vector的介绍
1. vector是表示可变大小数组的序列容器。
2. 就像数组一样,vector也采用的连续存储空间来存储元素。也就是意味着可以采用下标对vector的元素进行访问,和数组一样高效。但是又不像数组,它的大小是可以动态改变的,而且它的大小会被容器自动处理。
3. 本质讲,vector使用动态分配数组来存储它的元素。当新元素插入时候,这个数组需要被重新分配大小为了增加存储空间。其做法是,分配一个新的数组,然后将全部元素移到这个数组。就时间而言,这是一个相对代价高的任务,因为每当一个新的元素加入到容器的时候,vector并不会每次都重新分配大小。
4. vector分配空间策略:vector会分配一些额外的空间以适应可能的增长,因为存储空间比实际需要的存储空间更大。不同的库采用不同的策略权衡空间的使用和重新分配。但是无论如何,重新分配都应该是对数增长的间隔大小,以至于在末尾插入一个元素的时候是在常数时间的复杂度完成的。
5. 因此,vector占用了更多的存储空间,为了获得管理存储空间的能力,并且以一种有效的方式动态增长。
6. 与其它动态序列容器相比(deque, list and forward_list), vector在访问元素的时候更加高效,在末尾添加和删除元素相对高效。对于其它不在末尾的删除和插入操作,效率更低。比起list和forward_list统一的迭代器和引用更好。
参考侯捷老师《STL源码刨析》这本书画的:
Vector的一些接口:
- namespace MyVector
- {
- template<class T>
- class vector
- {
-
- public:
-
- // Vector的迭代器是一个原生指针
-
- typedef T* iterator;
- typedef const T* const_iterator;
-
- iterator begin();
- iterator end();
-
- const_iterator cbegin() const;
- const_iterator cend() const;
-
- // 初始化
- vector();
- // 析构
- ~vector();
-
- vector(int n, const T& value = T());
- vector(size_t n, const T& val = T());
-
- //类模板的成员函数可以是函数模板
- template<class InputIterator>
- vector(InputIterator first, InputIterator last);
-
- vector(const vector
& v); - vector
& operator= (vector v); -
- size_t size() const;
- size_t capacity() const;
-
- void reserve(size_t n);
- void resize(size_t n, const T& value = T());
-
- T& operator[](size_t pos);
- const T& operator[](size_t pos)const;
-
- bool empty();
- void push_back(const T& x);
- void pop_back();
-
- void swap(vector
& v) ; -
- iterator insert(iterator pos, const T& x);
- iterator erase(iterator pos);
-
- private:
-
- iterator _start = nullptr; // 指向数据块的开始
-
- iterator _finish = nullptr; // 指向有效数据的尾
-
- iterator _endOfStorage = nullptr;// 指向存储容量的尾
-
- };
- }
iterator begin()
- iterator begin()
- {
- return _start;
- }
iterator end()
- iterator end()
- {
- return _finish;
- }
const_iterator cbegin()
- const_iterator cbegin()
- {
- return _start;
- }
const_iterator cend() const
- const_iterator cend() const
- {
- return _finish;
- }
四个比较简单的迭代器
vector()
- vector()
- :_start(nullptr)
- ,_finish(nullptr)
- , _endOfStorage(nullptr)
- {}
~vector()
- ~vector()
- {
- delete[] _start;
- _start = _finish = _endOfStorage;
- }
初始化与析构
- //类模板的成员函数可以是函数模板
- template<class InputIterator> // InputIterator定义的一个迭代器类型
-
- vector(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
- :_start(nullptr)
- , _finish(nullptr)
- , _endOfStorage(nullptr)
- {
- while (first != last)
- {
- push_back(*first);
- ++first;
- }
- }
vector
- vector
& operator= (vector v) - {
- swap(v);
- return *this;
- }
// v1 = v3
size_t size() const
- size_t size() const
- {
- return _finish - _start;
- }
// 有效数据的尾减去数据块的开始就是元素个数
size_t capacity() const
- size_t capacity() const
- {
- return _endOfStorage - _start;
- }
// 开辟空间的容量
void reserve(size_t n)
- void reserve(size_t n)
- {
- if (n > capacity())
- {
- T* tmp = new T[n];
- size_t old_size = size();
- for (size_t i = 0; i < old_size; i++)
- {
- tmp[i] = _start[i]; // 深拷贝
-
- }
- delete[] _start;
-
- _start = tmp; // 老的_start已经失效,更新一下
