• Python小试牛刀：GUI（图形界面）实现计算器UI界面(三)

    上一篇：Python小试牛刀：GUI（图形界面）实现计算器UI界面(二)-CSDN博客

    我坚信好的作品一定要经过不同工匠不断的雕琢。我知道我的项目代码还可以进一步优化(比如等号事件那里等)，以及一些BUG进行修复，但我个人比较懒，就让大家勉为其难将就着看吧。倘若大家运行发现一些BUG，以及好的建议，欢迎在评论区发表指正，谢谢！

    回顾前两篇文章，第一篇文章主要实现了计算器UI界面如何布局，以及简单概述Python常用的GUI库。第二篇文章主要实现了计算器UI界面按钮组件与事件的交互，而在本篇文章则是实现计算器完整功能。

    运行结果：

    代码设计

    1. """
    2.     计算器
    3. """
    4.  
    5. # 通配符'*'
    6. __all__ = ['main']
    7.  
    8.  
    9. # 计算器UI设计
    10. class CalculatorUI:
    11.  
    12.     import tkinter as tk
    13.     from tkinter import font
    14.  
    15.     base = tk.Tk()              # 新建窗口
    16.     base.title('计算器')         # 设置标题
    17.     base.geometry("458x400")    # 设置窗口像素大小
    18.  
    19.     # 全局变量
    20.     labelData1 = tk.StringVar()  # 标签数据
    21.     labelData2 = tk.StringVar()  # 标签数据
    22.  
    23.     # 设置字体样式
    24.     setChineseFont = font.Font(family='Arial', size=20, weight='bold')
    25.     setFont = font.Font(family='Helvetica', size=12, weight='bold')
    26.  
    27.     # 主框架
    28.     mainFrame = tk.LabelFrame(base, text='标准', borderwidth=2, relief=tk.FLAT, font=setChineseFont)
    29.     mainFrame.pack(expand=True)
    30.     # 标签框架
    31.     labelFrame = tk.Frame(mainFrame, borderwidth=2, relief=tk.GROOVE)
    32.     labelFrame.grid(columnspan=4)
    33.  
    34.     # 标签
    35.     showLabel1 = tk.Label(labelFrame, textvariable=labelData1, anchor='e', width=26, font=setChineseFont)
    36.     showLabel1.pack()
    37.     showLabel2 = tk.Label(labelFrame, textvariable=labelData2, anchor='e', width=26, font=setChineseFont)
    38.     showLabel2.pack()
    39.  
    40.     # 删除按钮
    41.     clear = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='C', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    42.     clear.grid(row=1, column=0)
    43.     # 退格按钮
    44.     backSpace = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='⬅', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    45.     backSpace.grid(row=1, column=1)
    46.     # 余数（百分号）
    47.     remainder = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='%', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    48.     remainder.grid(row=1, column=2)
    49.     # 除号
    50.     division = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='➗', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    51.     division.grid(row=1, column=3)
    52.  
    53.     # 7
    54.     seven = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='7', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    55.     seven.grid(row=2, column=0)
    56.     # 8
    57.     eight = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='8', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    58.     eight.grid(row=2, column=1)
    59.     # 9
    60.     nine = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='9', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    61.     nine.grid(row=2, column=2)
    62.     # 乘号
    63.     multiplication = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='✖', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    64.     multiplication.grid(row=2, column=3)
    65.  
    66.     # 4
    67.     four = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='4', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    68.     four.grid(row=3, column=0)
    69.     # 5
    70.     five = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='5', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    71.     five.grid(row=3, column=1)
    72.     # 6
    73.     six = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='6', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    74.     six.grid(row=3, column=2)
    75.     # 减法
    76.     subtraction = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='➖', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    77.     subtraction.grid(row=3, column=3)
    78.  
    79.     # 1
    80.     one = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='1', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    81.     one.grid(row=4, column=0)
    82.     # 2
    83.     two = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='2', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    84.     two.grid(row=4, column=1)
    85.     # 3
    86.     three = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='3', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    87.     three.grid(row=4, column=2)
    88.     # 加法
    89.     addition = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='➕', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    90.     addition.grid(row=4, column=3)
    91.  
    92.     # 括号
    93.     brackets = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='(  )', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    94.     brackets.grid(row=5, column=0)
    95.     # 0
    96.     zero = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='0', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    97.     zero.grid(row=5, column=1)
    98.     # 小数点.
    99.     dit = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='.', width=10, height=2, font=setFont)
    100.     dit.grid(row=5, column=2)
    101.     # 等于
    102.     equal = tk.Button(mainFrame, text='=', width=10, height=2, background='#00BFFF', font=setFont)
    103.     equal.grid(row=5, column=3)
    104.  
    105.     # 按钮间距
    106.     tk.Label(mainFrame, height=3, width=1).grid(row=1, column=4)  # 行填充
    107.     tk.Label(mainFrame, height=3, width=1).grid(row=2, column=4)
    108.     tk.Label(mainFrame, height=3, width=1).grid(row=3, column=4)
    109.     tk.Label(mainFrame, height=3, width=1).grid(row=4, column=4)
    110.     tk.Label(mainFrame, height=3, width=1).grid(row=5, column=4)
    111.     tk.Label(mainFrame, height=1, width=16).grid(row=6, column=1)  # 列填充
    112.     tk.Label(mainFrame, height=1, width=16).grid(row=6, column=3)
    113.  
