• Kubeadm - K8S1.20 - 高可用集群部署(博客)


    Kubeadm - K8S1.20 - 高可用集群部署

    一.环境准备

    1.系统设置

    注意事项:
    master节点cpu核心数要求大于2
    ●最新的版本不一定好,但相对于旧版本,核心功能稳定,但新增功能、接口相对不稳
    ●学会一个版本的 高可用部署,其他版本操作都差不多
    ●宿主机尽量升级到CentOS 7.9
    ●内核kernel升级到 4.19+ 这种稳定的内核
    ●部署k8s版本时,尽量找 1.xx.5 这种大于5的小版本(这种一般是比较稳定的版本)

    //所有节点,关闭防火墙规则,关闭selinux,关闭swap交换
    systemctl stop firewalld
    systemctl disable firewalld
    setenforce 0
    sed -i 's/enforcing/disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
    iptables -F && iptables -t nat -F && iptables -t mangle -F && iptables -X
    swapoff -a
    sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab
    
    
    //修改主机名
    hostnamectl set-hostname master01
    hostnamectl set-hostname master02
    hostnamectl set-hostname master03
    hostnamectl set-hostname node01
    hostnamectl set-hostname node02
    
    
    //所有节点修改hosts文件
    vim /etc/hosts
    192.168.82.100 master01
    192.168.82.101 master02
    192.168.82.102 master03
    192.168.82.103 node01
    192.168.82.104 node02
    
    
    //所有节点时间同步
    yum -y install ntpdate
    ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
    echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
    ntpdate time2.aliyun.com
    
    systemctl enable --now crond
    
    crontab -e
    */30 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com
    
    
    //所有节点实现Linux的资源限制
    vim /etc/security/limits.conf
    * soft nofile 65536
    * hard nofile 131072
    * soft nproc 65535
    * hard nproc 655350
    * soft memlock unlimited
    * hard memlock unlimited
    
    
    //所有节点升级内核
    wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm -O /opt/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
    wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm -O /opt/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
    
    cd /opt/
    yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*
    
    #更改内核启动方式
    grub2-set-default 0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
    grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"
    grubby --default-kernel
    reboot
    
    
    //调整内核参数
    cat > /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf <<EOF
    net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
    net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
    fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
    vm.overcommit_memory=1
    vm.panic_on_oom=0
    fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
    fs.file-max=52706963
    fs.nr_open=52706963
    net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
    
    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
    net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
    net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
    net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
    net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
    net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
    net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
    net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
    net.core.somaxconn = 16384
    EOF
    
    #生效参数
    sysctl --system  
    
    
    //加载 ip_vs 模块
    for i in $(ls /usr/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/net/netfilter/ipvs|grep -o "^[^.]*");do echo $i; /sbin/modinfo -F filename $i >/dev/null 2>&1 && /sbin/modprobe $i;done
    
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    二.所有节点安装docker

    yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 
    yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo 
    yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
    
    mkdir /etc/docker
    cat > /etc/docker/daemon.json <<EOF
    {
      "registry-mirrors": ["https://xxxxxxx.mirror.aliyuncs.com"],
      "exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
      "log-driver": "json-file",
      "log-opts": {
        "max-size": "500m", "max-file": "3"
      }
    }
    EOF
    
    systemctl daemon-reload
    systemctl restart docker.service
    systemctl enable docker.service 
    
    docker info | grep "Cgroup Driver"
    Cgroup Driver: systemd
    
    
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    三.所有节点安装kubeadm,kubelet和kubectl

    1.定义kubernetes源

    cat > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo << EOF
    [kubernetes]
    name=Kubernetes
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
    enabled=1
    gpgcheck=0
    repo_gpgcheck=0
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
    EOF
    
    yum install -y kubelet-1.20.15 kubeadm-1.20.15 kubectl-1.20.15
    
    #配置Kubelet使用阿里云的pause镜像
    cat > /etc/sysconfig/kubelet <<EOF
    KUBELET_EXTRA_ARGS="--cgroup-driver=systemd --pod-infra-container-image=registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers/pause-amd64:3.2"
    EOF
    
