在主机192.168.31.140上的docker0(172.17.0.0/16)中有一个容器mycentos( 172.17.0.2/16),
在主机192.168.31.81上的docker0(172.17.0.0/16)中有一个容器mycentos( 172.17.0.2/16),然后在主机192.168.31.140上ping主机192.168.31.81,发现ping不通要实现两个主机间容器的通信,怎么实现呢?
各项配置如下(举例说明):
- 主机1的IP地址为:192.168.31.140
- 主机2的IP地址为:192.168.31.81
- 为主机1上的Docker容器分配的子网:192.168.1.0/24
- 为主机2上的Docker容器分配的子网:192.168.2.0/24
- 这样配置之后,两个主机上的Docker容器就肯定不会使用相同的IP地址从而避免了IP冲突
接下来定义两条路由规则即可:从container1 发往 container2 的数据包,首先发往 container1 的 “网关 ”docker0 ,然后通过查找主机 1的路由得知需要将数据包发给主机2 ,数据包到达主机 2 后再转发给主机 2 的 docker0 ,最后由其将数据包转到container2 中,反向原理相同
- docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.1.0/24 --gateway
- 192.168.1.1 docker1
docker network ls查看网络
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker network ls
- NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
- 2d19a8dfb493 bridge bridge local
- c0fbaf2266c8 docker1 bridge local
- fc03b9653496 host host local
docker inspect NETWORK_ID查看配置:发现其网络在192.168.1.0/24上,网关为: 192.168.1.1
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker inspect c0fbaf2266c8
- [
- {
- "Name": "docker1",
- "Id": "c0fbaf2266c86f504d02a9324c45fb49c1909f908631d6a2cd5b1bb04dc981a8",
- "Created": "2023-11-20T18:19:18.375826061-08:00",
- "Scope": "local",
- "Driver": "bridge",
- "EnableIPv6": false,
- "IPAM": {
- "Driver": "default",
- "Options": {},
- "Config": [
- {
- "Subnet": "192.168.1.0/24",
- "Gateway": "192.168.1.1"
- }
- ]
- },
- "Internal": false,
- "Attachable": false,
- "Ingress": false,
- "ConfigFrom": {
- "Network": ""
- },
- "ConfigOnly": false,
- ...
- }
docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.2.0/24 --gateway 192.168.2.1 docker1
docker network ls查看网络
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv centos7]# docker network ls
- NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
- 5fd741696fa2 bridge bridge local
- 04f03105e411 docker1 bridge local
- 2110fa85f0da host host local
docker inspect NETWORK_ID查看配置:发现其网络在192.168.2.0/24上,网关为: 192.168.2.1
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker inspect 04f03105e411
- [
- {
- "Name": "docker1",
- "Id": "c0fbaf2266c86f504d02a9324c45fb49c1909f908631d6a2cd5b1bb04dc981a8",
- "Created": "2023-11-20T18:19:18.375826061-08:00",
- "Scope": "local",
- "Driver": "bridge",
- "EnableIPv6": false,
- "IPAM": {
- "Driver": "default",
- "Options": {},
- "Config": [
- {
- "Subnet": "192.168.2.0/24",
- "Gateway": "192.168.2.1"
- }
- ]
- },
- "Internal": false,
- "Attachable": false,
- "Ingress": false,
- "ConfigFrom": {
- "Network": ""
- },
- "ConfigOnly": false,
- ...