    114.  
    115. # 初始化事件
    116. def initUI(event):
    117.     # 0-9
    118.     UI.zero.config(background='#f0f0f0')        # 0
    119.     UI.one.config(background='#f0f0f0')         # 1
    120.     UI.two.config(background='#f0f0f0')         # 2
    121.     UI.three.config(background='#f0f0f0')       # 3
    122.     UI.four.config(background='#f0f0f0')        # 4
    123.     UI.five.config(background='#f0f0f0')        # 5
    124.     UI.six.config(background='#f0f0f0')         # 6
    125.     UI.seven.config(background='#f0f0f0')       # 7
    126.     UI.eight.config(background='#f0f0f0')       # 8
    127.     UI.nine.config(background='#f0f0f0')        # 9
    128.     # 特殊字符
    129.     UI.clear.config(background='#f0f0f0')       # 删除
    130.     UI.backSpace.config(background='#f0f0f0')   # 退格
    131.     UI.remainder.config(background='#f0f0f0')   # 百分号/求余
    132.     UI.division.config(background='#f0f0f0')    # 除号
    133.     UI.multiplication.config(background='#f0f0f0')  # 乘号
    134.     UI.subtraction.config(background='#f0f0f0')     # 减号
    135.     UI.addition.config(background='#f0f0f0')        # 加号
    136.     UI.equal.config(background='#00BFFF')           # 等于
    137.     UI.brackets.config(background='#f0f0f0')        # 括号
    138.     UI.dit.config(background='#f0f0f0')             # 小数点
    139.  
    140.  
    141. # 鼠标在组件上的焦点事件
    142. # 0-9
    143. # 0
    144. def zeroButton_1(event):
    145.     UI.zero.config(background='pink')
    146. def zeroKeyPress(event):
    147.     UI.zero.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    148.     UI.base.update()
    149.     time.sleep(0.1)
    150.     UI.zero.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    151.     zeroEvent(event)
    152. # 1
    153. def oneButton_1(event):
    154.     UI.one.config(background='pink')
    155. def oneKeyPress(event):
    156.     UI.one.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    157.     UI.base.update()
    158.     time.sleep(0.1)
    159.     UI.one.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    160.     oneEvent(event)
    161. # 2
    162. def twoButton_1(event):
    163.     UI.two.config(background='pink')
    164. def twoKeyPress(event):
    165.     UI.two.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    166.     UI.base.update()
    167.     time.sleep(0.1)
    168.     UI.two.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    169.     twoEvent(event)
    170. # 3
    171. def threeButton_1(event):
    172.     UI.three.config(background='pink')
    173. def threeKeyPress(event):
    174.     UI.three.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    175.     UI.base.update()
    176.     time.sleep(0.1)
    177.     UI.three.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    178.     threeEvent(event)
    179. # 4
    180. def fourButton_1(event):
    181.     UI.four.config(background='pink')
    182. def fourKeyPress(event):
    183.     UI.four.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    184.     UI.base.update()
    185.     time.sleep(0.1)
    186.     UI.four.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    187.     fourEvent(event)
    188. # 5
    189. def fiveButton_1(event):
    190.     UI.five.config(background='pink')
    191. def fiveKeyPress(event):
    192.     UI.five.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    193.     UI.base.update()
    194.     time.sleep(0.1)
    195.     UI.five.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    196.     fiveEvent(event)
    197. # 6
    198. def sixButton_1(event):
    199.     UI.six.config(background='pink')
    200. def sixKeyPress(event):
    201.     UI.six.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    202.     UI.base.update()
    203.     time.sleep(0.1)
    204.     UI.six.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    205.     sixEvent(event)
    206. # 7
    207. def sevenButton_1(event):
    208.     UI.seven.config(background='pink')
    209. def sevenKeyPress(event):
    210.     UI.seven.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    211.     UI.base.update()
    212.     time.sleep(0.1)
    213.     UI.seven.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    214.     sevenEvent(event)
    215. # 8
    216. def eightButton_1(event):
    217.     UI.eight.config(background='pink')
    218. def eightKeyPress(event):
    219.     UI.eight.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    220.     UI.base.update()
    221.     time.sleep(0.1)
    222.     UI.eight.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    223.     eightEvent(event)
    224. # 9
    225. def nineButton_1(event):
    226.     UI.nine.config(background='pink')
    227. def nineKeyPress(event):
    228.     UI.nine.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    229.     UI.base.update()
    230.     time.sleep(0.1)
    231.     UI.nine.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    232.     nineEvent(event)
    233.  