    
    //开机自启kubelet
    systemctl enable --now kubelet
    
    
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    2.高可用组件安装、配置

    //所有 master 节点部署 Haproxy
    yum -y install haproxy keepalived
    
    cat > /etc/haproxy/haproxy.cfg << EOF
    global
        log         127.0.0.1 local0 info
        log         127.0.0.1 local1 warning
        chroot      /var/lib/haproxy
        pidfile     /var/run/haproxy.pid
        maxconn     4000
        user        haproxy
        group       haproxy
        daemon
        stats socket /var/lib/haproxy/stats
    
    defaults
        mode                    tcp
        log                     global
        option                  tcplog
        option                  dontlognull
        option                  redispatch
        retries                 3
        timeout queue           1m
        timeout connect         10s
        timeout client          1m
        timeout server          1m
        timeout check           10s
        maxconn                 3000
    
    frontend monitor-in
        bind *:33305
        mode http
        option httplog
        monitor-uri /monitor
    
    frontend k8s-master
        bind *:6444   
        mode tcp
        option tcplog
        default_backend k8s-master
    
    backend k8s-master
        mode tcp
        option tcplog
        option tcp-check
        balance roundrobin
        server k8s-master1 192.168.82.100:6443  check inter 10000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
        server k8s-master2 192.168.82.101:6443  check inter 10000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
        server k8s-master3 192.168.82.102:6443  check inter 10000 fall 2 rise 2 weight 1
    EOF
    
    
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    //所有 master 节点部署 keepalived
    yum -y install keepalived
    
    cd /etc/keepalived/
    vim keepalived.conf
    ! Configuration File for keepalived
    global_defs {
        router_id LVS_HA1			#路由标识符,每个节点配置不同
    }
    
    vrrp_script chk_haproxy {
        script "/etc/keepalived/check_haproxy.sh"
        interval 2
        weight 2
    }
    
    vrrp_instance VI_1 {
        state MASTER				#本机实例状态,MASTER/BACKUP,备机配置文件中设置BACKUP
        interface ens33
        virtual_router_id 51
        priority 100				#本机初始权重,备机设置小于主机的值
        advert_int 1
        virtual_ipaddress {
            192.168.82.200          #设置VIP地址
        }
        track_script {
            chk_haproxy
        }
    }
    
    
    vim check_haproxy.sh
    #!/bin/bash
    if ! killall -0 haproxy; then
        systemctl stop keepalived
    fi
    
    
    systemctl enable --now haproxy
    systemctl enable --now keepalived
    
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    四.部署K8S集群

    //在 master01 节点上设置集群初始化配置文件
    kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml
    
    cd /opt/
    vim kubeadm-config.yaml
    ......
    11 localAPIEndpoint:
    12   advertiseAddress: 192.168.82.100		#指定当前master节点的IP地址
    13   bindPort: 6443                         #注意haproxy中的后端端口
    
    21 apiServer:
    22   certSANs:								#在apiServer属性下面添加一个certsSANs的列表,添加所有master节点的IP地址和集群VIP地址
    23   - 192.168.82.200
    24   - 192.168.82.100
    25   - 192.168.82.101
    26   - 192.168.82.102
    
    30 clusterName: kubernetes
    31 controlPlaneEndpoint: "192.168.82.200:6444"		#指定集群VIP地址,注意与haproxy的前端访问端口一致
    32 controllerManager: {}
    
    38 imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers			#指定镜像下载地址
    39 kind: ClusterConfiguration
    40 kubernetesVersion: v1.20.15				#指定kubernetes版本号
    41 networking:
    42   dnsDomain: cluster.local
    43   podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"				#指定pod网段,10.244.0.0/16用于匹配flannel默认网段
    44   serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16			#指定service网段
    45 scheduler: {}
    #末尾再添加以下内容
    --- 
    apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
    kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
    mode: ipvs									#把默认的kube-proxy调度方式改为ipvs模式
    
    
    #更新集群初始化配置文件
    kubeadm config migrate --old-config kubeadm-config.yaml --new-config new.yaml
    
    
    //所有节点拉取镜像
    #拷贝yaml配置文件给其他主机,通过配置文件进行拉取镜像
    for i in master02 master03 node01 node02; do scp /opt/new.yaml $i:/opt/; done
    
    kubeadm config images pull --config /opt/new.yaml
    
    
    //master01 节点进行初始化
    kubeadm init --config new.yaml --upload-certs | tee kubeadm-init.log
    #提示:
    .........
    Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
    
    To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
    
      mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
      sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
      sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
    
    Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
    
      export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
    
    You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
    Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
      https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
    
    You can now join any number of the control-plane node running the following command on each as root:
    #master节点加入使用的命令,记录!
      kubeadm join 192.168.82.200:6444 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e76e4525ca29a9ccd5c24142a724bdb6ab86512420215242c4313fb830a4eb98 \
        --control-plane --certificate-key 0f2a7ff2c46ec172f834e237fcca8a02e7c29500746594c25d995b78c92dde96
    
    Please note that the certificate-key gives access to cluster sensitive data, keep it secret!
    As a safeguard, uploaded-certs will be deleted in two hours; If necessary, you can use
    "kubeadm init phase upload-certs --upload-certs" to reload certs afterward.
    
    Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
    #node节点加入使用的命令。记录!
    kubeadm join 192.168.82.200:6444 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e76e4525ca29a9ccd5c24142a724bdb6ab86512420215242c4313fb830a4eb98
    
    #若初始化失败,进行的操作
    kubeadm reset -f
    ipvsadm --clear 
    rm -rf ~/.kube
    再次进行初始化
    
    
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    //master01 节点进行环境配置
    #配置 kubectl
    mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
    cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
    chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
    
    #修改controller-manager和scheduler配置文件
    vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-scheduler.yaml 
    vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-controller-manager.yaml
    ......
        #- --port=0					#搜索port=0,把这一行注释掉
    
    systemctl restart kubelet
    
    #部署网络插件flannel
    所有节点上传 flannel 镜像 flannel.tar 和网络插件 cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz 到 /opt 目录,master节点上传 kube-flannel.yml 文件
    cd /opt
    docker load < flannel.tar
    
    mv /opt/cni /opt/cni_bak
    mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
    tar zxvf cni-plugins-linux-amd64-v0.8.6.tgz -C /opt/cni/bin
    
    kubectl apply -f kube-flannel.yml 
    
    
    //所有节点加入集群
    #master 节点加入集群
    kubeadm join 192.168.82.200:6444 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e76e4525ca29a9ccd5c24142a724bdb6ab86512420215242c4313fb830a4eb98 \
        --control-plane --certificate-key 0f2a7ff2c46ec172f834e237fcca8a02e7c29500746594c25d995b78c92dde96
    
    mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
    sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
    sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
    
    #node 节点加入集群
    kubeadm join 192.168.82.200:6444 --token 7t2weq.bjbawausm0jaxury \
        --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e76e4525ca29a9ccd5c24142a724bdb6ab86512420215242c4313fb830a4eb98
    
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    #在 master01 查看集群信息
    kubectl get nodes
    NAME       STATUS   ROLES                  AGE    VERSION
    master01   Ready    control-plane,master   2h5m   v1.20.15
    master02   Ready    control-plane,master   2h5m   v1.20.15
    master03   Ready    control-plane,master   2h5m   v1.20.15
    node01     Ready    <none>                 2h5m   v1.20.15
    node02     Ready    <none>                 2h5m   v1.20.15
    
    
    kubectl get pod -n kube-system 
    NAME                               READY   STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
    coredns-74ff55c5b-4fg44            1/1     Running   2          2h5m
    coredns-74ff55c5b-jsdxz            1/1     Running   0          2h5m
    etcd-master01                      1/1     Running   1          2h5m
    etcd-master02                      1/1     Running   1          2h5m
    etcd-master03                      1/1     Running   1          2h5m
    kube-apiserver-master01            1/1     Running   1          2h5m
    kube-apiserver-master02            1/1     Running   1          2h5m
    kube-apiserver-master03            1/1     Running   1          2h5m
    kube-controller-manager-master01   1/1     Running   3          2h5m
    kube-controller-manager-master02   1/1     Running   1          2h5m
    kube-controller-manager-master03   1/1     Running   2          2h5m
    kube-flannel-ds-8qtx6              1/1     Running   2          2h4m
    kube-flannel-ds-lmzdz              1/1     Running   0          2h4m
    kube-flannel-ds-nb9qx              1/1     Running   1          2h4m
    kube-flannel-ds-t4l4x              1/1     Running   1          2h4m
    kube-flannel-ds-v592x              1/1     Running   1          2h4m
    kube-proxy-6gd5j                   1/1     Running   1          2h5m
    kube-proxy-f8k96                   1/1     Running   3          2h5m
    kube-proxy-h7nrf                   1/1     Running   1          2h5m
    kube-proxy-j96b6                   1/1     Running   1          2h5m
    kube-proxy-mgmx6                   1/1     Running   0          2h5m
    kube-scheduler-master01            1/1     Running   1          2h5m
    kube-scheduler-master02            1/1     Running   2          2h5m
    kube-scheduler-master03            1/1     Running   2          2h5m
    
    
    
