons-lang3.version>
    <commons-pool.version>1.6commons-pool.version>
    <commons-pool2.version>2.11.1commons-pool2.version>
    <couchbase-client.version>3.3.3couchbase-client.version>
    <db2-jdbc.version>11.5.7.0db2-jdbc.version>
    <dependency-management-plugin.version>1.0.13.RELEASEdependency-management-plugin.version>
    <derby.version>10.14.2.0derby.version>
    <dropwizard-metrics.version>4.2.11dropwizard-metrics.version>
    <ehcache.version>2.10.9.2ehcache.version>
    <ehcache3.version>3.10.0ehcache3.version>
    <elasticsearch.version>7.17.4elasticsearch.version>
    <embedded-mongo.version>3.4.8embedded-mongo.version>
    <flyway.version>8.5.13flyway.version>
    <freemarker.version>2.3.31freemarker.version>
    <git-commit-id-plugin.version>4.9.10git-commit-id-plugin.version>
    <glassfish-el.version>3.0.4glassfish-el.version>
    <glassfish-jaxb.version>2.3.6glassfish-jaxb.version>
    <glassfish-jstl.version>1.2.6glassfish-jstl.version>
    <graphql-java.version>18.3graphql-java.version>
    <groovy.version>3.0.12groovy.version>
    <gson.version>2.9.1gson.version>
    <h2.version>2.1.214h2.version>
    <hamcrest.version>2.2hamcrest.version>
    <hazelcast.version>5.1.3hazelcast.version>
    <hazelcast-hibernate5.version>2.2.1hazelcast-hibernate5.version>
    <hibernate.version>5.6.10.Finalhibernate.version>
    <hibernate-validator.version>6.2.4.Finalhibernate-validator.version>
    <hikaricp.version>4.0.3hikaricp.version>
    <hsqldb.version>2.5.2hsqldb.version>
    <htmlunit.version>2.60.0htmlunit.version>
    <httpasyncclient.version>4.1.5httpasyncclient.version>
    <httpclient.version>4.5.13httpclient.version>
    <httpclient5.version>5.1.3httpclient5.version>
    <httpcore.version>4.4.15httpcore.version>
    <httpcore5.version>5.1.4httpcore5.version>
    <infinispan.version>13.0.10.Finalinfinispan.version>
    <influxdb-java.version>2.22influxdb-java.version>
    <jackson-bom.version>2.13.3jackson-bom.version>
    <jakarta-activation.version>1.2.2jakarta-activation.version>
    <jakarta-annotation.version>1.3.5jakarta-annotation.version>
    <jakarta-jms.version>2.0.3jakarta-jms.version>
    <jakarta-json.version>1.1.6jakarta-json.version>
    <jakarta-json-bind.version>1.0.2jakarta-json-bind.version>
    <jakarta-mail.version>1.6.7jakarta-mail.version>
    <jakarta-management.version>1.1.4jakarta-management.version>
    <jakarta-persistence.version>2.2.3jakarta-persistence.version>
    <jakarta-servlet.version>4.0.4jakarta-servlet.version>
    <jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version>1.2.7jakarta-servlet-jsp-jstl.version>
    <jakarta-transaction.version>1.3.3jakarta-transaction.version>
    <jakarta-validation.version>2.0.2jakarta-validation.version>
    <jakarta-websocket.version>1.1.2jakarta-websocket.version>
    <jakarta-ws-rs.version>2.1.6jakarta-ws-rs.version>
    <jakarta-xml-bind.version>2.3.3jakarta-xml-bind.version>
    <jakarta-xml-soap.version>1.4.2jakarta-xml-soap.version>
    <jakarta-xml-ws.version>2.3.3jakarta-xml-ws.version>
    <janino.version>3.1.7janino.version>
    <javax-activation.version>1.2.0javax-activation.version>
    <javax-annotation.version>1.3.2javax-annotation.version>
    <javax-cache.version>1.1.1javax-cache.version>
    <javax-jaxb.version>2.3.1javax-jaxb.version>
    <javax-jaxws.version>2.3.1javax-jaxws.version>