    234. # 特殊字符
    235. # 删除
    236. def clearButton_1(event):
    237.     UI.clear.config(background='pink')
    238. def clearKeyPress(event):
    239.     UI.clear.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    240.     UI.base.update()
    241.     time.sleep(0.1)
    242.     UI.clear.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    243.     clearEvent(event)
    244. # 退格
    245. def backSpaceButton_1(event):
    246.     UI.backSpace.config(background='pink')
    247. def backSpaceKeyPress(event):
    248.     UI.backSpace.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    249.     UI.base.update()
    250.     time.sleep(0.1)
    251.     UI.backSpace.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    252.     backSpaceEvent(event)
    253. # 百分号/求余
    254. def remainderButton_1(event):
    255.     UI.remainder.config(background='pink')
    256. def remainderKeyPress(event):
    257.     UI.remainder.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    258.     UI.base.update()
    259.     time.sleep(0.1)
    260.     UI.remainder.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    261.     remainderEvent(event)
    262. # 除号
    263. def divisionButton_1(event):
    264.     UI.division.config(background='pink')
    265. def divisionKeyPress(event):
    266.     UI.division.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    267.     UI.base.update()
    268.     time.sleep(0.1)
    269.     UI.division.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    270.     divisionEvent(event)
    271. # 乘号
    272. def multiplicationButton_1(event):
    273.     UI.multiplication.config(background='pink')
    274. def multiplicationKeyPress(event):
    275.     UI.multiplication.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    276.     UI.base.update()
    277.     time.sleep(0.1)
    278.     UI.multiplication.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    279.     multiplicationEvent(event)
    280. # 减号
    281. def subtractionButton_1(event):
    282.     UI.subtraction.config(background='pink')
    283. def subtractionKeyPress(event):
    284.     UI.subtraction.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    285.     UI.base.update()
    286.     time.sleep(0.1)
    287.     UI.subtraction.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    288.     subtractionEvent(event)
    289. # 加号
    290. def additionButton_1(event):
    291.     UI.addition.config(background='pink')
    292. def additionKeyPress(event):
    293.     UI.addition.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    294.     UI.base.update()
    295.     time.sleep(0.1)
    296.     UI.addition.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    297.     additionEvent(event)
    298. # 等于
    299. def equalButton_1(event):
    300.     UI.equal.config(background='pink')
    301. def equalKeyPress(event):
    302.     UI.equal.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    303.     UI.base.update()
    304.     time.sleep(0.1)
    305.     UI.equal.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#00BFFF')
    306.     equalEvent(event)
    307. # 括号
    308. def bracketsButton_1(event):
    309.     UI.brackets.config(background='pink')
    310. def bracketsKeyPress(event):
    311.     UI.brackets.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    312.     UI.base.update()
    313.     time.sleep(0.1)
    314.     UI.brackets.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    315.     bracketsEvent(event)
    316. # 小数点
    317. def ditButton_1(event):
    318.     UI.dit.config(background='pink')
    319. def ditKeyPress(event):
    320.     UI.dit.config(state=tk.DISABLED, background='pink')
    321.     UI.base.update()
    322.     time.sleep(0.1)
    323.     UI.dit.config(state=tk.NORMAL, background='#f0f0f0')
    324.     ditEvent(event)
    325.  
    326.  
    327. # 组件背景颜色事件触发
    328. def widgetColor():
    329.     # 初始化
    330.     UI.base.bind('', initUI)
    331.     UI.showLabel1.config(foreground='gray', background='white')
    332.     UI.showLabel2.config(background='white')
    333.  
    334.     # 0-9
    335.     UI.zero.bind('', zeroButton_1)        # 0
    336.     UI.one.bind('', oneButton_1)          # 1
    337.     UI.two.bind('', twoButton_1)          # 2
    338.     UI.three.bind('', threeButton_1)      # 3
    339.     UI.four.bind('', fourButton_1)        # 4
    340.     UI.five.bind('', fiveButton_1)        # 5
    341.     UI.six.bind('', sixButton_1)          # 6
    342.     UI.seven.bind('', sevenButton_1)      # 7
    343.     UI.eight.bind('', eightButton_1)      # 8
    344.     UI.nine.bind('', nineButton_1)        # 9
    345.     # 特殊字符
    346.     UI.clear.bind('', clearButton_1)                      # 删除
    347.     UI.backSpace.bind('', backSpaceButton_1)              # 退格
    348.     UI.remainder.bind('', remainderButton_1)              # 百分号/求余
    349.     UI.division.bind('', divisionButton_1)                # 除号
    350.     UI.multiplication.bind('', multiplicationButton_1)    # 乘号
    351.     UI.subtraction.bind('', subtractionButton_1)          # 减号
    352.     UI.addition.bind('', additionButton_1)                # 加号
    353.     UI.equal.bind('', equalButton_1)                      # 等于
    354.     UI.brackets.bind('', bracketsButton_1)                # 括号
    355.     UI.dit.bind('', ditButton_1)                          # 小数点
    356.  
    357.     # 按钮按下
    358.     UI.base.bind('', zeroKeyPress)     # 0
    359.     UI.zero.bind('', zeroEvent)
    360.     UI.base.bind('', oneKeyPress)      # 1
    361.     UI.one.bind('', oneEvent)
    362.     UI.base.bind('', twoKeyPress)      # 2
    363.     UI.two.bind('', twoEvent)
    364.     UI.base.bind('', threeKeyPress)    # 3
    365.     UI.three.bind('', threeEvent)
    366.     UI.base.bind('', fourKeyPress)     # 4
    367.     UI.four.bind('', fourEvent)
    368.     UI.base.bind('', fiveKeyPress)     # 5
    369.     UI.five.bind('', fiveEvent)
    370.     UI.base.bind('', sixKeyPress)      # 6
    371.     UI.six.bind('', sixEvent)
    372.     UI.base.bind('', sevenKeyPress)    # 7
    373.     UI.seven.bind('', sevenEvent)
    374.     UI.base.bind('', eightKeyPress)    # 8
    375.     UI.eight.bind('', eightEvent)
    376.     UI.base.bind('', nineKeyPress)     # 9
    377.     UI.nine.bind('', nineEvent)
    378.  