- }
这样就在两台主机上创建了两个网络,一个主机的网段为1.0,一个主机的网段为2.0
下面在启动容器的时候需要把容器加入到不同的网络中
在主机1上通过镜像启动一个容器mycentos:
- #通过cnetos镜像启动一个mycentos1的容器,并指定网络为docker1
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker run -it -d --name mycentos1 --net docker1 d757f6342cfa /bin/bash
- 644cdc0acda390cf236f247bbec6c20080ea9b7a064670fdbbaaeb33cef8995f
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 644cdc0acda3 d757f6342cfa "/bin/bash" 20 seconds ago Up 13 seconds mycentos1
-
- #查看mycentos1容器网络:发现ip:192.168.1.2 在docker1网络上
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it mycentos1 ifconfig
- eth0: flags=4163
mtu 1500 - inet 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
- ether 02:42:c0:a8:01:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
- RX packets 19 bytes 2376 (2.3 KiB)
- RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
- TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
-
- lo: flags=73
mtu 65536 - inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
- loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
- RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
- TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
在主机2上通过镜像启动一个容器mycentos:
- #通过cnetos镜像启动一个mycentos1的容器,并指定网络为docker1
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker run -it -d --name mycentos1 --net docker1 d757f6342cfa /bin/bash
- 644cdc0acda390cf236f247bbec6c20080ea9b7a064670fdbbaaeb33cef8995f
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 4ba38cf3943b d757f6342cfa "/bin/bash" 20 seconds ago Up 13 seconds mycentos1
-
- #查看mycentos1容器网络:发现ip:192.168.2.2 在docker1网络上
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it mycentos1 ifconfig
- eth0: flags=4163
mtu 1500 - inet 192.168.2.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255
- ether 02:42:c0:a8:01:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
- RX packets 19 bytes 2376 (2.3 KiB)
- RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
- TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
-
- lo: flags=73
mtu 65536 - inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
- loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
- RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
- TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
- 在主机1上ping主机2,能够ping通,他们处于同一网段
- 在主机1的容器中ping主机1,他们也能ping通
- 在主机1的容器中ping主机2可以ping通
- 在主机1的容器中ping主机2的容器,ping不通,因为他们不处于同一网段
- #主机1上ping主机2,ping通
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.31.81
- PING 192.168.31.81 (192.168.31.81) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.42 ms
- ^C
- --- 192.168.31.81 ping statistics ---
- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
- rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.418/1.418/1.418/0.000 ms
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 644cdc0acda3 d757f6342cfa "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes mycentos1
-
- #进入主机1容器
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acda3 /bin/bash
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]#
-
- #容器中ping主机2,ping通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.31.140
- PING 192.168.31.140 (192.168.31.140) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.31.140: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.359 ms
- ^C
- --- 192.168.31.140 ping statistics ---
- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
- rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.359/0.359/0.359/0.000 ms
-
- #容器中ping主机1,ping通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.31.81
- PING 192.168.31.81 (192.168.31.81) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.419 ms
- 64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.387 ms
- ^C
- --- 192.168.31.81 ping statistics ---
- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1049ms
- rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.387/0.403/0.419/0.016 ms
-
- #容器中ping主机2中的容器,ping不通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.2.2
- PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
-
那么要时主机1中的容器和主机2中的容器通信,怎么办呢,这就需要配置路由规则了
主机1上添加路由规则
- #查看主机1上的路由规则
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
- Kernel IP routing table
- Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
- default XiaoQiang 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
- 172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 427 0 0 docker0
- 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-9a2fe27fdd30
- 172.19.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-fe75119d5a77
- 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 426 0 0 br-c0fbaf2266c8
- 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 425 0 0 br-2d9c2d29e6d3
- 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
把访问 192.168.2.0 的请求转发到主机2服务器 192.168.31.81
- #在主机1上配置192.168.2.0这个路由
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.81
当访问192.168.2.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.81这台主机服务器上
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
- Kernel IP routing table
- Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
- default XiaoQiang 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
- 172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 427 0 0 docker0
- 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-9a2fe27fdd30
- 172.19.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-fe75119d5a77
- 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 426 0 0 br-c0fbaf2266c8
- 192.168.2.0 192.168.31.81 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 425 0 0 br-2d9c2d29e6d3
- 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
主机2上添加路由规则
- #查看主机1上的路由规则
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
