[Docker]三.Docker 部署nginx,以及映射端口,挂载数据卷

一.Docker 部署 Nginx 以及端口映射

Docker 部署 Nginx,首先需要下载nginx镜像,然后启动这个镜像,就运行了一个nginx的容器了

1.下载 nginx 镜像并启动容器


#查看是否存在nginx镜像:发现没有nginx镜像
[root@localhost zph]# docker images |  grep nginx
 
#下载nginx镜像
[root@localhost zph]# docker pull nginx
Using default tag: latest
latest: Pulling from library/nginx
a378f10b3218: Pull complete 
5b5e4b85559a: Pull complete 
508092f60780: Pull complete 
59c24706ed13: Pull complete 
1a8747e4a8f8: Pull complete 
ad85f053b4ed: Pull complete 
3000e3c97745: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:add4792d930c25dd2abf2ef9ea79de578097a1c175a16ab25814332fe33622de
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:latest
docker.io/library/nginx:latest
 
#再次查看是否存在nginx镜像:发现下载成功了nginx镜像
[root@localhost zph]# docker images
REPOSITORY                       TAG                 IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx                            latest              593aee2afb64   22 hours ago    187MB
 
#启动nginx容器,在后台运行,不用加/bin/bash命令,因为nignx底层会执行相关命令
[root@localhost zph]# docker run -it -d --name mynginx 593aee2afb64 
e0773deea60048d82729038535fad45308204e181da6c7a35fb44090cc552077
 
#查看启动的容器:发现nginx已经启动
[root@localhost zph]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
e0773deea600   593aee2afb64   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds   80/tcp    mynginx
[root@localhost zph]#

启动nginx容器成功后,这样就创建了一个web服务了,验证这个容器是否成功: 进入nginx容器访问url,验证nginx


#进入nginx容器访问url,验证nginx
[root@localhost zph]# docker exec -it e0773deea600 /bin/bash
 
#curl 验证是否可以打印出nginx相关html:发现可以打印,说明nginx容器创建成功
root@e0773deea600:/# curl 127.0.0.1
<head>
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
 
For online documentation and support please refer to
"http://nginx.org/">nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
"http://nginx.com/">nginx.com.
 
Thank you for using nginx.
root@e0773deea600:/#

nginx容器创建成功后,那么怎么在外部访问这个容器的url呢?

2. -p 映射端口

想在外部访问容器里面的 nginx 这个时候就需要映射端口

可以通过 -p 参数来映射端口,语法:

docker run -p 容器外端口:容器内端口容器名/容器ID


#查看运行的容器
[root@localhost zph]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
e0773deea600   593aee2afb64   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   15 minutes ago   Up 15 minutes   80/tcp    mynginx
 
#查看镜像
[root@localhost zph]# docker images | grep nginx
nginx                            latest              593aee2afb64   23 hours ago    187MB
 
# 再运行一个nginx容器(一个镜像可以运行多个容器),并进行端口映射,让外部也可以访问nginx容器中的html
[root@localhost zph]# docker run -it -d --name mynginx_port -p 81:80 593aee2afb64 
36bf218c9754446319299c61f919d54aeebf0d3734ecc0de56183972ea7d6614
 
#查看运行的容器:发现mynginx_port容器已在运行了
[root@localhost zph]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
36bf218c9754   593aee2afb64   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   5 seconds ago    Up 3 seconds    0.0.0.0:81->80/tcp, :::81->80/tcp   mynginx_port
e0773deea600   593aee2afb64   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   16 minutes ago   Up 16 minutes   80/tcp                              mynginx
 
#在linux系统中访问nginx中的html:发现成功访问了
[root@localhost zph]# curl 127.0.0.1:81
<head>
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
 
For online documentation and support please refer to
"http://nginx.org/">nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
"http://nginx.com/">nginx.com.
 
Thank you for using nginx.
 
#查看当前linux对外的ip:发现是ens33中的:192.168.0.6
[root@localhost zph]# ip addr
1: lo:  mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
    link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
    inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
    inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: ens33:  mtu 1500 qdisc fq_codel state UP group default qlen 1000
    link/ether 00:0c:29:c3:3d:27 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
    inet 192.168.0.6/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global dynamic noprefixroute ens33
       valid_lft 171516sec preferred_lft 171516sec
    inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fec3:3d27/64 scope link noprefixroute 
       valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 
#在linux中,通过192.168.0.6本地ip访问发现访问成功
[root@localhost zph]# curl 192.168.0.6:81
<head>
Welcome to nginx!
Welcome to nginx!
If you see this page, the nginx web server is successfully installed and
working. Further configuration is required.
 
For online documentation and support please refer to
"http://nginx.org/">nginx.org.
Commercial support is available at
"http://nginx.com/">nginx.com.
 
Thank you for using nginx.
[root@localhost zph]#

二.Docker 部署 Nginx 挂载数据卷

1.-v 指定路径挂载数据卷

挂载数据卷后,当容器外的数据发生变化,容器内的数据也会跟随变化,当容器内的数据发生变化后,也会同步到容器外

基本语法:

docker run -v 容器外目录 : 容器内目录容器 ID


#查看镜像
[root@localhost www]# docker images
REPOSITORY                       TAG                 IMAGE ID       CREATED         SIZE
nginx                            latest              593aee2afb64   37 hours ago    187MB
 
 
#端口映射以及挂载数据
[root@localhost www]# docker run -it -d --name mynginx_pv -p 82:80 -v /var/www/:/usr/local/nginx/html  593aee2afb64
ce47906a57afb7c24a1847211f60e7d778e86a2e0b3c65bbf2bed7cb48123ad8
 
#查看var/www下文件
root@localhost www]# ll
总用量 12
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5 10月 26 07:37 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10 10月 25 07:54 test2.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 12 10月 25 07:51 test.txt
 
