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如果你经常做一些嵌入式设备,HC-SR04应该不陌生,一款便宜简单的超声波测距装置,可以应用在智能小车测距壁障,航模飞行器定高等。这篇文章简单讲解,通过一个示例来揉和。
硬件模块:
工作原理:
基本结构:
使用步骤:
接口:
VCC供5V电源,GND为地线,TRIG触发控制信号输入,ECHO回响信号
时序触发图:
不难看出,先触发唤醒,然后其自动发射,8个40kHz脉冲,用定时器来获取其来回的时间,除以2就是其距离。
#include "stm32f1xx_hal.h"
#include "ssd1306.h"
#define TRIG_PIN GPIO_PIN_0
#define ECHO_PIN GPIO_PIN_1
#define TRIG_PORT GPIOA
#define ECHO_PORT GPIOA
uint32_t distance = 0;
char display_buffer[16];
void SystemClock_Config(void);
void GPIO_Init(void);
void I2C_Init(void);
void Ultrasonic_Init(void);
void Ultrasonic_MeasureDistance(void);
void OLED_DisplayDistance(void);
void HAL_SYSTICK_Callback(void);
int main(void)
{
HAL_Init();
SystemClock_Config();
GPIO_Init();
I2C_Init();
Ultrasonic_Init();
ssd1306_Init();
while (1)
{
Ultrasonic_MeasureDistance();
OLED_DisplayDistance();
HAL_Delay(1000);
}
}
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct;
RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct;
__HAL_RCC_PWR_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_PWR_VOLTAGESCALING_CONFIG(PWR_REGULATOR_VOLTAGE_SCALE1);
RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSI;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
RCC_OscInitStruct.HSICalibrationValue = RCC_HSICALIBRATION_DEFAULT;
RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_NONE;
if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_HSI;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;
if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_0) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
HAL_SYSTICK_Config(HAL_RCC_GetHCLKFreq()/1000);
HAL_SYSTICK_CLKSourceConfig(SYSTICK_CLKSOURCE_HCLK);
HAL_NVIC_SetPriority(SysTick_IRQn, 0, 0);
}
void GPIO_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = TRIG_PIN;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
HAL_GPIO_Init(TRIG_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = ECHO_PIN;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLDOWN;
HAL_GPIO_Init(ECHO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
void I2C_Init(void)
{
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_AFIO_CLK_ENABLE();
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_6 | GPIO_PIN_7;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_OD;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
__HAL_AFIO_REMAP_I2C1_ENABLE();
__HAL_RCC_I2C1_CLK_ENABLE();
I2C_HandleTypeDef hi2c1;
hi2c1.Instance = I2C1;
hi2c1.Init.ClockSpeed = 400000;
hi2c1.Init.DutyCycle = I2C_DUTYCYCLE_2;
hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress1 = 0;
hi2c1.Init.AddressingMode = I2C_ADDRESSINGMODE_7BIT;
hi2c1.Init.DualAddressMode = I2C_DUALADDRESS_DISABLE;
hi2c1.Init.OwnAddress2 = 0;
hi2c1.Init.GeneralCallMode = I2C_GENERALCALL_DISABLE;
hi2c1.Init.NoStretchMode = I2C_NOSTRETCH_DISABLE;
if (HAL_I2C_Init(&hi2c1) != HAL_OK)
{
Error_Handler();
}
__HAL_RCC_GPIOB_CLK_ENABLE();
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = GPIO_PIN_10 | GPIO_PIN_11;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_AF_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
HAL_GPIO_Init(GPIOB, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
void Ultrasonic_Init(void)
{
// 配置超声波传感器
GPIO_InitTypeDef GPIO_InitStruct;
__HAL_RCC_GPIOA_CLK_ENABLE();
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = TRIG_PIN;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_OUTPUT_PP;
GPIO_InitStruct.Speed = GPIO_SPEED_FREQ_HIGH;
HAL_GPIO_Init(TRIG_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
GPIO_InitStruct.Pin = ECHO_PIN;
GPIO_InitStruct.Mode = GPIO_MODE_INPUT;
GPIO_InitStruct.Pull = GPIO_PULLDOWN;
HAL_GPIO_Init(ECHO_PORT, &GPIO_InitStruct);
}
void Ultrasonic_MeasureDistance(void)
{
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TRIG_PORT, TRIG_PIN, GPIO_PIN_SET);
HAL_Delay(10);
HAL_GPIO_WritePin(TRIG_PORT, TRIG_PIN, GPIO_PIN_RESET);
while (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(ECHO_PORT, ECHO_PIN) == GPIO_PIN_RESET);
uint32_t start = HAL_GetTick();
while (HAL_GPIO_ReadPin(ECHO_PORT, ECHO_PIN) == GPIO_PIN_SET);
uint32_t end = HAL_GetTick();
distance = (end - start) * 0.034 / 2;
}
void OLED_DisplayDistance(void)
{
sprintf(display_buffer, "%d cm", distance);
ssd1306_Fill(Black);
ssd1306_SetCursor(25, 25);
ssd1306_WriteString(display_buffer, Font_11x18, White);
ssd1306_UpdateScreen();
}
void HAL_SYSTICK_Callback(void)
{
HAL_IncTick();
}
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