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【window环境、Linux环境、QT三种方法实现TCP通信】
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前言
大多数项目都在Linux系列的操作系统下开发服务器端，而多数客户端是在Windows平台下开发的。不仅如此，有时应用程序还需要在两个平台之间相互切换。因此，学习套接字编程的过程中，有必要兼顾Windows和Linux两大平台。另外，这两大平台下的套接字编程非常类似，如果把其中相似的部分放在一起讲解，将大大提高学习效率。只要理解好其中一个平台下的网络编程方法，就很容易通过分析差异掌握另一平台。因为不论什么方式实现，底层的逻辑都是完全一致的。
一、Windows环境下实现TCP通信
为了在Winsock基础上开发网络程序，需要做如下准备，以下两个文件都是系统自带的，包含时注意目标平台版本与库的版本一致。
导入头文件winsock2.h。
链接ws2_32.lib库（库名称和链接目录）。1.服务器
#include#include #include void ErrorHandling(char *message) { fputs(message, stderr); fputs("\n", stderr); exit(1); } int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { WSADATA wsaData; SOCKET hServSock, hClntSock; SOCKADDR_IN servAddr, clntAddr; int szClntAddr; char message[] = "Hello World!"; if (argc != 2) { printf("Usage : %s " , argv[0]); exit(1); } if (WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 2), &wsaData) != 0) ErrorHandling("WSAStartup() error!"); hServSock = socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0); if (hServSock == INVALID_SOCKET) ErrorHandling("socket() error!"); memset(&servAddr, 0, sizeof(servAddr)); servAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; servAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); servAddr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[1])); if (bind(hServSock, (SOCKADDR *)&servAddr, sizeof(servAddr)) == SOCKET_ERROR) ErrorHandling("bind() error!"); if (listen(hServSock, 5) == SOCKET_ERROR) ErrorHandling("listen() error!"); szClntAddr = sizeof(clntAddr); hClntSock = accept(hServSock, (SOCKADDR*)&clntAddr, &szClntAddr); if (hClntSock == INVALID_SOCKET) ErrorHandling("accept() error!"); fputs("sending message...", stderr); fputs("", stderr); send(hClntSock, message, sizeof(message), 0); closesocket(hClntSock); closesocket(hServSock); WSACleanup(); return 0; }- 1
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2.客户端
#include#include #include void ErrorHandling(char* message); int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { WSADATA wsaData; SOCKET hSocket; SOCKADDR_IN servAddr; char message[30]; int strlen; if (argc != 3) { printf("Usage: %s " - 1
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3.运行
运行时直接进入到可执行程序文件，使用命令行运行
C:\tcpip>tcp_win_server 9190- 1
C:\tcpip>tcp_win_client 127.0.0.1 9190- 1
二、Linux环境下实现TCP通信
1.服务端
#include#include #include #include #include #include void error_handling(char *message); int main(int argc,char *argv[]) { int serv sock; int clnt sock; struct sockaddr in serv addr; struct sockaddr in clnt addr; socklen t clnt addr size; char message[]="Hello World!"; if(argc!=2) { printf("Usage :%s \n" ,argv[0]); exit(1); } serv sock=Socket(PF INET,SOCK STREAM，0); if(serv sock ==-1) error_handling("socket() error"); memset(&serv_addr,0,sizeof(serv addr)); serv_addr.sin_family=AF INET; serv_addr.sin_addr.s addr=htonl(INADDR ANY); serv_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1])); if(bind(serv_sock,(struct sockaddr*)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr))==-1) error_handling("bind() error"); if(listen(serv sock,5)==-1) error_handling("listen() error"); clnt addr size=sizeof(clnt addr); cInt sock=accept(sery sock,(struct sockaddr*)&cInt addr,&cInt addr size); if(clnt sock==-1) error_handling("accept() error"); write(clnt_sock,message,sizeof(message)); close(clnt sock); close(serv sock);return 0; } void error handling(char *message) { fputs(message, stderr); fputc('\n',stderr); exit(1); }- 1
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2.客户端
#include#include #include #include #include #include void error handling(char *message); int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int sock; struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; char message[30]; int str_len; if(argc!-3) { printf("Usage :%s \n" - 1
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三、Qt实现TCP通信
相对于前边两种方法，QT进行了一定封装，使用起来更加简洁。
1.服务端
mainwindow.cpp