    379.     UI.base.bind('', clearKeyPress)    # 删除
    380.     UI.base.bind('', clearKeyPress)         # 删除
    381.     UI.base.bind('', clearKeyPress)              # 删除
    382.     UI.clear.bind('', clearEvent)
    383.     UI.base.bind('', backSpaceKeyPress)  # 退格
    384.     UI.backSpace.bind('', backSpaceEvent)
    385.     UI.base.bind('', remainderKeyPress)         # 百分号、求余
    386.     UI.remainder.bind('', remainderEvent)
    387.     UI.base.bind('', divisionKeyPress)       # 除号
    388.     UI.division.bind('', divisionEvent)
    389.     UI.base.bind('', multiplicationKeyPress)    # 乘号
    390.     UI.base.bind('', multiplicationKeyPress)          # 乘号
    391.     UI.multiplication.bind('', multiplicationEvent)
    392.     UI.base.bind('', subtractionKeyPress)          # 减号
    393.     UI.subtraction.bind('', subtractionEvent)
    394.     UI.base.bind('', additionKeyPress)              # 加号
    395.     UI.base.bind('', additionKeyPress)                # 加号
    396.     UI.addition.bind('', additionEvent)
    397.     UI.base.bind('', equalKeyPress)               # 等号
    398.     UI.base.bind('', equalKeyPress)                # 等号
    399.     UI.equal.bind('', equalEvent)
    400.     UI.base.bind('', bracketsKeyPress)                # 左括号
    401.     UI.base.bind('', bracketsKeyPress)                # 右括号
    402.     UI.brackets.bind('', bracketsEvent)
    403.     UI.base.bind('', ditKeyPress)                 # 小数点
    404.     UI.dit.bind('', ditEvent)
    405.  
    406.  
    407. # 0 事件
    408. def zeroEvent(event):
    409.     global labelShow2
    410.     # 数字前面不能是右括号')'
    411.     if ('原来是小瘪三'+labelShow2)[-1] in ')=':
    412.         return
    413.  
    414.     labelShow2 += '0'
    415.     '''
    416.     # 补小数点
    417.     if labelShow2 == '0' or labelShow2[-2] in '(+-×÷':
    418.         labelShow2 += '.'
    419.     '''
    420.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    421.     UI.zero.config(activeforeground='gray')
    422.  
    423.  
    424. # 1 事件
    425. def oneEvent(event):
    426.     global labelShow2
    427.     # 数字前面不能是右括号')'
    428.     if ('防止空字符'+labelShow2)[-1] in ')=':
    429.         return
    430.     labelShow2 += '1'
    431.  
    432.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    433.     UI.one.config(activeforeground='gray')
    434.  
    435.  
    436. # 2 事件
    437. def twoEvent(event):
    438.     global labelShow2
    439.     # 数字前面不能是右括号')'
    440.     if ('什么字符都可以'+labelShow2)[-1] in ')=':
    441.         return
    442.     labelShow2 += '2'
    443.  
    444.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    445.     UI.two.config(activeforeground='gray')
    446.  
    447.  
    448. # 3 事件
    449. def threeEvent(event):
    450.     global labelShow2
    451.     # 数字前面不能是右括号')'
    452.     if ('不影响代码'+labelShow2)[-1] in ')=':
    453.         return
    454.     labelShow2 += '3'
    455.  
    456.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    457.     UI.three.config(activeforeground='gray')
    458.  
    459.  
    460. # 4 事件
    461. def fourEvent(event):
    462.     global labelShow2
    463.     # 数字前面不能是右括号')'
    464.     if ('虽然可以封装成函数'+labelShow2)[-1] in ')=':
    465.         return
    466.     labelShow2 += '4'
    467.  
    468.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    469.     UI.four.config(activeforeground='gray')
    470.  
    471. # 5 事件
    472. def fiveEvent(event):
    473.     global labelShow2
    474.     # 数字前面不能是右括号')'
    475.     if ('但是只有两行代码'+labelShow2)[-1] in ')=':
    476.         return
    477.     labelShow2 += '5'
    478.  
    479.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    480.     UI.five.config(activeforeground='gray')
    481.  
    482.  
    483. # 6 事件
    484. def sixEvent(event):
    485.     global labelShow2
    486.     # 数字前面不能是右括号')'
    487.     if ('调用函数还是两行代码'+labelShow2)[-1] in ')=':
    488.         return
    489.     labelShow2 += '6'
    490.  
    491.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    492.     UI.six.config(activeforeground='gray')
    493.  
    494.  
    495. # 7 事件
    496. def sevenEvent(event):
    497.     global labelShow2
    498.     # 数字前面不能是右括号')'
    499.     if ('索性来个自我介绍吧'+labelShow2)[-1] in ')=':
    500.         return
    501.     labelShow2 += '7'
    502.  
    503.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    504.     UI.seven.config(activeforeground='gray')
    505.  
    506.  
    507. # 8 事件
    508. def eightEvent(event):
    509.     global labelShow2
    510.     # 数字前面不能是右括号')'
    511.     if ('我是周华2022'+labelShow2)[-1] in ')=':
    512.         return
    513.     labelShow2 += '8'
    514.  