- Kernel IP routing table
- Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
- default XiaoQiang 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
- 172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
- 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br-04f03105e411
- 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
把访问 192.168.1.0 的请求转发到主机2服务器 192.168.31.140
- #在主机2上配置192.168.1.0这个路由
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.140
当访问192.168.1.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.140这台主机服务器上
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
- Kernel IP routing table
- Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
- default XiaoQiang 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
- 172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
- 192.168.1.0 192.168.31.140 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br-04f03105e411
- 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
IPTABLES 是与最新的 3.5 版本 Linux 内核集成的 IP 信息包过滤系统 (相当于ip的防火墙),命令如下:
- iptables -t 表名 <-A/I/D/R> 规则链名 [规则号] <-i/o 网卡名> -p 协议名 <-s 源IP/源子网>
- --sport 源端口 <-d 目标IP/目标子网> --dport 目标端口 -j 动作
- iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j DNAT --to
- 192.168.1.1
-
- -t nat : 实现共享网络
- -I PREROUTING:用于目标地址转换(DNAT)。
- -I POSTOUTING:用于源地址转换(SNAT)
- -s 源ip/子网
- -d 目标ip/子网
- -j DNAT DNAT:目标地址转换
主机 1 上添加如下规则:
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.1.1
主机 2 上添加如下规则:
iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -d 192.168.1.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.1
在主机1/主机1的容器中ping主机2容器,发现可以ping通
- #主机1上ping主机2的容器:可以ping通
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.2.2
- PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.74 ms
-
-
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.346 ms
-
-
- #进入主机1容器
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acda3 /bin/bash
-
- #ping主机2的容器,可以ping通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.2.2
- PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.192 ms
在主机2/主机2的容器中ping主机1容器,发现可以ping通
- #主机2上ping主机1的容器:可以ping通
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.1.2
- PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.74 ms
-
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.346 ms
-
- #进入主机2容器
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acd1a3 /bin/bash
-
- #ping主机1的容器,可以ping通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.1.2
- PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.192 ms
这样不同主机间的容器就可以相互通信了,即可以实现负载均衡/转发等功能,一台主机部署web,一台主机部署数据库,通过docker配置就可以实现相互通信
这个和上面方法一致
- 主机1的IP地址为:192.168.31.140
- 主机2的IP地址为:192.168.31.81
- 主机2的IP地址为:192.168.31.117
- docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.1.0/24 --gateway
- 192.168.1.1 docker1
docker network ls查看网络
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker network ls
- NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
- 2d19a8dfb493 bridge bridge local
- c0fbaf2266c8 docker1 bridge local
- fc03b9653496 host host local
docker inspect NETWORK_ID查看配置:发现其网络在192.168.1.0/24上,网关为: 192.168.1.1
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker inspect c0fbaf2266c8
- [
- {
- "Name": "docker1",
- "Id": "c0fbaf2266c86f504d02a9324c45fb49c1909f908631d6a2cd5b1bb04dc981a8",
- "Created": "2023-11-20T18:19:18.375826061-08:00",
- "Scope": "local",
- "Driver": "bridge",
- "EnableIPv6": false,
- "IPAM": {
- "Driver": "default",
- "Options": {},
- "Config": [
- {
- "Subnet": "192.168.1.0/24",
- "Gateway": "192.168.1.1"
- }
- ]
- },
- "Internal": false,
- "Attachable": false,
- "Ingress": false,
- "ConfigFrom": {
- "Network": ""
- },
- "ConfigOnly": false,
- ...
- }
docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.2.0/24 --gateway 192.168.2.1 docker1
docker network ls查看网络
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv centos7]# docker network ls
- NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
- 5fd741696fa2 bridge bridge local
- 04f03105e411 docker1 bridge local
- 2110fa85f0da host host local
docker inspect NETWORK_ID查看配置:发现其网络在192.168.2.0/24上,网关为: 192.168.2.1
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker inspect 04f03105e411
- [
- {
- "Name": "docker1",
- "Id": "c0fbaf2266c86f504d02a9324c45fb49c1909f908631d6a2cd5b1bb04dc981a8",
- "Created": "2023-11-20T18:19:18.375826061-08:00",
- "Scope": "local",
- "Driver": "bridge",
- "EnableIPv6": false,
- "IPAM": {
- "Driver": "default",
- "Options": {},
- "Config": [
- {
- "Subnet": "192.168.2.0/24",
- "Gateway": "192.168.2.1"
- }
- ]
- },
- "Internal": false,
- "Attachable": false,
- "Ingress": false,
- "ConfigFrom": {
- "Network": ""
- },
- "ConfigOnly": false,
- ...
- }
docker network create --driver bridge --subnet 192.168.3.0/24 --gateway 192.168.3.1 docker1
docker network ls查看网络
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv centos7]# docker network ls
- NETWORK ID NAME DRIVER SCOPE
- 5fd741696fa2 bridge bridge local
- 04f03105e413 docker1 bridge local
- 2110fa85f0da host host local
docker inspect NETWORK_ID查看配置:发现其网络在192.168.3.0/24上,网关为: 192.168.3.1
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker inspect 04f03105e413
- [
- {
- "Name": "docker1",
- "Id": "c0fbaf2266c86f504d02a9324c45fb49c1909f908631d6a2cd5b1bb04dc981a8",
- "Created": "2023-11-20T18:19:18.375826061-08:00",
- "Scope": "local",
- "Driver": "bridge",
- "EnableIPv6": false,
- "IPAM": {
- "Driver": "default",
- "Options": {},
- "Config": [
- {
- "Subnet": "192.168.3.0/24",
- "Gateway": "192.168.3.1"
- }
- ]
- },
- "Internal": false,
- "Attachable": false,
- "Ingress": false,
- "ConfigFrom": {
- "Network": ""
- },
- "ConfigOnly": false,
- ...