#include "mainwindow.h" #include "ui_mainwindow.h" #include#if _MSC_VER >= 1600 #pragma execution_character_set("utf-8") #endif QString MainWindow::getLocalIP() { //获取本机IPv4地址 //! 本地主机名, QHostInfo 的静态函数 localHostName()可获取本机的主机名 QString hostName = QHostInfo::localHostName(); //! 返回指定的主机名的IP地址 QHostInfo hostInfo = QHostInfo::fromName(hostName); QString localIP = ""; //! 返回与 hostName()主机关联的IP地址列表 QList<QHostAddress> addList = hostInfo.addresses();// for (int i = 0; i < addList.count(); i++) { QHostAddress aHost = addList.at(i); if (QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol == aHost.protocol()) { //192.168.23.114 localIP=aHost.toString(); break; } } return localIP; } void MainWindow::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event) {//关闭窗口时停止监听 if (tcpServer->isListening()) tcpServer->close();;//停止网络监听 event->accept(); } MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow) { ui->setupUi(this); LabListen=new QLabel("监听状态:"); LabListen->setMinimumWidth(150); ui->statusBar->addWidget(LabListen); LabSocketState=new QLabel("Socket状态：");// LabSocketState->setMinimumWidth(200); ui->statusBar->addWidget(LabSocketState); //本机IP QString localIP = getLocalIP(); this->setWindowTitle(this->windowTitle()+"----本机IP："+localIP); ui->comboIP->addItem(localIP); //! tcp服务端 tcpServer = new QTcpServer(this); //! 如果有新的连接 connect(tcpServer, SIGNAL(newConnection()), this, SLOT(onNewConnection())); } MainWindow::~MainWindow() { delete ui; } //! 服务端有新的连接时 void MainWindow::onNewConnection() { // ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("有新连接"); //! 创建socket,返回下一个等待接入的连接 tcpSocket = tcpServer->nextPendingConnection(); //! connectToHost()成功连接到服务器后发射此信号,连接成功后显示 connect(tcpSocket, SIGNAL(connected()), this, SLOT(onClientConnected())); //! 客户端接入时 onClientConnected(); //! 当socket断开连接后发射此信号 connect(tcpSocket, SIGNAL(disconnected()), this, SLOT(onClientDisconnected())); //! 当socket的状态变化时发射此信号,参数socketState表示了socket当前的状态 connect(tcpSocket,SIGNAL(stateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState)), this, SLOT(onSocketStateChange(QAbstractSocket::SocketState))); onSocketStateChange(tcpSocket->state()); //! 当缓冲区有新数据需要读取时发射此信号，在此信号的槽函数里读取缓冲区的数据 connect(tcpSocket, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(onSocketReadyRead())); } //socket状态变化时 void MainWindow::onSocketStateChange(QAbstractSocket::SocketState socketState) { switch(socketState) { case QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：UnconnectedState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::HostLookupState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：HostLookupState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::ConnectingState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：ConnectingState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：ConnectedState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::BoundState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：BoundState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::ClosingState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：ClosingState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::ListeningState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：ListeningState"); } } //客户端接入时 void MainWindow::onClientConnected() { ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**client socket connected"); ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**peer name:" + tcpSocket->peerName()); //! 在已连接状态下，返回对方socket的地址 ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**peer address:" + tcpSocket->peerAddress().toString()); ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**peer port:" + QString::number(tcpSocket->peerPort())); } void MainWindow::onClientDisconnected() {//客户端断开连接时 ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**client socket disconnected"); tcpSocket->deleteLater(); // deleteLater();//QObject::deleteLater(); } void MainWindow::onSocketReadyRead() {//读取缓冲区行文本 // QStringList lines; while(tcpSocket->canReadLine()) ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("[in] " + tcpSocket->readLine()); // lines.append(clientConnection->readLine()); } //开始监听 void MainWindow::on_actStart_triggered() { //! IP地址 QString IP = ui->comboIP->currentText(); //! 