Playbook条件语句
- 在有的时候play会依赖于变量,fact或者前一个任务的执行结果,或者基于上一个任务执行返回的结果而决定如何执行后续的任务,这个时候就需要用到条件判断
- 应用场景
- 某个任务要求运行的主机最少要有1G内存或者10G的磁盘
- 捕获一个命令的输出,根据输出来触发不同的任务
- 根据不同的操作系统来定义不同的任务
- 根据目标主机的CPU来定义调优参数
1. when的基本使用
- 在ansible中,使用的条件判断是when
1.1 when的基本示例
[ansible@master ansible]$ vim when-rhel.yaml - name: install vim hosts: test tasks: - name: install vim via yum yum: name: vim state: present when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat"
-
ansible_os_family 这个变量可以在setup收集的信息里面找到
为什么需要用到判断呢?
因为只有在红帽系的发行版中,包管理工具使用的是yum,而在debian的系列中,使用的apt,所以如果你管理的主机有红帽系的,也有debian系的,那么就需要写一个判断来让他们分开执行
[ansible@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook when-rhel.yaml TASK [install vim via yum] ***************************************************** ok: [192.168.200.200] ok: [192.168.200.210] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************* 192.168.200.200 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 192.168.200.210 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
通过这个回显我们可以得知,任务他是要执行的,但是由于我们的系统上有vim,所以他没有发生改变,显示的是ok
那我们将ansible_os_family == "RedHat" 改为Debian看看呢
- name: install vim hosts: test tasks: - name: install vim via yum yum: name: vim state: present when: ansible_os_family == "Debain"
执行剧本
[ansible@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook when-rhel.yaml PLAY [install vim] ************************************************************* TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************* ok: [192.168.200.200] ok: [192.168.200.210] TASK [install vim via yum] ***************************************************** skipping: [192.168.200.210] skipping: [192.168.200.200] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************* 192.168.200.200 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0 192.168.200.210 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=1 rescued=0 ignored=0
可以看到,他的状态是skipping,也就说跳过的意思,因为他没有跟条件语句匹配上,所以他不会执行
1.2比较运算符
在ansible中,支持以下比较运算符
- ==:比较两个对象是否相等
- !=:比较两个对象是否不相等
- >:比较两个对象的大小
- <
- >=
- <=
1.3 比较运算符示例
- when: ansible_machine == "x86_64"
- when: ansible_memtotal_mb >= 1024
1.4 逻辑运算符
- and: 逻辑与,当两边都为真时为真
- or:逻辑或,当有一边为真时为真
- not:逻辑否,对表达式取反
- ():可以将多个语句写到一个括号里面,括号内的表达式都是逻辑与的关系
1.5 逻辑运算符示例
- when: ansible_distribution == "openEuler" or nsible_distribution == "RedHat"
- 表示判断操作系统是openEuler或者RedHat任意一者都行
- when: ansible_machine == "x86_64" and ansible_memtotal_mb > 1024
- 表示架构必须是x86并且机器的内存得大于1024m才行
2. 条件判断与block
-
假设现在的场景是这样的,操作系统刚装完,现在需要你对这些系统进行一些初始化的操作,比如安装一些必要的软件包,关闭防火墙,selinux,但是现在有一个问题,就是这些操作系统并不一定都是红帽,可能还有Debian,Debian上面的操作跟红帽的操作就又不一样了啊
-
如果我们按照之前的思维,那么就是安装软件包的时候有一个判断语句,关闭selinux又是一个判断语句,这样下来我们就需要写很多一模一样的判断语句了,能不能只写一条,这条判断语句过了之后直接执行对应的一系列任务呢? 是可以的
2.1 block示例
[ansible@master ansible]$ vim block.yaml - name: block hosts: test tasks: - block: - name: install software yum: name: vim state: present - name: disable Selinux selinux: policy: targeted state: disabled - name: disabled firewalld systemd: name: firewalld state: stopped enabled: no when: ansible_os_family == "RedHat" - block: - name: install software apt: name: vim state: present when: ansible_os_family == "Debian"
通过加上block之后,在block里面定义的任务就是一个整体了,那么条件判断也是针对这个block的,如果条件判断返回为真之后,那么这个block里面的所有任务都会被执行
- 我们的第一个block就是来判断是否为红帽系的系统,如果是的话那么就会执行那3个任务
- 如果我们使用的系统是Debian系列的话,那么就会执行第二个block了
2.2 rescue
block除了能和when一起使用之外,还可以和rescue一起使用,作用是能做错误处理
[ansible@master ansible]$ vim rescue.yaml - name: rescue hosts: test tasks: - block: - name: test file exist shell: "ls /aaa.txt" rescue: - name: print file is not exist debug: msg: 'file is not exist'
我们的文件 /aaa.txt是不存在的,所以他执行这个任务会报错,但是正常情况下,举报报错就会停止执行了,后面的任务也就不会有输出了,rescue就是来做错误处理的,如果这里面有错误的话,他不会影响剧本执行,反而还会触发resue字段里的任务
