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LAMP(Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP)环境介绍、配置、搭建
LAMP(Linux+Apache+MySQL+PHP)环境介绍、配置、搭建
LAMP介绍
LAMP是由Linux， Apache， MySQL， PHP组成的，即把Apache、MySQL以及PHP安装在Linux系统上，组成一个环境来运行PHP的脚本语言。Apache是最常用的Web服务软件，而MySQL是比较小型的数据库软件。三个角色可以安装在一台机器上，也可以分开（但httpd和php要在一起的）
为什么需要LAMP?
手动逐个编译安装各个组件，需要输入各种命令，且有可能会中途出错。
对于想要成功搭建 LAMP 建站环境来说，可以节约大量时间和精力。LAMP 有什么优点？
LAMP 是最经典的建站环境之一，风靡世界十几年。
而本脚本只需几个简单交互，选择需要安装的包，即可一路安装，无人值守。准备工作
yum install -y bzip2 tar net-tools wget expect- 1
安装MySQL：
MySQL介绍
MySQL是一个关系型数据库，由mysql ab公司开发，mysql在2008年被sun公司收购（10亿刀），2009年sun公司被oracle公司收购（74亿刀）
MySQL官网https://www.mysql.com 最新版本5.7GA/8.0DMR
MySQL5.6变化比较大，5.7性能上有很大提升
MySQL安装过程
# 安装必要的软件包 yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake # 添加mysql用户，设置不登录 useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql # 解压MySQL源码 tar xf /opt/mysql-5.7.17.tar.gz -C /opt # 解压Boost源码 tar xf /opt/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local/ # 重命名Boost源码目录 mv -f /usr/local/boost_1_59_0 /usr/local/boost # 进入MySQL源码目录 cd /opt/mysql-5.7.17 # 配置MySQL编译选项 cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost \ -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1 # 使用多核编译并安装 make -j $(nproc) && make install # 修改MySQL安装目录及配置文件的权限 chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf # 将自定义的my.cnf配置文件移动到/etc并修改权限 cp -f /opt/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/ chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf # 在环境变量中添加MySQL/bin路径 echo "PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" >> /etc/profile source /etc/profile # 初始化MySQL数据库 cd /usr/local/mysql/bin/ ./mysqld \ --initialize-insecure \ --user=mysql \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data # 复制MySQL的systemd服务文件 cp -f /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ # 重新加载systemd配置 systemctl daemon-reload # 启动MySQL服务并设置开机自启动 systemctl start mysqld.service systemctl enable mysqld # 检查MySQL服务是否正常运行在3306端口 netstat -anpt | grep 3306- 1
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my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 default-character-set=utf8 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysql] port = 3306 default-character-set=utf8 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data port = 3306 character-set-server=utf8 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock bind-address = 0.0.0.0 skip-name-resolve max_connections=2048 default-storage-engine=INNODB max_allowed_packet=16M server-id = 1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES- 1
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mysql设置用户密码脚本
#!/usr/bin/expect set timeout 30 spawn mysqladmin -u root -p password \"123456\" expect { "*password*" {send "\r"} } expect eof- 1
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安装Httpd(Apache)
脚本源代码：