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    五.问题解决

    1.加入集群的 Token 过期

    注意:Token值在集群初始化后,有效期为 24小时 ,过了24小时过期。进行重新生成Token,再次加入集群,新生成的Token为 2小时。
    
    1.1、生成Node节点加入集群的 Token
    kubeadm token create --print-join-command
    kubeadm join 192.168.82.200:16443 --token menw99.1hbsurvl5fiz119n     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e76e4525ca29a9ccd5c24142a724bdb6ab865	12420215242c4313fb830a4eb98
    
    
    1.2、生成Master节点加入集群的 --certificate-key
    kubeadm init phase upload-certs  --upload-certs
    I1105 12:33:08.201601   93226 version.go:254] remote version is much newer: v1.22.3; falling back to: stable-1.20
    [upload-certs] Storing the certificates in Secret "kubeadm-certs" in the "kube-system" Namespace
    [upload-certs] Using certificate key:
    38dba94af7a38700c3698b8acdf8e23f273be07877f5c86f4977dc023e333deb
    
    #master节点加入集群的命令
    kubeadm join 192.168.82.200:16443 --token menw99.1hbsurvl5fiz119n     --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:e76e4525ca29a9ccd5c24142a724bdb6ab86512420215242c4313fb830a4eb98 \
     --control-plane --certificate-key 38dba94af7a38700c3698b8acdf8e23f273be07877f5c86f4977dc023e333deb
    
    
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    2.master节点 无法部署非系统Pod

    解析:主要是因为master节点被加上污点,污点是不允许部署非系统 Pod,在 测试 环境,可以将污点去除,节省资源,可利用率。
    
    2.1、查看污点
    kubectl  describe node -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master=  | grep Taints
    Taints:             node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule
    Taints:             node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule
    Taints:             node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule
    
    
    2.2、取消污点
    kubectl  taint node  -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master node-role.kubernetes.io/master:NoSchedule-
    node/master01 untainted
    node/master02 untainted
    node/master03 untainted
    
    kubectl  describe node -l node-role.kubernetes.io/master=  | grep Taints
    Taints:             <none>
    Taints:             <none>
    Taints:             <none>
    
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    3.修改NodePort的默认端口

    原理:默认k8s的使用端口的范围为30000左右,作为对外部提供的端口。我们也可以通过对配置文件的修改去指定默认的对外端口的范围。
    
    #报错
    The Service "nginx-svc" is invalid: spec.ports[0].nodePort: Invalid value: 80: provided port is not in the valid range. The range of valid ports is 30000-32767
    
    
    [root@k8s-master1 ~]# vim /etc/kubernetes/manifests/kube-apiserver.yaml
    - --service-cluster-ip-range=10.96.0.0/16
    - --service-node-port-range=1-65535    #找到后进行添加即可
    
    #无需重启,k8s会自动生效
    
    
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    4.外部 etcd 部署配置

    kubeadm config print init-defaults > /opt/kubeadm-config.yaml
    
    cd /opt/
    vim kubeadm-config.yaml
    apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
    bootstrapTokens:
    - groups:
      - system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
      token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
      ttl: 24h0m0s
      usages:
      - signing
      - authentication
    kind: InitConfiguration
    localAPIEndpoint:
      advertiseAddress: 192.168.82.104
      bindPort: 6443
    nodeRegistration:
      criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
      name: master01
      taints:
      - effect: NoSchedule
        key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
    ---
    apiServer:
      certSANs:
      - 10.96.0.1
      - 127.0.0.1
      - localhost
      - kubernetes
      - kubernetes.default
      - kubernetes.default.svc
      - kubernetes.default.svc.cluster.local
      - 192.168.82.200
      - 192.168.82.100
      - 192.168.82.101
      - 192.168.82.102
      - master01
      - master02
      - master03
      timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
    apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
    certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
    clusterName: kubernetes
    controlPlaneEndpoint: 192.168.82.200:16443
    controllerManager: {}
    dns:
      type: CoreDNS
    etcd:
      external:                                #使用外部etcd的方式
        endpoints:
        - https://192.168.82.100:2379
        - https://192.168.82.101:2379
        - https://192.168.82.102:2379
        caFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/ca.pem           #需要把etcd的证书都复制到所有master节点上
        certFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/server.pem
        keyFile: /opt/etcd/ssl/server-key.pem
    imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
    kind: ClusterConfiguration
    kubernetesVersion: v1.20.15
    networking:
      dnsDomain: cluster.local
      podSubnet: "10.244.0.0/16"
      serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/16
    scheduler: {}
    ---
    apiVersion: kubeproxy.config.k8s.io/v1alpha1
    kind: KubeProxyConfiguration
    mode: ipvs
    
    
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  • 原文地址:https://blog.csdn.net/qq_54235967/article/details/134232747