Django(复习篇)

项目创建

1. 虚拟环境
python -m venv my_env
​
cd my_env
activate/deactivate
​
pip install django
​
 
2. 项目和app创建
cd mypros
django-admin startproject Pro1
django-admin startapp app1
​
 
3. settings配置
    INSTALLED_APPS【app1"】
    TEMPLATES【 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"templates")]】
    LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans'
    TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai'

MVT Demo

urls --> app.views --> templates/test.html
​
### urls.py 
from app1.views import test1
urlpatterns = [
    ...,
    path("/test1",test1)
]
​
 
### app1.views.py
def test1(request):
    return render(request,"app1/test1.html",context={"msg":"hello world"})
​
 
### templates/test1.html
# TEMPLATES【 'DIRS': [os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"templates")]】
# "app1/test1.html"
new >> Pro1/templates
new >> Pro1/templates/app1/test1.html
{{ msg  }}

ORM

### install mysql dependency
pip install mysqlclient 【recommend】
pip install pymysql【
    app/__init__.py：
    import pymysql
    pymysql.install_as_MySQLdb()
】
​
 
### settings.py
DATABASES = {
    'default': {
        'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.mysql',
        "NAME":"test1",
        "HOST":"localhost"
        "PORT":3306,
        "USER":"root",
        "PASSWORD":"root",
    }
}
​
 
### mysql
mysql -uroot -proot
show databases;
create database test1;
​
 
### orm
class Users(models.Model):
    # id 自动生成
    name = models.CharField(max_length=255,verbose_name="用户名")
    age = models.IntegerField(verbose_name="用户年龄")
 
class Account(models.Model):
    KIND_CHOICE = (
        (1,"普通用户"),
        (2,"VIP用户"),
    )
    # id 自动生成
    balance = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10,decimal_places=2,verbose_name="账户余额")
    kind = models.IntegerField(choices=KIND_CHOICE,verbose_name="账户类型")
    user = models.ForeignKey(to="app1.Users",verbose_name="账户用户名",on_delete=models.CASCADE)
​
 
### migrate
python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate

Admin Manger

### simple register model（admin.py）
from django.contrib import admin
from .models import Users,Account
admin.site.register(Users)
admin.site.register(Account)
​
 
### create super user: admin manage-user（Terminal）
python manage.py createsuperuser
 
 
### admin page show：verbose_name（models.py）
class Users(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = "用户"
    pass
    
class Account(models.Model):
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = verbose_name_plural = "用户账户"
    pass

### admin page show: list_display（admin.py）
# @admin.register(Users)
class UsersAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("id","name","age")
​
@admin.register(Account)
class AccountAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ("id","user","balance","kind")
    
# admin.site.register(Users)
# admin.site.register(Account)
admin.site.register(Users,UsersAdmin)

### admin page show: app verbose name（apps.py）
class App1Config(AppConfig):
    verbose_name = "我的应用1"
    pass

 

### admin page show：model object str name
class Users(models.Model):
    def __str__(self):
        return "%s"%(self.name)
    pass
​
class Account(models.Model):
    def __str__(self):
        return "%s账户"%(self.user.name)
    pass

### admin page show：records ordering（admin.py）
class UsersAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    ordering = ["id"]   # ordering = ["-id"]
    pass

### admin page show：fieldsets of add form（admin.py）
class AccountAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    fieldsets = (
        ("账户信息", {
            "description":"请输入用户信息",
            "fields":("kind","balance")
        }),
        ("所有者",{
            "description": "请输入用户所有者",
            "fields":("user",)
        })
    )

 

### admin page show：search fields(admin.py)
search_fields = ["name"]

### admin page show：Tabular inline Edit(admin.py)
class AccountInline(admin.TabularInline):
    extra = 1
    model = Account
​
class UsersAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [AccountInline,]

### admin page show：custom css style (admin.py)
# settings.py
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = [os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static')]
​
# admin.py
class UsersAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    class Media:
        css = {
            "all": ("/static/css/admin/admin_user.css",),
        }
    pass

Template

{{ msg }}
{{ user.name }}
​
{% csrf_token %}
​
{% for user in users %}
    {% if user.age > 18 %}
        
adult
    {% else %}
        
minor
    {% endif %}
{% end for %}
​
{% for key,value in dict.items %}
    
{{ key }}：{{ value }}
{% endfor %}
​
{{ data | default:"
还没有任何数据哦
" }}
{{ content | slice:":20" }}
{{ getDate | date:"Y/m/d" }}
 
{% extends "base.html" %}
 
{% block main %}
{% endblock %}

URL

### re_path：query_param、named-group
from django.urls import path,re_path
urlpatterns = [
    path("index",test,name="index"),
    re_path(r"^app1/(?P[1-9]+)$",test1),
]
def test(request):
    # localhost:8000/index?name=joden&age=20
    print(request.GET.dict)
    print(request.GET.get("name"))
    
def test1(request,page):
    # re_path page group => param: page  
    print("page：",page)
    print(request.GET.dict())
​
​
    
### url name
re_path(r'app1/(?P[1-9]+)$', test1, name="index"),
​
def test(request):
    print(reverse("index",kwargs={"page":2}))
​
    
### url namespace
from django.urls import include
path("app1",include("app1.urls"))
# app1/urls.py
app_name = "app1" 
re_path(r'page/(?P[1-9]+)$', test1, name="index"),
# views.py
reverse("app1:index",kwargs={"page":2}) 

CBV

CBV：Class Basic View
https://docs.djangoproject.com/zh-hans/4.1/ref/class-based-views/
    
### View
from django.view import View
class TestView(View):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        return render(request,"app1/test1.html")
    def post(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        pass
    
urlpatterns = [
    path("app",TestView.as_view()),
]
    
    
### TemplateView
from django.views.generic.base import TemplateView
class TestTemplateView(TemplateView):
    tempate_name = "app1/test1.html"
    def get_context_data(self,**kwargs):
        super().get_context_data(self,**kwargs)
        context = {
            "users":Users.objects.all(),
        }
        return context
​
​
### ListView
from django.views.generic.list import ListView
class TestListView(ListView):
    template_name = "app1/test1.html"
    model = User
    paginate_by = 2     # 3 user/per page
    def get_context_data(self,**kwargs):
        context = super().get_context_data(self,**kwargs)
        print(self.get_paginator(self.object_list,self.paginate_by).num_pages)
        return context
    
{% for user in object_list %}
{% endfor %}

Cookie and Session

### cookie
class TestListView(ListView):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        # get cookie(request)
        request.get_cookie("name")
        response = super(TestListView, self).get(*args,**kwargs)
        # set cookie(response)
        response.set_cookie("name","joden")
        return response
​
    
    
### session
class TestListView(ListView):
    def get(self,request,*args,**kwargs):
        # get session
        get_session_name = request.session.get("sname","")
        # set session
        request.session["sname"] = "value"
        return super(TestListView, self).get(*args,**kwargs)