    515.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    516.     UI.eight.config(activeforeground='gray')
    517.  
    518.  
    519. # 9 事件
    520. def nineEvent(event):
    521.     global labelShow2
    522.     # 数字前面不能是右括号')'
    523.     if ('欢迎大家关注！'+labelShow2)[-1] in ')=':
    524.         return
    525.     labelShow2 += '9'
    526.  
    527.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    528.     UI.nine.config(activeforeground='gray')
    529.  
    530.  
    531. # 删除 事件
    532. def clearEvent(event):
    533.     UI.clear.config(activeforeground='gray')
    534.     global labelShow2, operator, operationData, bracketsFlag
    535.     # 数据初始化
    536.     bracketsFlag = 0
    537.     labelShow2 = ''
    538.     operator = []
    539.     operationData = []
    540.  
    541.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    542.  
    543.  
    544. # 退格 事件
    545. def backSpaceEvent(event):
    546.     UI.backSpace.config(activeforeground='gray')
    547.     global labelShow2
    548.     # 在数据内退格
    549.     if not operator:
    550.         labelShow2 = labelShow2[:-1:]
    551.     # 运算符退格
    552.     elif operator and operationData:
    553.         if labelShow2[-1] in '+-×÷%':
    554.             operator.pop()
    555.             operationData.pop()
    556.         labelShow2 = labelShow2[:-1:]
    557.  
    558.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    559.  
    560.  
    561. # 求余 事件
    562. def remainderEvent(event):
    563.     UI.remainder.config(activeforeground='gray')
    564.     global labelShow2
    565.     # 首个字符不能出现百分号/求余
    566.     if not labelShow2:
    567.         return
    568.     # 百分号前面不能出现运算符，除了右括号')'
    569.     elif labelShow2[-1] in '+-×÷%(.=':
    570.         return
    571.     # 分割数据,获取数值和运算符
    572.     elif not operator:
    573.         operationData.append(labelShow2)
    574.     elif operator:
    575.         operationData.append(labelShow2.split(operationData[-1] + operator[-1])[-1])
    576.  
    577.     operator.append('%')
    578.     labelShow2 += '%'
    579.  
    580.     print(operator, operationData)
    581.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    582.  
    583.  
    584. # 除法 事件
    585. def divisionEvent(event):
    586.     UI.division.config(activeforeground='gray')
    587.     global labelShow2
    588.     # 首个字符不能出现除号
    589.     if not labelShow2:
    590.         return
    591.     # 除号前面不能出现运算符，除了右括号')'和百分号'%'
    592.     elif labelShow2[-1] in '+-×÷(.=':
    593.         return
    594.     # 分割数据,获取数值和运算符
    595.     elif not operator:
    596.         operationData.append(labelShow2)
    597.     elif operator:
    598.         if labelShow2[-1] == '%':
    599.             operationData[-1] += operator.pop()
    600.         else:
    601.             operationData.append(labelShow2.split(operationData[-1]+operator[-1])[-1])
    602.  
    603.     operator.append('÷')
    604.     labelShow2 += '÷'
    605.  
    606.     print(operator, operationData)
    607.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    608.  
    609.  
    610. # 乘法 事件
    611. def multiplicationEvent(event):
    612.     UI.multiplication.config(activeforeground='gray')
    613.     global labelShow2
    614.     # 首个字符不能出现乘号
    615.     if not labelShow2:
    616.         return
    617.     # 乘号前面不能出现运算符，除了右括号')'和百分号'%'
    618.     elif labelShow2[-1] in '+-×÷(.=':
    619.         return
    620.     # 分割数据,获取数值和运算符
    621.     elif not operator:
    622.         operationData.append(labelShow2)
    623.     elif operator:
    624.         if labelShow2[-1] == '%':
    625.             operationData[-1] += operator.pop()
    626.         else:
    627.             operationData.append(labelShow2.split(operationData[-1] + operator[-1])[-1])
    628.  
    629.     operator.append('×')
    630.     labelShow2 += '×'
    631.  
    632.     print(operator, operationData)
    633.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    634.  
    635.  
    636. # 减法 事件
    637. def subtractionEvent(event):
    638.     UI.subtraction.config(activeforeground='gray')
    639.     addFlag = 1  # 添加运算符旗帜
    640.     global labelShow2
    641.     # 首字符出现减号，视为负号
    642.     if not labelShow2:
    643.         addFlag = 0  # 添加运算符旗帜
    644.     # 减号前面不能出现运算符，除了括号'()'和百分号'%'
    645.     elif labelShow2[-1] in '+-×÷.=':
    646.         return
    647.     # 分割数据,获取数值和运算符
    648.     elif not operator and labelShow2[-1] not in '(':
    649.         operationData.append(labelShow2)
    650.     # 非首个数据
    651.     elif operator and operationData:
    652.         if labelShow2[-1] == '%':
    653.             operationData[-1] += operator.pop()
    654.         elif labelShow2[-1] == '(':
    655.             addFlag = 0  # 添加运算符旗帜
    656.         else:
    657.             operationData.append(labelShow2.split(operationData[-1] + operator[-1])[-1])
    658.     else:
    659.         addFlag = 0
    660.  
    661.     # 不保存运算符旗帜
    662.     if addFlag:
    663.         operator.append('-')
    664.  