端口 quint16 port = ui->spinPort->value(); QHostAddress addr(IP); tcpServer->listen(addr, port);// // tcpServer->listen(QHostAddress::LocalHost,port);// Equivalent to QHostAddress("127.0.0.1"). ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**开始监听..."); ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**服务器地址：" + tcpServer->serverAddress().toString()); ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**服务器端口：" + QString::number(tcpServer->serverPort())); ui->actStart->setEnabled(false); ui->actStop->setEnabled(true); LabListen->setText("监听状态：正在监听"); } void MainWindow::on_actStop_triggered() {//停止监听 if (tcpServer->isListening()) //tcpServer正在监听 { tcpServer->close();//停止监听 ui->actStart->setEnabled(true); ui->actStop->setEnabled(false); LabListen->setText("监听状态：已停止监听"); } } void MainWindow::on_actClear_triggered() { ui->plainTextEdit->clear(); } void MainWindow::on_btnSend_clicked() {//发送一行字符串，以换行符结束 QString msg=ui->editMsg->text(); ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("[out] "+msg); ui->editMsg->clear(); ui->editMsg->setFocus(); QByteArray str=msg.toUtf8(); str.append('\n');//添加一个换行符 tcpSocket->write(str); } void MainWindow::on_actHostInfo_triggered() {//获取本机地址 QString hostName=QHostInfo::localHostName();//本地主机名 ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("本机主机名："+hostName+"\n"); QHostInfo hostInfo=QHostInfo::fromName(hostName); QList<QHostAddress> addList=hostInfo.addresses();// if (!addList.isEmpty()) for (int i=0;i<addList.count();i++) { QHostAddress aHost=addList.at(i); if (QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol==aHost.protocol()) { QString IP=aHost.toString(); ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("本机IP地址："+aHost.toString()); if (ui->comboIP->findText(IP)<0) ui->comboIP->addItem(IP); } } } mainwindow.h ```cpp #ifndef MAINWINDOW_H #define MAINWINDOW_H #include #include #include namespace Ui { class MainWindow; } class MainWindow : public QMainWindow { Q_OBJECT private: QLabel *LabListen;//状态栏标签 QLabel *LabSocketState;//状态栏标签 QTcpServer *tcpServer; //TCP服务器 QTcpSocket *tcpSocket;//TCP通讯的Socket QString getLocalIP();//获取本机IP地址 protected: void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event); public: explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0); ~MainWindow(); private slots: //自定义槽函数 void onNewConnection();//QTcpServer的newConnection()信号 void onSocketStateChange(QAbstractSocket::SocketState socketState); void onClientConnected(); //Client Socket connected void onClientDisconnected();//Client Socket disconnected void onSocketReadyRead();//读取socket传入的数据 //UI生成的 void on_actStart_triggered(); void on_actStop_triggered(); void on_actClear_triggered(); void on_btnSend_clicked(); void on_actHostInfo_triggered(); private: Ui::MainWindow *ui; }; #endif // MAINWINDOW_H - 1
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1.客户端
mainwindow.cpp
#include "mainwindow.h" #include "ui_mainwindow.h" #include#include #if _MSC_VER >= 1600 #pragma execution_character_set("utf-8") #endif QString MainWindow::getLocalIP() { QString hostName = QHostInfo::localHostName();//本地主机名 QHostInfo hostInfo = QHostInfo::fromName(hostName); QString localIP = ""; QList<QHostAddress> addList = hostInfo.addresses();// for (int i = 0; i < addList.count(); i++) { QHostAddress aHost = addList.at(i); if (QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol == aHost.protocol()) { localIP=aHost.toString(); break; } } return localIP; } void MainWindow::closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event) { if (tcpClient->state()==QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState) tcpClient->disconnectFromHost(); event->accept(); } MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) : QMainWindow(parent), ui(new Ui::MainWindow) { ui->setupUi(this); tcpClient = new QTcpSocket(this); //创建socket变量 LabSocketState=new QLabel("Socket状态：");//状态栏标签 LabSocketState->setMinimumWidth(250); ui->statusBar->addWidget(LabSocketState); //本机IP