计算机网络实用工具之fping

简介

fping是一个类似ping的程序，它使用互联网控制消息协议（ICMP）回显请求来确定目标主机是否正在响应。fping与ping的不同之处在于，您可以在命令行上指定任意数量的目标，或者指定一个包含要ping的目标列表的文件。fping将发送一个ping数据包，并以循环方式移动到下一个目标，而不是发送到一个目标直到它超时或回复。

安装

# 例ubuntu
sudo apt install fping
 
# centos 7
sudo yum install fping

使用帮助

# fping -h
Usage: fping [options] [targets...]
 
Probing options:
   -4, --ipv4         only ping IPv4 addresses
   -6, --ipv6         only ping IPv6 addresses
   -b, --size=BYTES   amount of ping data to send, in bytes (default: 56)
   -B, --backoff=N    set exponential backoff factor to N (default: 1.5)
   -c, --count=N      count mode: send N pings to each target
   -f, --file=FILE    read list of targets from a file ( - means stdin)
   -g, --generate     generate target list (only if no -f specified)
                      (give start and end IP in the target list, or a CIDR address)
                      (ex. fping -g 192.168.1.0 192.168.1.255 or fping -g 192.168.1.0/24)
   -H, --ttl=N        set the IP TTL value (Time To Live hops)
   -I, --iface=IFACE  bind to a particular interface
   -l, --loop         loop mode: send pings forever
   -m, --all          use all IPs of provided hostnames (e.g. IPv4 and IPv6), use with -A
   -M, --dontfrag     set the Don't Fragment flag
   -O, --tos=N        set the type of service (tos) flag on the ICMP packets
   -p, --period=MSEC  interval between ping packets to one target (in ms)
                      (in loop and count modes, default: 1000 ms)
   -r, --retry=N      number of retries (default: 3)
   -R, --random       random packet data (to foil link data compression)
   -S, --src=IP       set source address
   -t, --timeout=MSEC individual target initial timeout (default: 500 ms,
                      except with -l/-c/-C, where it's the -p period up to 2000 ms)
 
Output options:
   -a, --alive        show targets that are alive
   -A, --addr         show targets by address
   -C, --vcount=N     same as -c, report results in verbose format
   -d, --rdns         show targets by name (force reverse-DNS lookup)
   -D, --timestamp    print timestamp before each output line
   -e, --elapsed      show elapsed time on return packets
   -i, --interval=MSEC  interval between sending ping packets (default: 10 ms)
   -n, --name         show targets by name (reverse-DNS lookup for target IPs)
   -N, --netdata      output compatible for netdata (-l -Q are required)
   -o, --outage       show the accumulated outage time (lost packets * packet interval)
   -q, --quiet        quiet (don't show per-target/per-ping results)
   -Q, --squiet=SECS  same as -q, but add interval summary every SECS seconds
   -s, --stats        print final stats
   -u, --unreach      show targets that are unreachable
   -v, --version      show version
   -x, --reachable=N  shows if >=N hosts are reachable or not

使用示例

# 测试多个主机是否可达
# fping 8.8.8.8 www.google.com
8.8.8.8 is alive
www.google.com is alive
 
# 指定次数测试多个主机，显示延时等信息
# fping -c 3 8.8.8.8 www.google.com
8.8.8.8        : [0], 64 bytes, 1.52 ms (1.52 avg, 0% loss)
www.google.com : [0], 64 bytes, 1.79 ms (1.79 avg, 0% loss)
8.8.8.8        : [1], 64 bytes, 1.55 ms (1.54 avg, 0% loss)
www.google.com : [1], 64 bytes, 1.78 ms (1.78 avg, 0% loss)
8.8.8.8        : [2], 64 bytes, 1.54 ms (1.54 avg, 0% loss)
www.google.com : [2], 64 bytes, 1.74 ms (1.77 avg, 0% loss)
 
8.8.8.8        : xmt/rcv/%loss = 3/3/0%, min/avg/max = 1.52/1.54/1.55
www.google.com : xmt/rcv/%loss = 3/3/0%, min/avg/max = 1.74/1.77/1.79
 
# 从文件读取主机列表
# cat test.list 
# dns
8.8.8.8
# google
www.google.com
 
# fping -c 3 -f test.list
8.8.8.8        : [0], 64 bytes, 1.52 ms (1.52 avg, 0% loss)
www.google.com : [0], 64 bytes, 1.84 ms (1.84 avg, 0% loss)
8.8.8.8        : [1], 64 bytes, 1.46 ms (1.49 avg, 0% loss)
www.google.com : [1], 64 bytes, 1.77 ms (1.81 avg, 0% loss)
8.8.8.8        : [2], 64 bytes, 1.48 ms (1.49 avg, 0% loss)
www.google.com : [2], 64 bytes, 1.76 ms (1.79 avg, 0% loss)
 
8.8.8.8        : xmt/rcv/%loss = 3/3/0%, min/avg/max = 1.46/1.49/1.52
www.google.com : xmt/rcv/%loss = 3/3/0%, min/avg/max = 1.76/1.79/1.84

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