问题记录（待解决）｜由 apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit 引发的灾难

捣鼓环境的时候，按照网上的办法执行 sudo apt install nvidia-cuda-toolkit 后，28号机器的 nvidia-smi 命令直接无法使用了……

# nvidia-smi
Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch
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cuda 也无法被正确识别：

# python 
Python 3.8.5 (default, Sep  4 2020, 07:30:14) 
[GCC 7.3.0] :: Anaconda, Inc. on linux
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import torch
>>> torch.cuda.is_available()
/root/anaconda3/lib/python3.8/site-packages/torch/cuda/__init__.py:83: UserWarning: CUDA initialization: Unexpected error from cudaGetDeviceCount(). Did you run some cuda functions before calling NumCudaDevices() that might have already set an error? Error 804: forward compatibility was attempted on non supported HW (Triggered internally at  ../c10/cuda/CUDAFunctions.cpp:109.)
  return torch._C._cuda_getDeviceCount() > 0
False
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于是根据此篇博客，尝试

>>> sudo dpkg --list | grep nvidia-*
iU  libnvidia-cfg1-525:amd64         525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        NVIDIA binary OpenGL/GLX configuration library
iU  libnvidia-common-525             525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      all          Shared files used by the NVIDIA libraries
iU  libnvidia-compute-525:amd64      525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        NVIDIA libcompute package
iU  libnvidia-decode-525:amd64       525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        NVIDIA Video Decoding runtime libraries
iU  libnvidia-encode-525:amd64       525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        NVENC Video Encoding runtime library
iU  libnvidia-extra-525:amd64        525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        Extra libraries for the NVIDIA driver
iU  libnvidia-fbc1-525:amd64         525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL-based Framebuffer Capture runtime library
iU  libnvidia-gl-525:amd64           525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        NVIDIA OpenGL/GLX/EGL/GLES GLVND libraries and Vulkan ICD
iU  nvidia-dkms-525                  525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        NVIDIA DKMS package
iU  nvidia-driver-510                525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        Transitional package for nvidia-driver-525
iU  nvidia-driver-525                525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        NVIDIA driver metapackage
iU  nvidia-kernel-common-525         525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        Shared files used with the kernel module
iU  nvidia-kernel-source-525         525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        NVIDIA kernel source package
iU  nvidia-prime                     0.8.16~0.18.04.1                    all          Tools to enable NVIDIA's Prime
iU  nvidia-settings                  470.57.01-0ubuntu0.18.04.1          amd64        Tool for configuring the NVIDIA graphics driver
iU  xserver-xorg-video-nvidia-525    525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1      amd64        NVIDIA binary Xorg driver
>>> cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version
NVRM version: NVIDIA UNIX x86_64 Kernel Module  510.47.03  Mon Jan 24 22:58:54 UTC 2022
GCC version:  gcc version 9.4.0 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1)
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发现就是cuda和显卡驱动版本不匹配。需要把版本统一为 510.47.03 按照如下方法：

1. 卸载驱动：

sudo apt-get purge nvidia*
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2. 把显卡驱动加入ppa（个人软件包文档，仅支持Ubuntu）：

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:graphics-drivers
sudo apt-get update
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3. 重新安装驱动：

apt-get install nvidia-driver-510 nvidia-settings nvidia-prime
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但是一直报如下错误：

Errors were encountered while processing:
 /tmp/apt-dpkg-install-T8KJGT/08-nvidia-compute-utils-525_525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1_amd64.deb
 /tmp/apt-dpkg-install-T8KJGT/12-nvidia-utils-525_525.147.05-0ubuntu0~gpu18.04.1_amd64.deb
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
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解决这个问题再来更新。

PS：有知道解决办法的小伙伴欢迎在评论区补充！

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参考链接

【nvidia-smi报错】Failed to initialize NVML: Driver/library version mismatch-CSDN博客