QString localIP = getLocalIP(); this->setWindowTitle(this->windowTitle() + "----本机IP：" + localIP); ui->comboServer->addItem(localIP); connect(tcpClient,SIGNAL(connected()),this,SLOT(onConnected())); connect(tcpClient,SIGNAL(disconnected()),this,SLOT(onDisconnected())); connect(tcpClient,SIGNAL(stateChanged(QAbstractSocket::SocketState)),this, SLOT(onSocketStateChange(QAbstractSocket::SocketState))); connect(tcpClient,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(onSocketReadyRead())); } MainWindow::~MainWindow() { delete ui; } void MainWindow::onConnected() { //connected()信号槽函数 ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**已连接到服务器"); ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**peer address:" + tcpClient->peerAddress().toString()); ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**peer port:" + QString::number(tcpClient->peerPort())); ui->actConnect->setEnabled(false); ui->actDisconnect->setEnabled(true); } void MainWindow::onDisconnected() {//disConnected()信号槽函数 ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("**已断开与服务器的连接"); ui->actConnect->setEnabled(true); ui->actDisconnect->setEnabled(false); } void MainWindow::onSocketReadyRead() {//readyRead()信号槽函数 while(tcpClient->canReadLine()) ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("[in] "+tcpClient->readLine()); } void MainWindow::onSocketStateChange(QAbstractSocket::SocketState socketState) {//stateChange()信号槽函数 switch(socketState) { case QAbstractSocket::UnconnectedState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：UnconnectedState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::HostLookupState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：HostLookupState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::ConnectingState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：ConnectingState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：ConnectedState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::BoundState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：BoundState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::ClosingState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：ClosingState"); break; case QAbstractSocket::ListeningState: LabSocketState->setText("scoket状态：ListeningState"); } } void MainWindow::on_actConnect_triggered() {//连接到服务器 QString addr=ui->comboServer->currentText(); quint16 port=ui->spinPort->value(); tcpClient->connectToHost(addr,port); // tcpClient->connectToHost(QHostAddress::LocalHost,port); } void MainWindow::on_actDisconnect_triggered() {//断开与服务器的连接 if (tcpClient->state()==QAbstractSocket::ConnectedState) tcpClient->disconnectFromHost(); } void MainWindow::on_actClear_triggered() { ui->plainTextEdit->clear(); } void MainWindow::on_btnSend_clicked() {//发送数据 QString msg=ui->editMsg->text(); ui->plainTextEdit->appendPlainText("[out] "+msg); ui->editMsg->clear(); ui->editMsg->setFocus(); QByteArray str = msg.toUtf8(); str.append('\n'); tcpClient->write(str); } - 1
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mainwindow.h
#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H #define MAINWINDOW_H #include#include #include namespace Ui { class MainWindow; } class MainWindow : public QMainWindow { Q_OBJECT private: QTcpSocket *tcpClient; //socket QLabel *LabSocketState; //状态栏显示标签 QString getLocalIP();//获取本机IP地址 protected: void closeEvent(QCloseEvent *event); public: explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0); ~MainWindow(); private slots: //自定义槽函数 void onConnected(); void onDisconnected(); void onSocketStateChange(QAbstractSocket::SocketState socketState); void onSocketReadyRead();//读取socket传入的数据 // void on_actConnect_triggered(); void on_actDisconnect_triggered(); void on_actClear_triggered(); void on_btnSend_clicked(); private: Ui::MainWindow *ui; }; #endif // MAINWINDOW_H - 1
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总结
以上就是今天要讲的内容，本文整理了三种实现TCP通信的方法，从上层到偏底层，对于新手理解通信原理有极大帮助。
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42723793/article/details/137965538