Openssl是X509的事实标准,目前主流OS或个别安全性要求较高的设计场景,对X509的证书链验证已经不在停留在只从数字签名校验了,也就是仅仅从公钥验签的角度,在这些场景中,往往还会校验AuthorityKeyIdentifier和SubjectKeyIdentifier的一致性,也即下级证书的AuthorityKeyIdentifier应该与上级证书的SubjectKeyIdentifier一致,这两个参数是X509 v3 extensions的范围。
但是X509对SubjectKeyIdentifier与AuthorityKeyIdentifier本身以及它们之前的一致性校验逻辑,都没有严格的规定,因此我们只能follow Openssl的逻辑。
Openssl的SubjectKeyIdentifier可以为hash,此时是公钥的160bit sha-1散列,或者是一个hex字符串,此时是人为预设的SubjectKeyIdentifier。
Openssl的AuthorityKeyIdentifier是follow X509定义的,AuthorityKeyIdentifier实际上是一个组,有三个组成员,keyid,dirname,serialnum,keyid就是上级证书的SubjectKeyIdentifier。你可以提供authoritykeyidentifier=keyid,issuer,作为openssl参数,它会尽量把以上三个组成员给填满,为什么说尽量呢,因为上级证书可能压根就没有SubjectKeyIdentifier这个v3 extension属性。
Openssl的证书链校验,如果提供了issuer_checks参数也是可以校验以上一致性的。
openssl配置subjectKeyIdentifier = hash,此时openssl在签发证书时,会加入subjectKeyIdentifier参数,如果subjectKeyIdentifier这个参数没有的话,缺省是不会有任何subjectKeyIdentifier被加入的。
此时如果authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer,那么只有issuer有效,也即会加入上级证书的dirname,serialnum。
当subjectKeyIdentifier = hash;authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer时,产生的下级证书如下图。
当没有subjectKeyIdentifier = hash;authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer:always时,产生的下级证书如下图。其中issuer:always强制加入dirname,serialnum两项。
当没有subjectKeyIdentifier配置;仅有authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer时,产生的下级证书如下图。可以看到CA证书没有 subjectKeyIdentifier,下级证书没办法复制到subjectKeyIdentifier因此authorityKeyIdentifier 仅有其他两项。
以上各种情况,均可以通过以下命令验证通过。
openssl verify -CAfile cacert.pem --issuer_checks certwork.pem
以下为用到的配置文件与测试命令。
- [ req ]
- distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
- policy = policy_match
- x509_extensions = v3_ca
-
- # For the CA policy
- [ policy_match ]
- countryName = optional
- stateOrProvinceName = optional
- organizationName = optional
- organizationalUnitName = optional
- commonName = supplied
- emailAddress = optional
-
- [ req_distinguished_name ]
- countryName = Country Name (2 letter code)
- countryName_default = IN
- countryName_min = 2
- countryName_max = 2
- stateOrProvinceName = State or Province Name (full name) ## Print this message
- stateOrProvinceName_default = KARNATAKA ## This is the default value
- localityName = Locality Name (eg, city) ## Print this message
- localityName_default = BANGALORE ## This is the default value
- 0.organizationName = Organization Name (eg, company) ## Print this message
- 0.organizationName_default = GoLinuxCloud ## This is the default value
- organizationalUnitName = Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) ## Print this message
- organizationalUnitName_default = Admin ## This is the default value
- commonName = Common Name (eg, your name or your server hostname) ## Print this message
- commonName_max = 64
- emailAddress = Email Address ## Print this message
- emailAddress_max = 64
-
- [ v3_ca ]
- #subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
- authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid,issuer
- basicConstraints = critical,CA:true
- nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
-
- [ v3_work ]
- subjectKeyIdentifier = hash
- authorityKeyIdentifier = keyid:awlays,issuer:always
- basicConstraints = critical,CA:true
- nsComment = "OpenSSL Generated Certificate"
- openssl genrsa -out private.pem 2048
-
- openssl req -new -x509 -days 3650 -config opensslroot.cfg -key private.pem -out cacert.pem
-
- openssl x509 -text -noout -in cacert.pem
-
- openssl genrsa -out workkey.pem 2048
-
- openssl req -new -key workkey.pem -config opensslroot.cfg -out certwork.csr
-
- openssl req -text -in certwork.csr
-
- openssl x509 -req -days 365 -CA cacert.pem -extfile opensslroot.cfg -extensions v3_work -CAcreateserial -CAkey private.pem -in certwork.csr -out certwork.pem
-
- openssl x509 -in certwork.pem -text