    665.     print(operator, operationData)
    666.     labelShow2 += '-'
    667.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    668.  
    669.  
    670. # 加法 事件
    671. def additionEvent(event):
    672.     UI.addition.config(activeforeground='gray')
    673.     addFlag = 1  # 添加运算符旗帜
    674.     global labelShow2
    675.     # 首字符出现加号，视为正号
    676.     if not labelShow2:
    677.         addFlag = 0  # 添加运算符旗帜
    678.     # 加号前面不能出现运算符，除了括号'()'和百分号'%'
    679.     elif labelShow2[-1] in '+-×÷.=':
    680.         return
    681.     # 分割数据,获取数值和运算符
    682.     elif not operator and labelShow2[-1] not in '(':
    683.         operationData.append(labelShow2)
    684.     # 非首个数据
    685.     elif operator and operationData:
    686.         if labelShow2[-1] == '%':
    687.             operationData[-1] += operator.pop()
    688.         elif labelShow2[-1] == '(':
    689.             addFlag = 0  # 添加运算符旗帜
    690.         else:
    691.             operationData.append(labelShow2.split(operationData[-1] + operator[-1])[-1])
    692.     else:
    693.         addFlag = 0
    694.  
    695.     # 不保存运算符旗帜
    696.     if addFlag:
    697.         operator.append('+')
    698.  
    699.     print(operator, operationData)
    700.     labelShow2 += '+'  # 添加加号
    701.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    702.  
    703.  
    704. # 等于 事件
    705. def equalEvent(event):
    706.     UI.equal.config(activeforeground='gray')
    707.     global labelShow2, labelShow1
    708.     labelShow1 = labelShow2     # 显示式子
    709.     # 首字符不能输入等号
    710.     if not labelShow2:
    711.         return
    712.     # 等号前不能出现的运算符，除了数字、右括号、百分号
    713.     elif labelShow2[-1] in '+-×÷=.':
    714.         return
    715.     # 括号必须成对,
    716.     elif len(re.findall(r'\(', labelShow2)) != len(re.findall(r'\)', labelShow2)):
    717.         UI.labelData1.set(labelShow1+'=错误')
    718.         UI.labelData2.set('括号不完整')
    719.         return
    720.     # 等号前面不能是不带括号的正数
    721.     elif not operator and labelShow2[0] != '+' and not len(re.findall(r'\(', labelShow2)):
    722.         return
    723.     # 处理等号前面只有一个数时
    724.     elif not operator or (labelShow2.strip('()+-')[-1] == '%' and len(operator) == 1 and operator[0] == '%'):
    725.         subtractionNum = len(re.findall('-', labelShow2))   # 减号数
    726.         # 查找百分号
    727.         if labelShow2.strip('()+-')[-1] == '%':
    728.             num = float(labelShow2.strip('()+-%')) / 100
    729.             # 奇数负为负，偶数负为正
    730.             if subtractionNum % 2:
    731.                 labelShow2 = str(-num)
    732.             else:
    733.                 labelShow2 = str(num)
    734.         elif labelShow2.strip('()+-')[-1] != '%':
    735.             num = labelShow2.strip('()+-')
    736.             # 奇数负为负，偶数负为正
    737.             if subtractionNum % 2:
    738.                 labelShow2 = '-'+num
    739.             else:
    740.                 labelShow2 = num
    741.  
    742.     # 复杂运算
    743.     else:
    744.         # 防止报错
    745.         try:
    746.             # 计算式子结果
    747.             if resultEvent(event) == '求余错误' or resultEvent(event) == '除数错误':
    748.                 return
    749.         except:
    750.             UI.labelData1.set(labelShow1 + '=崩溃')
    751.             UI.labelData2.set('抱歉,小算脑子烧坏了')
    752.             return
    753.  
    754.     print(operator, operationData)
    755.     labelShow1 += '='+labelShow2        # 显示计算的式子
    756.     UI.labelData1.set(labelShow1)
    757.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    758.  
    759.     # 显示结果后删除存储的数据
    760.     if operationData:
    761.         operator.clear()
    762.         operationData.clear()
    763.  
    764.  
    765. # 括号 事件
    766. def bracketsEvent(event):
    767.     UI.brackets.config(activeforeground='gray')
    768.     global labelShow2, bracketsFlag
    769.     # 首字符出现左括号'('
    770.     if not labelShow2:
    771.         labelShow2 += '('
    772.     # 左括号前面不能出现数字和小数点
    773.     elif labelShow2[-1] in '+-×÷(%':
    774.         labelShow2 += '('
    775.     # 右括号前面必须是数字和右括号
    776.     elif labelShow2[-1] not in '+-×÷%(.=' and len(re.findall(r'\(', labelShow2)) != len(re.findall(r'\)', labelShow2)):
    777.         labelShow2 += ')'
    778.     # 括号前面的百分号
    779.     if ('出来单挑啊'+labelShow2)[-2] == '%':
    780.         bracketsFlag += 1
    781.         if bracketsFlag % 2:
    782.             labelShow2 = labelShow2[:-1:]+'('
    783.         else:
    784.             labelShow2 = labelShow2[:-1:]+')'
    785.  
    786.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    787.  
    788.  
