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Linux 下安装MySQL 5.7与 8.0详情
1、检查 /tmp 临时目录权限，将 /tmp 目录及所有子目录和文件的权限设置为所有用户可读、写和执行
[root@localhost ~]# chmod -R 777 /tmp- 1
2、安装前检查相关依赖
2.1、查找是否安装了 libaio 包。libaio 是 Linux 下异步 I/O 库的一个实现，用于提供异步 I/O 支持。
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep libaio libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64- 1
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2.2、查找是否安装了 net-tools 包。net-tools 包含了一些网络管理工具，如 ifconfig、netstat 等。通过 rpm -qa 命令可以列出系统上所有已安装的 RPM 包，然后通过管道 | 将结果传递给 grep 命令，用于过滤出包含 “net-tools” 字样的行。
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa|grep net-tools net-tools-2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7.x86_64- 1
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3、安装
3.1、将下载的安装包通过 finals hell等相关工具上传至CentOS 7中，切换路径并列出目录中的文件和子目录
3.1.1、 MySQL8.0需要的安装包如下
[root@localhost mysql80]# ll 总用量 489744 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 47810444 4月 20 02:05 mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 193616 4月 20 02:04 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 628904 4月 20 02:04 mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4240320 4月 20 02:04 mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 448614076 4月 20 02:08 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm- 1
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3.1.2、MySQL 5.7 需要的安装包如下：
[root@rqtanc mysql57]# ll 总用量 252444 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 45109364 4月 20 01:15 mysql-community-client-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 318768 4月 20 01:13 mysql-community-common-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 4374364 4月 20 01:13 mysql-community-libs-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 208694824 4月 20 01:16 mysql-community-server-5.7.28-1.el7.x86_64.rpm- 1
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3.2 按序安装
3.2.1、安装 mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm（5.7同理）
[root@localhost mysql80]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 警告：mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 准备中... ################################# [100%] 正在升级/安装... 1:mysql-community-common-8.0.25-1.e################################# [100%]- 1
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3.2.2、安装 mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@localhost mysql80]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 警告：mysql-community-client-plugins-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 准备中... ################################# [100%] 正在升级/安装... 1:mysql-community-client-plugins-8.################################# [100%]- 1
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3.2.3、 安装 mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm （5.7同理）
[root@localhost mysql80]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 警告：mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 错误：依赖检测失败： mariadb-libs 被 mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64 取代- 1
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3.2.3.1、 错误：依赖检测失败： mariadb-libs 被 mysql-community-libs-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64 取代，执行以下命令，完成后 再次执行 3.2.3
[root@localhost mysql80]# yum remove mysql-libs 已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 mariadb-libs.x86_64.1.5.5.68-1.el7 将被 删除 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18()(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在处理依赖关系 libmysqlclient.so.18(libmysqlclient_18)(64bit)，它被软件包 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 需要 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 postfix.x86_64.2.2.10.1-9.el7 将被 删除 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 =================================================================================================================================================================================== Package 架构 版本 源 大小 =================================================================================================================================================================================== 正在删除: mariadb-libs x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 @anaconda 4.4 M 为依赖而移除: postfix x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7 @anaconda 12 M 事务概要 =================================================================================================================================================================================== 移除 1 软件包 (+1 依赖软件包) 安装大小：17 M 是否继续？[y/N]：y Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 警告：RPM 数据库已被非 yum 程序修改。 正在删除 : 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 1/2 正在删除 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 2/2 验证中 : 1:mariadb-libs-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 1/2 验证中 : 2:postfix-2.10.1-9.el7.x86_64 2/2 删除: mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 作为依赖被删除: postfix.x86_64 2:2.10.1-9.el7 完毕！- 1
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3.2.4 安装mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm （5.7同理）
[root@localhost mysql80]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 警告：mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 准备中... ################################# [100%] 正在升级/安装... 1:mysql-community-client-8.0.25-1.e################################# [100%]- 1
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3.2.5 安装 mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm （5.7同理）
[root@localhost mysql80]# rpm -ivh mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm 警告：mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, 密钥 ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY 准备中... ################################# [100%] 正在升级/安装... 1:mysql-community-server-8.0.25-1.e################################# [100%]- 1
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3.3、查看MySQL安装版本
[root@localhost mysql80]# mysql --version mysql Ver 8.0.25 for Linux on x86_64 (MySQL Community Server - GPL)- 1
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3.4、初始化服务
[root@localhost mysql80]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql- 1
说明：initialize 选项默认以“安全”模式来初始化，将root 用户生成一个密码并标记为已过期，登录后重新设置，临时密码会保存在日志中。 查看密码执行以下命令：
[root@localhost mysql80]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log 2024-04-20T09:36:54.908453Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.25) initializing of server in progress as process 7431 2024-04-20T09:36:55.233056Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2024-04-20T09:37:03.480555Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2024-04-20T09:37:10.045138Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: se)Xw%po6fuy- 1