- }
这样就在三台主机上创建了三个网络,一个主机的网段为1.0,一个主机的网段为2.0,,一个主机的网段为3.0,下面在启动容器的时候需要把容器加入到不同的网络中
在主机1上通过镜像启动一个容器mycentos:
- #通过cnetos镜像启动一个mycentos1的容器,并指定网络为docker1
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker run -it -d --name mycentos1 --net docker1 d757f6342cfa /bin/bash
- 644cdc0acda390cf236f247bbec6c20080ea9b7a064670fdbbaaeb33cef8995f
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 644cdc0acda3 d757f6342cfa "/bin/bash" 20 seconds ago Up 13 seconds mycentos1
-
- #查看mycentos1容器网络:发现ip:192.168.1.2 在docker1网络上
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it mycentos1 ifconfig
- eth0: flags=4163
mtu 1500 - inet 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255
- ether 02:42:c0:a8:01:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
- RX packets 19 bytes 2376 (2.3 KiB)
- RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
- TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
-
- lo: flags=73
mtu 65536 - inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
- loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
- RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
- TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
在主机2上通过镜像启动一个容器mycentos:
- #通过cnetos镜像启动一个mycentos1的容器,并指定网络为docker1
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker run -it -d --name mycentos1 --net docker1 d757f6342cfa /bin/bash
- 644cdc0acda390cf236f247bbec6c20080ea9b7a064670fdbbaaeb33cef8995f
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 4ba38cf3943b d757f6342cfa "/bin/bash" 20 seconds ago Up 13 seconds mycentos1
-
- #查看mycentos1容器网络:发现ip:192.168.2.2 在docker1网络上
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it mycentos1 ifconfig
- eth0: flags=4163
mtu 1500 - inet 192.168.2.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.2.255
- ether 02:42:c0:a8:01:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
- RX packets 19 bytes 2376 (2.3 KiB)
- RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
- TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
-
- lo: flags=73
mtu 65536 - inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
- loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
- RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
- TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
在主机3上通过镜像启动一个容器mycentos:
- #通过cnetos镜像启动一个mycentos1的容器,并指定网络为docker1
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker run -it -d --name mycentos1 --net docker1 d757f6342cfa /bin/bash
- 644cdc0acda390cf236f247bbec6c20080ea9b7a064670fdbbaaeb33cef8995f
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 4ba38cf3943b3 d757f6342cfa "/bin/bash" 20 seconds ago Up 13 seconds mycentos1
-
- #查看mycentos1容器网络:发现ip:192.168.3.2 在docker1网络上
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it mycentos1 ifconfig
- eth0: flags=4163
mtu 1500 - inet 192.168.3.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.3.255
- ether 02:42:c0:a8:01:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
- RX packets 19 bytes 2376 (2.3 KiB)
- RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
- TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
-
- lo: flags=73
mtu 65536 - inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
- loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
- RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
- TX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
- TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
- 在主机1上ping主机2,能够ping通,他们处于同一网段
- 在主机1的容器中ping主机1,他们也能ping通
- 在主机1的容器中ping主机2可以ping通
- 在主机1的容器中ping主机2的容器,在主机1的容器中ping主机3的容器,ping不通,因为他们不处于同一网段
- #主机1上ping主机2,ping通
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.31.81
- PING 192.168.31.81 (192.168.31.81) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.42 ms
- ^C
- --- 192.168.31.81 ping statistics ---
- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
- rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.418/1.418/1.418/0.000 ms
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker ps
- CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
- 644cdc0acda3 d757f6342cfa "/bin/bash" 12 minutes ago Up 12 minutes mycentos1
-
- #进入主机1容器
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acda3 /bin/bash
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]#
-
- #容器中ping主机2,ping通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.31.140
- PING 192.168.31.140 (192.168.31.140) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.31.140: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.359 ms
- ^C
- --- 192.168.31.140 ping statistics ---
- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
- rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.359/0.359/0.359/0.000 ms
-
- #容器中ping主机1,ping通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.31.81
- PING 192.168.31.81 (192.168.31.81) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.419 ms
- 64 bytes from 192.168.31.81: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.387 ms
- ^C
- --- 192.168.31.81 ping statistics ---
- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1049ms
- rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.387/0.403/0.419/0.016 ms
-
- #容器中ping主机2中的容器,ping不通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.2.2
- PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
-
-
- #容器中ping主机3中的容器,ping不通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.3.2
- PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
-
那么要时主机1中的容器和主机2中的容器/主机2中的容器 通信,怎么办呢,这就需要配置路由规则了
主机1上添加路由规则
- #查看主机1上的路由规则
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
- Kernel IP routing table
- Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
- default XiaoQiang 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
- 172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 427 0 0 docker0
- 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-9a2fe27fdd30