    789. # 小数点 事件
    790. def ditEvent(event):
    791.     UI.dit.config(activeforeground='gray')
    792.     global labelShow2
    793.     # 小数点开头或者小数点前面是运算符就补零
    794.     if not labelShow2 or labelShow2[-1] in '(+-×÷%':
    795.         labelShow2 += '0'
    796.     # 小数点前面不能是右括号')'
    797.     elif labelShow2[-1] in ')=':
    798.         return
    799.     # 限制小数点输入(一)
    800.     elif not operator:
    801.         if len(re.findall(r'\.', labelShow2)) >= 1:
    802.             return
    803.     # 限制小数点输入(二)
    804.     elif operator and operationData:
    805.         str = labelShow2.split(operationData[-1]+operator[-1])[-1]
    806.         if len(re.findall(r'\.', str)) >= 1:
    807.             return
    808.  
    809.     labelShow2 += '.'
    810.     UI.labelData2.set(labelShow2)
    811.  
    812.  
    813. # 计算式子结果
    814. def resultEvent(event):
    815.     global labelShow1, labelShow2, operator, operationData
    816.     # 分割最后一个数
    817.     if labelShow2[-1] == '%':
    818.         operationData[-1] += operator.pop()
    819.     else:
    820.         operationData.append(labelShow2.split(operationData[-1] + operator[-1])[-1])
    821.     print(operator, operationData)
    822.  
    823.     # 化繁为简，逐个括号化简
    824.     while True:
    825.         leftBrackets = []       # 左括号
    826.         rightBrackets = []      # 右括号
    827.         minBrackets = []        # 最小括号区间
    828.  
    829.         # 查找括号，并存储其索引号
    830.         for i in range(len(operationData)):
    831.             if '(' in operationData[i]:
    832.                 leftBrackets.append(i)
    833.             elif ')' in operationData[i]:
    834.                 rightBrackets.append(i)
    835.  
    836.             # 找到最里层的括号
    837.             for i in range(len(rightBrackets)):
    838.                 # 找到了
    839.                 if leftBrackets[-1] < rightBrackets[i]:
    840.                     left = leftBrackets[-1]
    841.                     right = rightBrackets[i]
    842.                     minBrackets.extend([left, right])
    843.                     break
    844.  
    845.         # 无括号式子设置
    846.         if not minBrackets:
    847.             minBrackets.extend([0, len(operationData)-1])
    848.  
    849.         bracketsNum = operationData[minBrackets[0]:minBrackets[1] + 1:]
    850.         bracketsOperation = operator[minBrackets[0]:minBrackets[1]:]
    851.  
    852.         # 左括号数分割
    853.         bracketsSplit = ''
    854.         if re.findall(r'\(', bracketsNum[0]):
    855.             bracketsSplit = bracketsNum[0].split('()')
    856.             bracketsNum[0] = bracketsSplit[-1]
    857.  
    858.         # 化简括号内的式子
    859.         while True:
    860.             # 结束循环条件
    861.             if not bracketsOperation:
    862.                 break
    863.  
    864.             # 排除运算错误（除数不为零、求余需整数）
    865.             for i in range(len(bracketsOperation)):
    866.  
    867.                 # 让百分号'%'参与运算
    868.                 for j in range(2):
    869.                     if '%' in bracketsNum[i+j]:
    870.                         bracketsNum[i+j] = str(float(bracketsNum[i+j].strip('()')[:-1:])/100)
    871.  
    872.                 # 化简单个数的括号
    873.                 for j in range(2):
    874.                     if '(' in bracketsNum[i+j]:
    875.                         numSplit = len(bracketsNum[i+j].split('-'))-1
    876.                         # 根据负号数，判断数值正负
    877.                         if numSplit % 2 and numSplit >= 1:
    878.                             bracketsNum[i + j] = '-'+bracketsNum[i+j].strip('()+-')
    879.  
    880.                 # 查找除号
    881.                 if bracketsOperation[i] == '÷':
    882.                     # 判断除数是否为零
    883.                     if float(bracketsNum[i+1].strip(')')) == 0:
    884.                         UI.labelData1.set(labelShow1 + '=错误')
    885.                         UI.labelData2.set('除数不能为零')
    886.                         return '除数错误'
    887.  
    888.                 # 查找求余号
    889.                 elif bracketsOperation[i] == '%':
    890.                     # 判断两个数是否为整数
    891.                     for j in range(2):
    892.                         if re.findall(r'\.', bracketsNum[i+j]):
    893.                             UI.labelData1.set(labelShow1 + '=错误')
    894.                             UI.labelData2.set('求余必须为整数')
    895.                             return '求余错误'
    896.  
    897.                 # 查找乘除求余（优先级高）
    898.                 if bracketsOperation[i] in '×÷%':
    899.  
    900.                     # 计算两数之积
    901.                     if bracketsOperation[i] == '×':
    902.                         result = float(bracketsNum[i]) * float(bracketsNum[i+1].strip(')'))
    903.                     # 计算两数之商
    904.                     elif bracketsOperation[i] == '÷':
    905.                         result = float(bracketsNum[i]) / float(bracketsNum[i+1].strip(')'))
    906.                     # 计算两数之余
    907.                     elif bracketsOperation[i] == '%':
    908.                         result = float(bracketsNum[i]) % float(bracketsNum[i+1].strip(')'))
    909.  