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3.5、查看MySQL运行状态
[root@localhost mysql80]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: inactive (dead) Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html- 1
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3.6、启动MySQL服务并再次查看运行状态
[root@localhost mysql80]# systemctl start mysqld [root@localhost mysql80]# systemctl status mysqld ● mysqld.service - MySQL Server Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled) Active: active (running) since 六 2024-04-20 02:43:42 PDT; 12s ago Docs: man:mysqld(8) http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html Process: 14736 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysqld_pre_systemd (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) Main PID: 15031 (mysqld) Status: "Server is operational" Tasks: 38 CGroup: /system.slice/mysqld.service └─15031 /usr/sbin/mysqld 4月 20 02:42:44 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting MySQL Server... 4月 20 02:43:42 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started MySQL Server.- 1
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3.7、查看MySQL服务是否自启动
[root@localhost mysql80]# systemctl list-unit-files|grep mysqld.service mysqld.service enabled- 1
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3.7.1 、 如果不希望自行启动，执行以下命令进行设置
[root@localhost mysql80]# systemctl disable mysqld.service Removed symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service. [root@localhost mysql80]# systemctl list-unit-files|grep mysqld.service mysqld.service disabled- 1
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3.7.2、 如果需要设置自行启动，执行以下命令进行设置
[root@localhost mysql80]# systemctl enable mysqld.service Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mysqld.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service. [root@localhost mysql80]# systemctl list-unit-files|grep mysqld.service mysqld.service enabled- 1
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4、MySQL登录
4.1、首次登录，执行
cat /var/log/mysqld.log查看默认密码并进行登录[root@localhost mysql80]# cat /var/log/mysqld.log 2024-04-20T09:36:54.908453Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.25) initializing of server in progress as process 7431 2024-04-20T09:36:55.233056Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2024-04-20T09:37:03.480555Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2024-04-20T09:37:10.045138Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: se)Xw%po6fuy 2024-04-20T09:43:20.118202Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.25) starting as process 15031 2024-04-20T09:43:20.641330Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started. 2024-04-20T09:43:37.479110Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended. 2024-04-20T09:43:40.281934Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Bind-address: '::' port: 33060, socket: /var/run/mysqld/mysqlx.sock 2024-04-20T09:43:42.214332Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem is self signed. 2024-04-20T09:43:42.214736Z 0 [System] [MY-013602] [Server] Channel mysql_main configured to support TLS. Encrypted connections are now supported for this channel. 2024-04-20T09:43:42.402257Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.25' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server - GPL. [root@localhost mysql80]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.25 Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql>- 1
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4.2、修改密码
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '123456'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)- 1
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4.3、 退出并重新登录
5、远程连接
5.1、查看当前防火墙状态
[root@localhost mysql80]# systemctl status firewalld ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since 六 2024-04-20 00:38:18 PDT; 2h 35min ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 689 (firewalld) Tasks: 2 CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service └─689 /usr/bin/python2 -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid 4月 20 00:38:10 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Starting firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon... 4月 20 00:38:18 localhost.localdomain systemd[1]: Started firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon. 4月 20 00:38:19 localhost.localdomain firewalld[689]: WARNING: AllowZoneDrifting is enabled. This is considered an insecure configuration option. It will be removed ...ng it now. Hint: Some lines were ellipsized, use -l to show in full.- 1
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5.2、开放端口
[root@localhost mysql80]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent success- 1
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5.3、重新加载防火墙
[root@localhost mysql80]# firewall-cmd --reload- 1
5.4、验证：使用以下命令验证防火墙是否正确配置来允许 3306 端口的流量通过：
[root@localhost ~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports 3306/tcp- 1
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5.5、使用DataGrip等相关工具进行连接
解决方式：
5.5.1登录mysql[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 19 Server version: 8.0.25 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.- 1
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5.5.2、查看相关数据库，使用mysql数据库，查看user表相关信息如下，root用户只允许本机连接
mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (1.54 sec) mysql> use mysql; Database changed mysql> select host,user from user; +-----------+------------------+ | host | user | +-----------+------------------+ | localhost | mysql.infoschema | | localhost | mysql.session | | localhost | mysql.sys | | localhost | root | +-----------+------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)- 1
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5.5.3、修改root 用户对应的host，建议严格校验，此处设置为允许任何客户端进行连接
mysql> update user set host = '%' where user = 'root'; Query OK, 1 row affected (2.21 sec) Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0- 1
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5.5.4、刷新权限使其生效
mysql> flush privileges; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.64 sec)- 1
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- 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/badBoy_badMan/article/details/138002019