#查看运行的容器
[root@localhost www]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS                               NAMES
ce47906a57af   593aee2afb64   "/docker-entrypoint.…"   45 seconds ago   Up 42 seconds   0.0.0.0:82->80/tcp, :::82->80/tcp   mynginx_pv
 
#进入容器
[root@localhost www]# docker exec -it ce47906a57af /bin/bash
 
#进入挂载的数据目录
root@ce47906a57af:/# cd /usr/local/nginx/html
 
#查看文件
root@ce47906a57af:/usr/local/nginx/html# ls
index.html  test.txt  test2.txt
 
#删除一个文件
root@ce47906a57af:/usr/local/nginx/html# rm -rf test.txt 
root@ce47906a57af:/usr/local/nginx/html# ls
index.html  test2.txt
 
#退出
root@ce47906a57af:/usr/local/nginx/html# exit
 
#查看外面数据文件是否被删除:发现已经被删除了,操作成功
[root@localhost www]# ll
总用量 8
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root  5 10月 26 07:37 index.html
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10 10月 25 07:54 test2.txt

2.docker inspect 命令查看容器运行的细节

查看详细的映射关系

[root@localhost wwwroot]# docker inspect 3408e7d7a430

3.-v 匿名挂载数据卷

基本语法:

docker run -v 容器内目录容器 ID

-P 表示随机映射端口


docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v /etc/nginx nginx
e6aea0a9c58cf4f31ce0ebdd43b071845ba5b1ee772949a5cf02da5f40e2245c
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATU
S PORTS NAMES
e6aea0a9c58c nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 2 seconds ago Up 1 second
0.0.0.0:49155->80/tcp, :::49155->80/tcp nginx01

查看挂载详情


[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local 3f55b08bbafb39845c98efe1cf18dfa7fedea21c2fad24cb14759dced3872ba2
local 4de46af05120a375cb5270af59790f432c64758517352963f55e67cd3bfa56d8
local 5a8a57ea0fe775429577c451d23687f76634b5ee845c95e6e30a099b888ac2c1
local 5c97447224de838eab94272de4cb556cea8e79a4469b618c00cba1b826e0d37e
local 6b8cfbcf9727dc2c3f404cf9d830de7971fe7d46a56c5a0a42222182917fd6ae
local 6b9adae890deb91efcf5a52913f6ab61d8c22a83c2130fc21c9a3f44f32919
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect e6aea0a9c58c | grep volume
"Type": "volume", "Source": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/3f55b08bbafb39845c98efe1cf18dfa7fed
ea21c2fad24cb14759dced3872ba2/_data

4.-v 具名挂载数据卷

基本语法:

docker run -v 卷名称:容器内目录容器 ID


docker run -d -P --name nginx01 -v juming:/etc/nginx nginx
[root@localhost ~]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATU
S PORTS NAMES
57764c6d6901 nginx "/docker-entrypoint.…" 5 seconds ago Up 4 seconds
0.0.0.0:49156->80/tcp, :::49156->80/tcp nginx01
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume ls
DRIVER VOLUME NAME
local 3f55b08bbafb39845c98efe1cf18dfa7fedea21c2fad24cb14759dced3872ba2
local fdf7b0c7847f62ffe2326ef8a11b746efbb8b9fd212970cd31ccca5385fc9865
local juming
 
查看挂载详情
[root@localhost ~]# docker volume inspect juming
[
{ "CreatedAt": "2021-07-28T05:09:13-04:00", "Driver": "local", "Labels": null, "Mountpoint": "/var/lib/docker/volumes/juming/_data",
Name": "juming", "Options": null, "Scope": "local"
}
]

5.Docker 运行容器传递环境变量

语法:

docker run -e 变量名 = 变量值容器 ID

printenv: 打印出环境变量


#传递一个环境变量
[root@localhost www]# docker run --rm --name centos8_env -e TEST_DOMAIN=www.xxx.com  5d0da3dc9764 printenv
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=1d078b1e2069
TEST_DOMAIN=www.xxx.com
HOME=/root
 
#传递多个环境变量
[root@localhost www]# docker run --rm --name centos8_env -e TEST_DOMAIN=www.xxx.com -e TEST_ADDR=192.68.1.111  5d0da3dc9764 printenv
PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin
HOSTNAME=1c3d6eaef5b7
TEST_DOMAIN=www.xxx.com
TEST_ADDR=192.68.1.111
HOME=/root

6.Docker 容器内安装软件

Docker 容器内安装软件和linux 中安装软是一样的,Centos 系列用yum安装,Ubuntu 系列用apt-get 安装


#进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker exec -it centos_v /bin/bash
 
#查看
[root@095f45520b1e /]# ls
bin dev etc home lib lib64 lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin
srv sys tmp usr var
 
#使用ifocnfig容器ip:发现没有ifconfig包以及命令
[root@095f45520b1e /]# ifconfig
bash: ifconfig: command not found
 
#安装net-tools
[root@095f45520b1e /]#yum install -y net-tools
 
#查看容器的 ip
[root@095f45520b1e /]# ifconfig
eth0: flags=4163 mtu 1500
inet 172.17.0.2 netmask 255.255.0.0 broadcast 172.17.255.255
ether 02:42:ac:11:00:02 txqueuelen 0 (Ethernet)
RX packets 7805 bytes 14138450 (13.4 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 4715 bytes 259714 (253.6 KiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73 mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 0 bytes 0 (0.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 0 bytes 0

[上一节][Docker]二.Docker 镜像,仓库,容器介绍以及详解

[下一节][Docker]四.Docker部署nodejs项目,部署Mysql,部署Redis,部署Mongodb

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原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/zhoupenghui168/article/details/134045594