享元模式(Flyweight Pattern)又称为轻量模式,是对象池的一种实现。类似于线程池,线程池可以避免不停的创建和销毁多个对象,销毁性能。提供了减少对象数量从而改善应用所需的对象结构的方式。其宗旨是共享细粒度对象,将多个对同一对象的访问集中起来,不必为每个访问者创建一个单独的对象,以此来降低内存的消耗,属于结构型模式。
应用场景:
利用缓存机制实现享元模式:
- import java.util.Map;
- import java.util.Random;
- import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
-
- interface ITicket{
- void showInfo(String bunk);
- }
-
- class TrainTicket implements ITicket{
- private String from;
- private String to;
- private int price;
-
- public TrainTicket(String from, String to) {
- this.from = from;
- this.to = to;
- }
-
- @Override
- public void showInfo(String bunk) {
- this.price = new Random().nextInt(500);
- System.out.println(String.format("%s->%s: %s价格: %s 元",this.from,this.to,bunk,this.price));
- }
- }
-
- class TicketFactory{
- private static Map
sTicketPool = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); - public static ITicket queryTicket(String from, String to){
- String key = from + "->" + to;
- if(TicketFactory.sTicketPool.containsKey(key)){
- System.out.println("使用缓存:"+ key);
- return TicketFactory.sTicketPool.get(key);
- }
- System.out.println("首次查询,创建对象:" + key);
- ITicket ticket = new TrainTicket(from, to);
- TicketFactory.sTicketPool.put(key,ticket);
- return ticket;
- }
-
- }
JDK中Integer类型使用了享元模式,例如:。在Java中-128到127之间的数据在int范围类是直接从缓存中取值的。
- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- Integer a = Integer.valueOf(100);
- Integer b = 100;
-
- Integer c = Integer.valueOf(1000);
- Integer d = 1000;
- System.out.println(a==b); //true
- System.out.println(b==d); //false
- }
- }
组合模式(Composite Pattern)也称为整体-部分模式,它的宗旨是通过将单个对象和组合对象用相同的接口进行表示,使得客户对单个对象和组合对象的使用具有一致性,属于结构型模式。
组合关系和聚合关系的区别:
透明组合模式的写法:透明组合模式把所有的公共方法都定义在Component中,这样做的好处是客户端无需分辨是叶子节点和树枝节点,它们具备完全一致性的接口;缺点是叶子节点得到一些它所不需要的方法,这与设计模式 接口隔离相违背。
- import lombok.Data;
-
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
-
- abstract class CourseComponent{
- public void addChild(CourseComponent catalogComponent){
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持添加操作");
- }
-
- public void removeChild(CourseComponent catalogComponent){
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持删除操作");
- }
- public String getName(CourseComponent catalogComponent){
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持获取名称操作");
- }
-
- public double getPrice(CourseComponent catalogComponent){
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持获取价格操作");
- }
-
- public void print(){
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持打印操作");
- }
- }
-
- @Data
- class Course extends CourseComponent{
- private String name;
- private double price;
-
- public Course(String name, double price) {
- this.name = name;
- this.price = price;
- }
-
- @Override
- public void print() {
- System.out.println(name + "(¥" + price + "元)");
- }
- }
-
- class CoursePackage extends CourseComponent{
- private List
items = new ArrayList<>(); - private String name;
- private Integer level;
-
- public CoursePackage(String name, Integer level) {
- this.name = name;
- this.level = level;
- }
-
- @Override
- public void addChild(CourseComponent catalogComponent) {
- items.add(catalogComponent);
- }
-
- @Override
- public String getName(CourseComponent catalogComponent) {
- return this.name;
- }
-
- @Override
- public void removeChild(CourseComponent catalogComponent) {
- items.remove(catalogComponent);
- }
-
- @Override
- public void print() {
- System.out.println(this.name);
-
- for (CourseComponent catalogComponent : items){
- if(this.level != null){
- for(int i=0;i<this.level;i++){
- System.out.print(" ");
- }
- for(int i=0;i<this.level;i++){
- System.out.print("-");
- }
- }
- catalogComponent.print();
- }
- }
- }
-
- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- System.out.println("=========透明组合模式==========");
- CourseComponent javaBase = new Course("Java入门",8200);
- CourseComponent ai = new Course("人工智能",5000);
-
- CourseComponent packageCourse = new CoursePackage("Java架构师",2);
- CourseComponent design = new Course("设计模式",1500);
-
- packageCourse.addChild(design);
-
- CourseComponent catalog = new CoursePackage("课程主目录",1);
- catalog.addChild(javaBase);
- catalog.addChild(ai);
- catalog.addChild(packageCourse);
-
- catalog.print();
- }
- }
安全组合模式的写法:好处是接口定义职责清晰,符合设计模式单一职责原则和接口隔离原则;缺点是客户需要区分树枝节点和叶子节点,客户端无法依赖抽象,违背了设计模式依赖倒置原则。
- import lombok.Data;
-
- import java.util.ArrayList;
- import java.util.List;
-
- abstract class CourseComponent{
- public void print(){
- throw new UnsupportedOperationException("不支持打印操作");
- }
- }
-
- @Data
- class Course extends CourseComponent{
- private String name;
- private double price;
-
- public Course(String name, double price) {
- this.name = name;
- this.price = price;
- }
-
- @Override
- public void print() {
- System.out.println(name + "(¥" + price + "元)");
- }
- }
-
- class CoursePackage extends CourseComponent{
- private List
items = new ArrayList<>(); - private String name;
- private Integer level;
-
- public CoursePackage(String name, Integer level) {
- this.name = name;
- this.level = level;
- }
-
- public void addChild(CourseComponent catalogComponent) {
- items.add(catalogComponent);
- }
-
- public String getName(CourseComponent catalogComponent) {
- return this.name;
- }
-
- public void removeChild(CourseComponent catalogComponent) {
- items.remove(catalogComponent);
- }
-
- @Override
- public void print() {
- System.out.println(this.name);
-
- for (CourseComponent catalogComponent : items){
- if(this.level != null){
- for(int i=0;i<this.level;i++){
- System.out.print(" ");
- }
- for(int i=0;i<this.level;i++){
- System.out.print("-");
- }
- }
- catalogComponent.print();
- }
- }
- }
-
-
- public class Test {
- public static void main(String[] args) {
- System.out.println("=========透明组合模式==========");
- CourseComponent javaBase = new Course("Java入门",8200);
- CourseComponent ai = new Course("人工智能",5000);
-
- CoursePackage packageCourse = new CoursePackage("Java架构师",2);
- CourseComponent design = new Course("设计模式",1500);
-
- packageCourse.addChild(design);
-
- CoursePackage catalog = new CoursePackage("课程主目录",1);
- catalog.addChild(javaBase);
- catalog.addChild(ai);
- catalog.addChild(packageCourse);
-
- catalog.print();
- }
- }