    910.                     # 修改括号区间的数据，并进入下一次循环查找
    911.                     bracketsNum.pop(i)
    912.                     bracketsNum.pop(i)
    913.                     bracketsOperation.pop(i)
    914.                     bracketsNum.insert(i, str(result))
    915.                     break
    916.  
    917.                 # 查找加减（优先级低）
    918.                 elif bracketsOperation[i] in '+-':
    919.                     if '×' in bracketsOperation:
    920.                         continue
    921.                     elif '÷' in bracketsOperation:
    922.                         continue
    923.                     elif '%' in bracketsOperation:
    924.                         continue
    925.  
    926.                     # 计算两数之和
    927.                     if bracketsOperation[i] == '+':
    928.                         result = float(bracketsNum[i]) + float(bracketsNum[i + 1].strip(')'))
    929.                     # 计算两数之差
    930.                     elif bracketsOperation[i] == '-':
    931.                         result = float(bracketsNum[i]) - float(bracketsNum[i + 1].strip(')'))
    932.  
    933.                     # 修改括号区间的数据，并进入下一次循环查找
    934.                     bracketsNum.pop(i)
    935.                     bracketsNum.pop(i)
    936.                     bracketsOperation.pop(i)
    937.                     bracketsNum.insert(i, str(result))
    938.                     break
    939.  
    940.         # 替换数据之前要补括号
    941.         leftBracketsNum = len(re.findall(r'\(', operationData[minBrackets[0]]))
    942.         rightBracketsNum = len(re.findall(r'\)', operationData[minBrackets[1]]))
    943.         if len(re.findall(r'\(', operationData[minBrackets[0]])) == len(re.findall(r'\)', operationData[minBrackets[0]]))\
    944.         or len(re.findall(r'\(', operationData[minBrackets[1]])) == len(re.findall(r'\)', operationData[minBrackets[1]])):
    945.             leftBracketsNum = rightBracketsNum = 0
    946.  
    947.         # 删除数据
    948.         for i in range(minBrackets[0], minBrackets[1]+1):
    949.             operationData.pop(minBrackets[0])
    950.         for i in range(minBrackets[0], minBrackets[1]):
    951.             operator.pop(minBrackets[0])
    952.  
    953.         # 化简一个括号后，根据左括号前正负号改变数值正负号
    954.         if leftBracketsNum >= 1 and bracketsSplit[-2] == '-':
    955.             if bracketsNum[0][0] == '-':
    956.                 bracketsNum[0] = bracketsNum[0][1::]
    957.             else:
    958.                 bracketsNum[0] = '-' + bracketsNum[0]
    959.         # 合并分割的左括号
    960.         leftBracketsStr = ''
    961.         if leftBracketsNum > rightBracketsNum:
    962.             for i in range(len(bracketsSplit)-2):
    963.                 leftBracketsStr += bracketsSplit[i]+'('
    964.             bracketsNum[0] = leftBracketsStr + bracketsNum[0]
    965.  
    966.         # 补左括号，并插入计算结果数据
    967.         if leftBracketsNum > rightBracketsNum:
    968.             operationData.insert(minBrackets[0], f"{bracketsNum[0]}")
    969.         # 补右括号，并插入计算结果数据
    970.         elif rightBracketsNum > leftBracketsNum:
    971.             operationData.insert(minBrackets[0], f"{bracketsNum[0]}{')' * (rightBracketsNum-leftBracketsNum)}")
    972.         # 删除两边多余的括号，并插入计算结果数据
    973.         elif leftBracketsNum == rightBracketsNum:
    974.             string = bracketsNum[0]
    975.             # 计算左括号的负号数
    976.             num = 0
    977.             for i in bracketsSplit[:-2:]:
    978.                 if i == '-':
    979.                     num += 1
    980.             # 消除括号
    981.             if leftBracketsNum >= 1 and num:
    982.                 if num % 2:
    983.                     if string[0] == '+':
    984.                         string = '-' + string[1::]
    985.                     elif string[0] != '-':
    986.                         string = '-' + string
    987.                 else:
    988.                     if string[0] == '+':
    989.                         string = string[1::]
    990.  
    991.             operationData.insert(minBrackets[0], string)
    992.  
    993.         # 结束条件循环条件
    994.         if not operator:
    995.             labelShow2 = operationData[0]
    996.             if ('one piece'+operationData[0])[-2::] == '.0':
    997.                 labelShow2 = operationData[0][:-2:]
    998.             return
    999.  
    1000.  
    1001. # 全局变量
    1002. import tkinter as tk
    1003. import time, re
    1004. UI = CalculatorUI()     # 计算器UI设计
    1005. operator = []           # 运算符
    1006. operationData = []      # 运算数据
    1007. labelShow1 = ''         # 标签内容1
    1008. labelShow2 = ''         # 标签内容2
    1009. bracketsFlag = 0        # 计数旗帜
    1010.  
    1011.  
    1012. # 主函数
    1013. def main():
    1014.  
    1015.     widgetColor()       # 组件背景颜色改变
    1016.     UI.base.mainloop()  # 保持窗口运行
    1017.  
    1018.  
    1019. # 代码测试
    1020. if __name__ == '__main__':
    1021.     main()
    1022. else:
    1023.     print(f'导入{__name__}模块')
    1024.

    作者：周华

    创作日期：2023/11/6

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/zhouhua2022/article/details/134233982