[ansible@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook rescue.yaml PLAY [rescue] ****************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************* ok: [192.168.200.200] ok: [192.168.200.210] TASK [test file exist] ********************************************************* fatal: [192.168.200.210]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": "ls /aaa.txt", "delta": "0:00:00.002396", "end": "2024-06-21 10:20:25.001243", "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 2, "start": "2024-06-21 10:20:24.998847", "stderr": "ls: cannot access '/aaa.txt': No such file or directory", "stderr_lines": ["ls: cannot access '/aaa.txt': No such file or directory"], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []} fatal: [192.168.200.200]: FAILED! => {"changed": true, "cmd": "ls /aaa.txt", "delta": "0:00:01.003922", "end": "2024-06-21 10:20:25.992768", "msg": "non-zero return code", "rc": 2, "start": "2024-06-21 10:20:24.988846", "stderr": "ls: cannot access '/aaa.txt': No such file or directory", "stderr_lines": ["ls: cannot access '/aaa.txt': No such file or directory"], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []} TASK [print file is not exist] ************************************************* ok: [192.168.200.210] => { "msg": "file is not exist" } ok: [192.168.200.200] => { "msg": "file is not exist" } PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************* 192.168.200.200 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=1 ignored=0 192.168.200.210 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=1 ignored=0
我们可以看到,执行命令报错了,但是任务剧本没有被打断,后面还输出了file is not exist
那我们来将文件改为存在的,看看rescue还会执行吗
[ansible@master ansible]$ vim rescue.yaml - name: rescue hosts: test tasks: - block: - name: test file exist shell: "ls /etc/passwd" rescue: - name: print file is not exist debug: msg: 'file is not exist'
执行这个剧本
[ansible@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook rescue.yaml [ansible@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook rescue.yaml PLAY [rescue] ****************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************* ok: [192.168.200.210] ok: [192.168.200.200] TASK [test file exist] ********************************************************* changed: [192.168.200.200] changed: [192.168.200.210] PLAY RECAP ********************************************************************* 192.168.200.200 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 192.168.200.210 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
我们可以看到,这个任务执行成功了,他没有输出rescue里面定义的任务
也就是说,只有block里面的任务出错的时候rescue才会接管任务,平时是不会执行的
2.3 always
当block执行失败,rescue才会执行;而无论block失败还是成功,always里面的任务都将会执行
- name: always hosts: test tasks: - block: - name: success debug: msg: "this is success task" - name: faild debug: msg: "{{ aaa }}" rescue: - name: print faile debug: msg: "Task failure" always: - name: print always debug: msg: "This task is always performed"
这个剧本定义了一个成功的任务,一个失败的任务,当有任务失败的时候会触发rescue,当所以任务执行完之后会执行always
[ansible@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook always.yaml [ansible@master ansible]$ ansible-playbook always.yaml PLAY [always] ****************************************************************** TASK [Gathering Facts] ********************************************************* ok: [192.168.200.210] ok: [192.168.200.200] TASK [success] ***************************************************************** ok: [192.168.200.210] => { "msg": "this is success task" } ok: [192.168.200.200] => { "msg": "this is success task" } TASK [faild] ******************************************************************* fatal: [192.168.200.210]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The task includes an option with an undefined variable. The error was: 'aaa' is undefined\n\nThe error appears to be in '/home/ansible/ansible/always.yaml': line 8, column 11, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n msg: \"this is success task\"\n - name: faild\n ^ here\n"} fatal: [192.168.200.200]: FAILED! => {"msg": "The task includes an option with an undefined variable. The error was: 'aaa' is undefined\n\nThe error appears to be in '/home/ansible/ansible/always.yaml': line 8, column 11, but may\nbe elsewhere in the file depending on the exact syntax problem.\n\nThe offending line appears to be:\n\n msg: \"this is success task\"\n - name: faild\n ^ here\n"} TASK [print faile] ************************************************************* ok: [192.168.200.210] => { "msg": "Task failure" } ok: [192.168.200.200] => { "msg": "Task failure" } TASK [print always] ************************************************************ ok: [192.168.200.210] => { "msg": "This task is always performed" } ok: [192.168.200.200] => { "msg": "This task is always performed" }