#!/bin/bash # 安装软件包 function install_packages { yum install -y $1 } # 提取tarball文件并将其解压到/opt目录下 function extract_tarball { tar xf $1 -C /opt } # 配置并编译安装软件 function configure_and_make { cd $1 ./configure $2 make -j $(nproc) && make install } # 配置Apache，将IP和端口替换为更安全的值 function configure_httpd { LOCAL_IP=$(ip addr show ens33 | grep "inet " | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d/ -f1) sed -i "s/Listen 80/Listen $LOCAL_IP:80/g" /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf sed -i "s/#ServerName www.example.com:80/ServerName $LOCAL_IP:80/" /usr/local/httpd/conf/httpd.conf } # 启动服务并设置开机自启动 function start_service { systemctl daemon-reload systemctl start $1.service systemctl enable $1 } # 创建符号链接 function create_symbolic_links { local source_path="$1" local target_path="$2" # 检查是否以root身份运行 if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then echo "必须以root身份运行此脚本。" >&2 return 1 fi # 遍历源路径下的文件，创建符号链接 for file in "$source_path"/* do base=$(basename "$file") link_target="$target_path/$base" # 检查目标是否已存在 if [ -L "$link_target" ]; then echo "警告：$link_target 已存在，将被覆盖。" >&2 else if [ -e "$file" ]; then echo "创建符号链接: $file => $link_target" ln -s -T "$file" "$link_target" || { echo "创建链接失败，请检查权限和路径。" >&2; return 1; } else echo "错误：$file 不存在。" >&2 return 1 fi fi done } # 主脚本逻辑开始 extract_tarball "/opt/apr-1.6.2.tar.gz" extract_tarball "/opt/apr-util-1.6.0.tar.gz" extract_tarball "/opt/httpd-2.4.29.tar.bz2" mv /opt/apr-1.6.2 /opt/httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr mv /opt/apr-util-1.6.0 /opt/httpd-2.4.29/srclib/apr-util # 安装编译依赖包 install_packages \ "gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel expat-devel perl" # 配置并编译安装Apache configure_and_make "/opt/httpd-2.4.29" \ "--prefix=/usr/local/httpd \ --enable-so \ --enable-rewrite \ --enable-charset-lite \ --enable-cgi" configure_httpd # 创建必要的符号链接 create_symbolic_links "/usr/local/httpd/conf" "/etc" create_symbolic_links "/usr/local/httpd/bin" "/usr/local/bin" # 创建Apache的systemd服务文件 echo '[Unit] Description=The Apache HTTP After=network.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/usr/local/httpd/logs/httpd.pid ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/apachectl $OPTIONS ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID ' > /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service # 启动Apache服务并设置开机自启动 start_service httpd- 1
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安装PHP
#!/bin/bash # 主脚本，用于环境配置和软件安装 # 安装软件包 # # 参数: # $1: 要安装的软件包名称 function install_packages { yum install -y $1 } # 提取tarball文件 # # 参数: # $1: 要提取的tarball文件路径 function extract_tarball { tar xf $1 -C /opt } # 配置并编译软件 # # 参数: # $1: 软件源代码目录 # $2: 配置参数 function configure_and_make { cd $1 ./configure $2 make -j $(nproc) && make install } function create_symbolic_links { local source_path="$1" local target_path="$2" # 检查是否以root身份运行 if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then echo "必须以root身份运行此脚本。" >&2 return 1 fi # 遍历源路径下的文件 for file in "$source_path"/* do base=$(basename "$file") link_target="$target_path/$base" # 检查目标是否已存在 if [ -L "$link_target" ]; then echo "警告：$link_target 已存在，将被覆盖。" >&2 else if [ -e "$file" ]; then echo "创建符号链接: $file => $link_target" ln -s -T "$file" "$link_target" || { echo "创建链接失败，请检查权限和路径。" >&2; return 1; } else echo "错误：$file 不存在。" >&2 return 1 fi fi done # 配置PHP环境 function configure_php { # 定义变量 PHP_INI_SRC=/opt/php-7.1.24/php.ini-development PHP_INI_DEST=/usr/local/php7/php.ini HTTPD_CONF=/etc/httpd.conf HTTPD_HTDICT=/usr/local/httpd/htdocs MYSQL_INIT_SH=/opt/mysql_init2.exp UNZIP_FILE=/opt/Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip DIS_DIR=/opt/dis/dir_SC_UTF8/upload BBS_DIR=/usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs # 复制并配置php.ini cp -f "$PHP_INI_SRC" "$PHP_INI_DEST" sed -i 