- _finish = tmp + old_size;
- _endOfStorage = tmp + n;
- }
- }
void resize(size_t n, const T& value = T())
- void resize(size_t n, const T& value = T())
- {
- if (n > size()) // 超过就扩容
- {
- reserve(n);
- while (_finish < _start + n)
- {
- *_finish = value;
- ++_finish;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- _finish = _start + n;
- }
- }
vector(const vector
- vector(const vector
& v) - {
- reserve(v.capacity());
- for (auto& e : v)
- {
- push_back(e);
- }
- }
// v2(v1) 用已经存在的 v1 去初始化 v2
T& operator[](size_t pos)
const T& operator[](size_t pos)const
- T& operator[](size_t pos)
- {
- assert(pos < size()); // 保证下标为有效数据
- return _start[pos];
- }
-
- const T& operator[](size_t pos)const
- {
- assert(pos < size());
- return _start[pos];
- }
iterator insert(iterator pos, const T& x)
- iterator insert(iterator pos, const T& x)
- {
- assert(pos >= _start);
- assert(pos <= _finish);
- if (_finish == _endOfStorage)
- {
- size_t len = pos - _start;
- reserve(capacity() == 0 ? 4 : 2 * capacity());
-
- //如果扩容了要更新pos
- pos = _start + len;
- }
- iterator it = _finish - 1;
- while (it >= pos)
- {
- *(it + 1) = *it;
- --it;
- }
- *pos = x;
- ++_finish;
- }
iterator erase(iterator pos)
- iterator erase(iterator pos)
- {
- assert(pos >= _start);
- assert(pos <= _finish);
- iterator it = pos + 1;
- while (it < _finish)
- {
- *(it - 1) = *it;
- --it;
- }
- --_finish;
- return pos;
- }
vector(int n, const T& value = T())
- vector(int n, const T& value = T())
- {
- reserve(n);
- for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
- {
- push_back(value);
- }
- }
vector(size_t n, const T& val = T())
- vector(size_t n, const T& val = T())
- {
- reserve(n);
- for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
- {
- push_back(val);
- }
- }
bool empty()
- bool empty()
- {
- return _start == _finish;
- }
void push_back(const T& x)
- void push_back(const T& x)
- {
- insert(end(), x);
- }
void pop_back()
- void pop_back()
- {
- erase(end() - 1);
- }
void swap(vector
- void swap(vector
& v) - {
- std::swap(_start, v._start);
- std::swap(_finish, v._finish);
- std::swap(_endOfStorage, v._endOfStorage);
- }
完整代码:
- #pragma once
-
- #include
-
- namespace bit
- {
- template<class T>
- class vector
-
- {
-
- public:
-
- // Vector的迭代器是一个原生指针
-
- typedef T* iterator;
-
- typedef const T* const_iterator;
-
- iterator begin()
- {
- return _start;
- }
-
- iterator end()
- {
- return _finish;
- }
-
- const_iterator cbegin()
- {
- return _start;
- }
-
- const_iterator cend() const
- {
- return _finish;
- }
-
-
- // construct and destroy
-
- vector()
- :_start(nullptr)
- ,_finish(nullptr)
- , _endOfStorage(nullptr)
- {}
-
- vector(int n, const T& value = T())
- {
- reserve(n);
- for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
- {
- push_back(value);
- }
- }
-
- vector(size_t n, const T& val = T())
- {
- reserve(n);
- for (size_t i = 0; i < n; i++)
- {
- push_back(val);
- }
- }
-
-
- //类模板的成员函数可以是函数模板
- template<class InputIterator>
- vector(InputIterator first, InputIterator last)