    <javax-jms.version>2.0.1javax-jms.version>
    <javax-json.version>1.1.4javax-json.version>
    <javax-jsonb.version>1.0javax-jsonb.version>
    <javax-mail.version>1.6.2javax-mail.version>
    <javax-money.version>1.1javax-money.version>
    <javax-persistence.version>2.2javax-persistence.version>
    <javax-transaction.version>1.3javax-transaction.version>
    <javax-validation.version>2.0.1.Finaljavax-validation.version>
    <javax-websocket.version>1.1javax-websocket.version>
    <jaxen.version>1.2.0jaxen.version>
    <jaybird.version>4.0.6.java8jaybird.version>
    <jboss-logging.version>3.4.3.Finaljboss-logging.version>
    <jdom2.version>2.0.6.1jdom2.version>
    <jedis.version>3.8.0jedis.version>
    <jersey.version>2.35jersey.version>
    <jetty-el.version>9.0.52jetty-el.version>
    <jetty-jsp.version>2.2.0.v201112011158jetty-jsp.version>
    <jetty-reactive-httpclient.version>1.1.12jetty-reactive-httpclient.version>
    <jetty.version>9.4.48.v20220622jetty.version>
    <jmustache.version>1.15jmustache.version>
    <johnzon.version>1.2.18johnzon.version>
    <jolokia.version>1.7.1jolokia.version>
    <jooq.version>3.14.16jooq.version>
    <json-path.version>2.7.0json-path.version>
    <json-smart.version>2.4.8json-smart.version>
    <jsonassert.version>1.5.1jsonassert.version>
    <jstl.version>1.2jstl.version>
    <jtds.version>1.3.1jtds.version>
    <junit.version>4.13.2junit.version>
    <junit-jupiter.version>5.8.2junit-jupiter.version>
    <kafka.version>3.1.1kafka.version>
    <kotlin.version>1.6.21kotlin.version>
    <kotlin-coroutines.version>1.6.4kotlin-coroutines.version>
    <lettuce.version>6.1.9.RELEASElettuce.version>
    <liquibase.version>4.9.1liquibase.version>
    <log4j2.version>2.17.2log4j2.version>
    <logback.version>1.2.11logback.version>
    <lombok.version>1.18.24lombok.version>
    <mariadb.version>3.0.7mariadb.version>
    <maven-antrun-plugin.version>3.0.0maven-antrun-plugin.version>
    <maven-assembly-plugin.version>3.3.0maven-assembly-plugin.version>
    <maven-clean-plugin.version>3.2.0maven-clean-plugin.version>
    <maven-compiler-plugin.version>3.10.1maven-compiler-plugin.version>
    <maven-dependency-plugin.version>3.3.0maven-dependency-plugin.version>
    <maven-deploy-plugin.version>2.8.2maven-deploy-plugin.version>
    <maven-enforcer-plugin.version>3.0.0maven-enforcer-plugin.version>
    <maven-failsafe-plugin.version>2.22.2maven-failsafe-plugin.version>
    <maven-help-plugin.version>3.2.0maven-help-plugin.version>
    <maven-install-plugin.version>2.5.2maven-install-plugin.version>
    <maven-invoker-plugin.version>3.2.2maven-invoker-plugin.version>
    <maven-jar-plugin.version>3.2.2maven-jar-plugin.version>
    <maven-javadoc-plugin.version>3.4.1maven-javadoc-plugin.version>
    <maven-resources-plugin.version>3.2.0maven-resources-plugin.version>
    <maven-shade-plugin.version>3.3.0maven-shade-plugin.version>
    <maven-source-plugin.version>3.2.1maven-source-plugin.version>
    <maven-surefire-plugin.version>2.22.2maven-surefire-plugin.version>
    <maven-war-plugin.version>3.3.2maven-war-plugin.version>
    <micrometer.version>1.9.3micrometer.version>
    <mockito.version>4.5.1mockito.version>
    <mongodb.version>4.6.1mongodb.version>
    <mssql-jdbc.version>10.2.1.jre8mssql-jdbc.version>