's/;date.timezone =/date.timezone = Asia\/Shanghai/g' /usr/local/php7/php.ini sed -i "s/mysqli.default_socket =/mysqli.default_socket = \/usr\/local\/mysql\/mysql.sock/g" /usr/local/php7/php.ini # 配置php命令的符号链接 # 修改httpd.conf以支持PHP sed -i 's/DirectoryIndex index.html/DirectoryIndex index.php/g' "$HTTPD_CONF" sed -i -e '396a\AddType application/x-httpd-php .php\nAddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps' "$HTTPD_CONF" # 重置index.php并重启httpd服务 rm -f "$HTTPD_HTDICT/index.html" touch "$HTTPD_HTDICT/index.php" echo '' >"$HTTPD_HTDICT/index.php" chmod 644 "$HTTPD_HTDICT/index.php" systemctl restart httpd.service # 安装unzip，解压Discuz!并配置权限 sudo yum install unzip -y unzip -f "$UNZIP_FILE" -d "$DIS_DIR" cp -r /opt/dis/dir_SC_UTF8/upload/ /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs chmod 755 "$MYSQL_INIT_SH" chmod -R 755 "$DIS_DIR" chown -R daemon "$BBS_DIR/config" chown -R daemon "$BBS_DIR/data" chown -R daemon "$BBS_DIR/uc_client" chown -R daemon "$BBS_DIR/uc_server/data" # 复制并配置php.ini cp -f "$PHP_INI_SRC" "$PHP_INI_DEST" sed -i 's/;date.timezone =/date.timezone = Asia\/Shanghai/g' /usr/local/php7/php.ini sed -i "s/mysqli.default_socket =/mysqli.default_socket = \/usr\/local\/mysql\/mysql.sock/g" /usr/local/php7/php.ini # 配置php命令的符号链接 create_symbolic_links "/usr/local/php7/bin/*" "/usr/local/bin/" # 修改httpd.conf以支持PHP sed -i 's/DirectoryIndex index.html/DirectoryIndex index.php/g' "$HTTPD_CONF" sed -i -e '396a\AddType application/x-httpd-php .php\nAddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps' "$HTTPD_CONF" # 重置index.php并重启httpd服务 rm -f "$HTTPD_HTDICT/index.html" touch "$HTTPD_HTDICT/index.php" echo '' > "$HTTPD_HTDICT/index.php" chmod 644 "$HTTPD_HTDICT/index.php" systemctl restart httpd.service # 安装unzip，解压Discuz!并配置权限 sudo yum install unzip -y unzip -f "$UNZIP_FILE" -d "$DIS_DIR" cp -r /opt/dis/dir_SC_UTF8/upload/ /usr/local/httpd/htdocs/bbs chmod 755 "$MYSQL_INIT_SH" chmod -R 755 "$DIS_DIR" chown -R daemon "$BBS_DIR/config" chown -R daemon "$BBS_DIR/data" chown -R daemon "$BBS_DIR/uc_client" chown -R daemon "$BBS_DIR/uc_server/data" # 确认设置完成 echo "Setup completed." } # 执行PHP安装流程 install_packages \ "gd libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel curl curl-devel openssl openssl-devel" extract_tarball "/opt/php-7.1.24.tar.gz" configure_and_make "/opt/php-7.1.24" \ "--prefix=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-apxs2=/usr/local/httpd/bin/apxs \ --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php7 \ --with-mysqli \ --with-zlib \ --with-curl \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-openssl \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-xml \ --enable-session \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-pdo \ --enable-tokenizer" configure_php systemctl restart httpd- 1
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安装论坛
创建数据库脚本
#!/usr/bin/expect set timeout 30 set password "123456" spawn mysql -uroot -p expect { "*password*" {send "$password\r"} } expect ">*" send "CREATE DATABASE bbs;\r" expect ">*" send "GRANT all ON bbs.* TO 'bbsuser'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'admin123';\r" expect ">*" send "flush privileges;\r" expect ">*" send "quit\r" expect eof- 1
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/qq_18296979/article/details/138167415