- :_start(nullptr)
- , _finish(nullptr)
- , _endOfStorage(nullptr)
- {
- while (first != last)
- {
- push_back(*first);
- ++first;
- }
- }
-
-
- vector(const vector
& v) - {
- reserve(v.capacity());
- for (auto& e : v)
- {
- push_back(e);
- }
- }
-
- vector
& operator= (vector v) - {
- swap(v);
- return *this;
- }
-
- ~vector()
- {
- delete[] _start;
- _start = _finish = _endOfStorage;
- }
-
-
- size_t size() const
- {
- return _finish - _start;
- }
-
- size_t capacity() const
- {
- return _endOfStorage - _start;
- }
-
- void reserve(size_t n)
- {
- if (n > capacity())
- {
- T* tmp = new T[n];
- size_t old_size = size();
- for (size_t i = 0; i < old_size; i++)
- {
- tmp[i] = _start[i];
-
- }
- delete[] _start;
-
- _start = tmp;
- _finish = tmp + old_size;
- _endOfStorage = tmp + n;
- }
- }
-
- void resize(size_t n, const T& value = T())
- {
- if (n > size())
- {
- reserve(n);
- while (_finish < _start + n)
- {
- *_finish = value;
- ++_finish;
- }
- }
- else
- {
- _finish = _start + n;
- }
- }
-
-
-
-
-
- T& operator[](size_t pos)
- {
- assert(pos < size());
- return _start[pos];
- }
-
- const T& operator[](size_t pos)const
- {
- assert(pos < size());
- return _start[pos];
- }
-
-
-
- bool empty()
- {
- return _start == _finish;
- }
-
- void push_back(const T& x)
- {
- insert(end(), x);
- }
-
- void pop_back()
- {
- erase(end() - 1);
- }
-
-
- void swap(vector
& v) - {
- std::swap(_start, v._start);
- std::swap(_finish, v._finish);
- std::swap(_endOfStorage, v._endOfStorage);
- }
-
- iterator insert(iterator pos, const T& x)
- {
- assert(pos >= _start);
- assert(pos <= _finish);
- if (_finish == _endOfStorage)
- {
- size_t len = pos - _start;
- reserve(capacity() == 0 ? 4 : 2 * capacity());
-
- //如果扩容了要更新pos
- pos = _start + len;
- }
- iterator it = _finish - 1;
- while (it >= pos)
- {
- *(it + 1) = *it;
- --it;
- }
- *pos = x;
- ++_finish;
- }
-
- iterator erase(iterator pos)
- {
- assert(pos >= _start);
- assert(pos <= _finish);
- iterator it = pos + 1;
- while (it < _finish)
- {
- *(it - 1) = *it;
- --it;
- }
- --_finish;
- return pos;
- }
-
- private:
-
- iterator _start = nullptr; // 指向数据块的开始
-
- iterator _finish = nullptr; // 指向有效数据的尾
-
- iterator _endOfStorage = nullptr;// 指向存储容量的尾
-
- };
-
- }
测试代码:
- #include
- #include
- #include
-
- #include "Vector.h"
-
- using namespace std;
-
- int main()
- {
- vector<int> v;
- v.push_back(1);
- v.push_back(2);
- v.push_back(3);
- v.push_back(4);
- v.push_back(5);
- cout << v.size() << endl;
- cout << v.capacity() << endl;
- for (size_t i = 0; i < v.size(); i++)
- {
- cout << v[i] << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
-
- for (auto e : v)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- cout << endl;
-
- v.reserve(30);
- cout << v.capacity() << endl;
- vector<int>::iterator it = v.begin();
- while (it != v.end())
- {
- cout << *it << " ";
- ++it;
- }
- cout << endl;
-
- vector<int> v1(v);
- v1.push_back(100);
- v1.push_back(200);
- v1.pop_back();
- for (auto e : v1)
- {
- cout << e << " ";
- }
- }