    <mysql.version>8.0.30mysql.version>
    <nekohtml.version>1.9.22nekohtml.version>
    <neo4j-java-driver.version>4.4.9neo4j-java-driver.version>
    <netty.version>4.1.79.Finalnetty.version>
    <okhttp.version>4.9.3okhttp.version>
    <oracle-database.version>21.5.0.0oracle-database.version>
    <pooled-jms.version>1.2.4pooled-jms.version>
    <postgresql.version>42.3.6postgresql.version>
    <prometheus-client.version>0.15.0prometheus-client.version>
    <quartz.version>2.3.2quartz.version>
    <querydsl.version>5.0.0querydsl.version>
    <r2dbc-bom.version>Borca-SR1r2dbc-bom.version>
    <rabbit-amqp-client.version>5.14.2rabbit-amqp-client.version>
    <rabbit-stream-client.version>0.5.0rabbit-stream-client.version>
    <reactive-streams.version>1.0.4reactive-streams.version>
    <reactor-bom.version>2020.0.22reactor-bom.version>
    <rest-assured.version>4.5.1rest-assured.version>
    <rsocket.version>1.1.2rsocket.version>
    <rxjava.version>1.3.8rxjava.version>
    <rxjava-adapter.version>1.2.1rxjava-adapter.version>
    <rxjava2.version>2.2.21rxjava2.version>
    <saaj-impl.version>1.5.3saaj-impl.version>
    <selenium.version>4.1.4selenium.version>
    <selenium-htmlunit.version>3.61.0selenium-htmlunit.version>
    <sendgrid.version>4.9.3sendgrid.version>
    <servlet-api.version>4.0.1servlet-api.version>
    <slf4j.version>1.7.36slf4j.version>
    <snakeyaml.version>1.30snakeyaml.version>
    <solr.version>8.11.2solr.version>
    <spring-amqp.version>2.4.6spring-amqp.version>
    <spring-batch.version>4.3.6spring-batch.version>
    <spring-data-bom.version>2021.2.2spring-data-bom.version>
    <spring-framework.version>5.3.22spring-framework.version>
    <spring-graphql.version>1.0.1spring-graphql.version>
    <spring-hateoas.version>1.5.1spring-hateoas.version>
    <spring-integration.version>5.5.14spring-integration.version>
    <spring-kafka.version>2.8.8spring-kafka.version>
    <spring-ldap.version>2.4.1spring-ldap.version>
    <spring-restdocs.version>2.0.6.RELEASEspring-restdocs.version>
    <spring-retry.version>1.3.3spring-retry.version>
    <spring-security.version>5.7.3spring-security.version>
    <spring-session-bom.version>2021.2.0spring-session-bom.version>
    <spring-ws.version>3.1.3spring-ws.version>
    <sqlite-jdbc.version>3.36.0.3sqlite-jdbc.version>
    <sun-mail.version>1.6.7sun-mail.version>
    <thymeleaf.version>3.0.15.RELEASEthymeleaf.version>
    <thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>2.0.1thymeleaf-extras-data-attribute.version>
    <thymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>3.0.4.RELEASEthymeleaf-extras-java8time.version>
    <thymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version>3.0.4.RELEASEthymeleaf-extras-springsecurity.version>
    <thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>3.0.0thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
    <tomcat.version>9.0.65tomcat.version>
    <unboundid-ldapsdk.version>6.0.5unboundid-ldapsdk.version>
    <undertow.version>2.2.19.Finalundertow.version>
    <versions-maven-plugin.version>2.10.0versions-maven-plugin.version>
    <webjars-locator-core.version>0.50webjars-locator-core.version>
    <wsdl4j.version>1.6.3wsdl4j.version>
    <xml-maven-plugin.version>1.0.2xml-maven-plugin.version>
    <xmlunit2.version>2.9.0xmlunit2.version>
  properties>

