Web前端-Vue2+Vue3基础入门到实战项目-Day5(路由进阶, 案例 - 面经基础版)

路由进阶

路由模块封装

• 优点: 拆分模块, 利于维护
• 如何快速引入组件: 基于@指代src目录, 从src目录出发找组件
• 拆分步骤:
  1. 新建router/index.js, 写入路由模块代码
  2. 在index.js, 开头加入import Vue from 'vue', 结尾加入export default router
  3. 在main.js中加入import router from './router/index'

声明式导航

导航链接

需求: 实现导航高亮效果

• 使用vue-router提供的全局组件router-link(取代a标签)
  • 能跳转, 配置to属性指定路径(必须). 本质还是a标签, to无需#
  • 能高亮, 默认就会提供高亮类名, 可以直接设置高亮样式

<template>
  <div>
    <div class="footer_wrap">
      <router-link to="/find">发现音乐router-link>
      ...
    div>
    ...
  div>
template>
<style>
.footer_wrap a.router-link-active {
  background-color: blue;
}
style>
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模糊 & 精确 匹配

router-link-active 模糊匹配
to="/find" => 地址栏 /find /find/one /find/two ...

router-link-exact-active
to="/find" => 地址栏 /find
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router-link-active {
  background-color: blue;
}
router-link-exact-active {
  background-color: blue;
} */
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自定义匹配类名

const router = new VueRouter({
  ...
  // link自定义高亮类名
  linkActiveClass: 'active', // 配置模糊匹配的类名
  linkExactActiveClass: 'exact-active' // 配置精确匹配的类名
})
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跳转传参

• 查询参数传参 (适合传多个参数)
  • 跳转: to="/path?参数名1=值&参数名2=值"
  • 获取: $route.query.参数名
• 动态路由传参 (适合传单个参数)
  • 配置动态路由: path: "/path/参数名
  • 跳转: to="/path/参数名
  • 获取: $route.params.参数名
  • 参数可选符: /path/:words?表示参数可传可不传

Vue路由

重定向

• 问题: 开始的默认路径是/路径, 未匹配到组件会出现空白
• 解决:

  const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
      { path: '/', redirect: '/home'},
      ...
  ]
  })
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404

• 作用: 当路径找不到匹配时, 给出提示页面
• 位置: 配在路由最后

const router = new VueRouter({
  routes: [
    ...
    { path: '*', component: NotFind}
  ]
})
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模式设置

• hash路由(默认): 路径中带有#
• history路由(常用): 路径中没有#, 但是上线后需要服务器端支持

const router = new VueRouter({
  mode: 'history',
  ...
})
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编程式导航

基本跳转

<script>
export default {
  ...
  methods: {
    goSearch () {
      // 1. 通过路径的方式跳转
      //    简写
      // this.$router.push('/search') 
      //    完整写法
      // this.$router.push({
      //   path: '/search'
      // })

      // 2. 通过命名路由的方式跳转 (需要给路由命名, 适合长路由)
      this.$router.push({
        name: 'search'
      })
    }
  }
}
</script>
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路由传参

<script>
export default {
  name: 'FindMusic',
  methods: {
    goSearch () {
      // 1. 通过路径的方式跳转
      //    简写
      //    query传参
      this.$router.push('/search?key1=val1&key2=val2')
      //    动态路由传参
      this.$router.push('/search/val')
      //    完整写法
      //    query传参
      this.$router.push({
        path: '/search',
        query: {
          key1: 'val1',
          key2: 'val2'
        }
      })
      //    动态路由传参
      this.$router.push({
        path: '/search/val',
      })

      // 2. 通过命名路由的方式跳转 (适合长路由)
      //   query传参
      this.$router.push({
        name: 'search',
        query: {
          key1: 'val1',
          key2: 'val2'
        }
      })
      //   动态路由传参
      this.$router.push({
        name: 'search',
        params: {
          key1: 'val1',
          key2: 'val2'
        }
      })
    }
  }
}
</script>
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案例 - 面经基础版