- 172.19.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-fe75119d5a77
- 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 426 0 0 br-c0fbaf2266c8
- 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 425 0 0 br-2d9c2d29e6d3
- 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
把访问 192.168.2.0 的请求转发到主机2服务器 192.168.31.81把访问 192.168.2.0 的请求转发到主机3服务器 192.168.31.117
- #在主机1上配置192.168.2.0这个路由
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.2.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.81
- #在主机1上配置192.168.3.0这个路由
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.117
当访问192.168.2.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.81这台主机服务器上
当访问192.168.3.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.117这台主机服务器上
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
- Kernel IP routing table
- Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
- default XiaoQiang 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
- 172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 427 0 0 docker0
- 172.18.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-9a2fe27fdd30
- 172.19.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 br-fe75119d5a77
- 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 426 0 0 br-c0fbaf2266c8
- 192.168.2.0 192.168.31.81 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.3.0 192.168.31.117 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 425 0 0 br-2d9c2d29e6d3
- 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
主机2上添加路由规则
- #查看主机1上的路由规则
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
- Kernel IP routing table
- Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
- default XiaoQiang 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
- 172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
- 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br-04f03105e411
- 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
把访问 192.168.1.0 的请求转发到主机2服务器 192.168.31.140把访问 192.168.3.0 的请求转发到主机2服务器 192.168.31.117
- #在主机2上配置192.168.1.0这个路由
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.1.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.140
-
- #在主机2上配置192.168.3.0这个路由
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route add -net 192.168.3.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.31.117
当访问192.168.1.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.140这台主机服务器上
当访问192.168.3.0这个结点的ip时,就会转发到192.168.31.117这台主机服务器上
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# route
- Kernel IP routing table
- Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
- default XiaoQiang 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33
- 172.17.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 docker0
- 192.168.1.0 192.168.31.140 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.3.0 192.168.31.117 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 br-04f03105e411
- 192.168.31.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33
- 192.168.122.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 virbr0
IPTABLES 是与最新的 3.5 版本 Linux 内核集成的 IP 信息包过滤系统 (相当于ip的防火墙),命令如下:
- iptables -t 表名 <-A/I/D/R> 规则链名 [规则号] <-i/o 网卡名> -p 协议名 <-s 源IP/源子网>
- --sport 源端口 <-d 目标IP/目标子网> --dport 目标端口 -j 动作
- iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j DNAT --to
- 192.168.1.1
-
- -t nat : 实现共享网络
- -I PREROUTING:用于目标地址转换(DNAT)。
- -I POSTOUTING:用于源地址转换(SNAT)
- -s 源ip/子网
- -d 目标ip/子网
- -j DNAT DNAT:目标地址转换
主机 1 上添加如下规则:
- iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.1.1
-
- iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/24 -d 192.168.3.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.1.1
主机 2 上添加如下规则:
- iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -d 192.168.1.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.1
-
- iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.2.0/24 -d 192.168.3.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.1
主机3 上添加如下规则:
- iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.3.0/24 -d 192.168.1.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.1
-
- iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -s 192.168.3.0/24 -d 192.168.2.0/24 -j DNAT --to 192.168.2.1
在主机1/主机1的容器中ping主机2容器/主机3容器,发现可以ping通
- #主机1上ping主机2的容器:可以ping通
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.2.2
- PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.74 ms
-
-
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.346 ms
-
-
- #主机1上ping主机3的容器:可以ping通
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.3.2
- PING 192.168.3.2 (192.168.3.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.3.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.74 ms
-
-
- 64 bytes from 192.168.3.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.346 ms
-
-
- #进入主机1容器
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acda3 /bin/bash
-
- #ping主机2的容器,可以ping通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.2.2
- PING 192.168.2.2 (192.168.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.192 ms
-
-
- #ping主机3的容器,可以ping通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.3.2
- PING 192.168.3.2 (192.168.3.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.3.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.192 ms
在主机2/主机2的容器中ping主机1容器/主机3容器,发现可以ping通
- #主机2上ping主机1的容器:可以ping通
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# ping 192.168.1.2
- PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=1.74 ms
-
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=2 ttl=63 time=0.346 ms
-
- #进入主机2容器
- [root@MiWiFi-R3L-srv docker]# docker exec -it 644cdc0acd1a3 /bin/bash
-
- #ping主机1的容器,可以ping通
- [root@644cdc0acda3 wwwroot]# ping 192.168.1.2
- PING 192.168.1.2 (192.168.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
- 64 bytes from 192.168.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.192 ms