这便是SpringBoot不需要书写版本的原因！

配置依赖

<resource>
        <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resourcesdirectory>
        <filtering>truefiltering>
        <includes>
          <include>**/application*.ymlinclude>
          <include>**/application*.yamlinclude>
          <include>**/application*.propertiesinclude>
        includes>
      resource>
      <resource>
        <directory>${basedir}/src/main/resourcesdirectory>
        <excludes>
          <exclude>**/application*.ymlexclude>
          <exclude>**/application*.yamlexclude>
          <exclude>**/application*.propertiesexclude>
        excludes>
      resource>

1.2.2、启动器

springBoot的启动器：spring Boot的启动场景。

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starterartifactId>
        dependency>

比如：spring-boot-starter-web，它会自动导入web项目所需要的所有依赖。

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
        dependency>

spring boot会将所有的功能场景，都编程一个个的启动器，如果我们要使用什么功能，就只需要找到对应的启动器就行了。

spring官方文档：

https://docs.spring.io

1.2.3、主程序

@SpringBootApplication
public class BlogFztApplication {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(BlogFztApplication.class, args);
    }

}

@SpringBootApplication:标注这个类是一个Springboot启动类，启动类下的所有资源被导入

点进去，就能看到核心注解：

注解：

@SpringBootConfiguration//springboot的配置
	@Configuration//spring配置类
	@Component//说明这也是一个spring的组件
@EnableAutoConfiguration//自动配置
//点进去
	@AutoConfigurationPackage//自动配置包
		@Import(AutoConfigurationPackages.Registrar.class)//自动配置‘包注册’
	@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class)//自动配置导入选择
//获取所有配置
List<String> configurations = getCandidateConfigurations(annotationMetadata,attributes);

核心方法：

获取候选的配置

protected List getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
		List configurations = new ArrayList<>(
				SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader()));
		ImportCandidates.load(AutoConfiguration.class, getBeanClassLoader()).forEach(configurations::add);
		Assert.notEmpty(configurations,//断言非空，如果配置文件不为空，则去找spring.factories文件
				"No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories nor in META-INF/spring/org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfiguration.imports. If you "
						+ "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct.");
		return configurations;
	}

protected Class<?> getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass() {
		return EnableAutoConfiguration.class;
	}

META-INF/spring.factories:org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure

# Initializers
org.springframework.context.ApplicationContextInitializer=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SharedMetadataReaderFactoryContextInitializer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.logging.ConditionEvaluationReportLoggingListener

# Application Listeners
org.springframework.context.ApplicationListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.BackgroundPreinitializer

# Environment Post Processors
org.springframework.boot.env.EnvironmentPostProcessor=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.integration.IntegrationPropertiesEnvironmentPostProcessor

# Auto Configuration Import Listeners
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportListener=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.ConditionEvaluationReportAutoConfigurationImportListener

# Auto Configuration Import Filters
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportFilter=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnBeanCondition,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnClassCondition,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.condition.OnWebApplicationCondition

# Failure analyzers
org.springframework.boot.diagnostics.FailureAnalyzer=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisUrlSyntaxFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.diagnostics.analyzer.NoSuchBeanDefinitionFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayMigrationScriptMissingFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceBeanCreationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.HikariDriverConfigurationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jooq.NoDslContextBeanFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.ConnectionFactoryBeanCreationFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.MissingR2dbcPoolDependencyFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.MultipleConnectionPoolConfigurationsFailureAnalzyer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.r2dbc.NoConnectionFactoryBeanFailureAnalyzer,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.NonUniqueSessionRepositoryFailureAnalyzer

# Template availability providers
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.template.TemplateAvailabilityProvider=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.freemarker.FreeMarkerTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.mustache.MustacheTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.groovy.template.GroovyTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.thymeleaf.ThymeleafTemplateAvailabilityProvider,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.servlet.JspTemplateAvailabilityProvider

# DataSource initializer detectors
org.springframework.boot.sql.init.dependency.DatabaseInitializerDetector=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.flyway.FlywayMigrationInitializerDatabaseInitializerDetector

# Depends on database initialization detectors
org.springframework.boot.sql.init.dependency.DependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector=\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.batch.JobRepositoryDependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.quartz.SchedulerDependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector,\
org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.session.JdbcIndexedSessionRepositoryDependsOnDatabaseInitializationDetector

Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);