• App.vue

  <template>
    <div class="h5-wrapper">
      
      <keep-alive :include="keepArray">
        <router-view>router-view>
      keep-alive>
    div>
  template>
  
  <script>
  export default {
    name: "h5-wrapper",
    data () {
      return {
        keepArray: ['LayoutPage']
      }
    }
  }
  script>
  
  <style>
  body {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }
  style>
  <style lang="less" scoped>
  .h5-wrapper {
    .content {
      margin-bottom: 51px;
    }
    .tabbar {
      position: fixed;
      left: 0;
      bottom: 0;
      width: 100%;
      height: 50px;
      line-height: 50px;
      text-align: center;
      display: flex;
      background: #fff;
      border-top: 1px solid #e4e4e4;
      a {
        flex: 1;
        text-decoration: none;
        font-size: 14px;
        color: #333;
        -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
        &.router-link-active {
          color: #fa0;
        }
      }
    }
  }
  style>
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• router/index.js

  import Vue from 'vue'
  import VueRouter from "vue-router"
  
  import Article from '@/views/Article'
  import ArticleDetail from '@/views/ArticleDetail'
  import Layout from '@/views/Layout'
  import Collect from '@/views/Collect'
  import Like from '@/views/Like'
  import User from '@/views/User'
  
  Vue.use(VueRouter)
  
  const router = new VueRouter({
    routes: [
      { 
        path: '/', 
        component: Layout,
        redirect: '/article',
        // 通过children配置项, 可以配置嵌套子路由
        // 1. 在children配置项中, 配规则
        // 2. 准备二级路由出口
        children: [
          { path: '/article', component: Article },
          { path: '/collect', component: Collect },
          { path: '/like', component: Like },
          { path: '/user', component: User },
        ]
      },
      { path: '/detail/:id', component: ArticleDetail },
      
    ]
  })
  
  export default router
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views

• Article.vue

  <template>
    <div class="article-page">
      <div class="article-item" 
        v-for="item in list" :key="item.id"
        @click="$router.push(`/detail/${item.id}`)">
        <div class="head">
          <img :src="item.creatorAvatar" alt="" />
          <div class="con">
            <p class="title"> {{item.stem}} p>
            <p class="other"> {{item.creatorName}} | {{item.createdAt}} p>
          div>
        div>
        <div class="body">
          {{ item.content }}
        div>
        <div class="foot">点赞 {{item.likeCount}} | 浏览 {{item.views}} div>
      div>
    div>
  template>
  
  <script>
  import axios from 'axios'
  // 请求地址: https://mock.boxuegu.com/mock/3083/articles
  // 请求方式: get
  export default {
    name: 'ArticlePage',
    data () {
      return {
        list: []
      }
    },
    async created () {
      const res = await axios.get('https://mock.boxuegu.com/mock/3083/articles')
      this.list = res.data.result.rows
      // console.log(this.list)
    },
    methods: {
      
    }
  }
  script>
  
  <style lang="less" scoped>
  .article-page {
    background: #f5f5f5;
  }
  .article-item {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    background: #fff;
    padding: 10px 15px;
    .head {
      display: flex;
      img {
        width: 40px;
        height: 40px;
        border-radius: 50%;
        overflow: hidden;
      }
      .con {
        flex: 1;
        overflow: hidden;
        padding-left: 15px;
        p {
          margin: 0;
          line-height: 1.5;
          &.title {
            text-overflow: ellipsis;
            overflow: hidden;
            width: 100%;
            white-space: nowrap;
          }
          &.other {
            font-size: 10px;
            color: #999;
          }
        }
      }
    }
    .body {
      font-size: 14px;
      color: #666;
      line-height: 1.6;
      margin-top: 10px;
      overflow: hidden;
      text-overflow: ellipsis;
      display: -webkit-box;
      -webkit-line-clamp: 2;
      -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    }
    .foot {
      font-size: 12px;
      color: #999;
      margin-top: 10px;
    }
  }
  style>
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• ArticleDetail.vue

  <template>
    <div class="article-detail-page" v-if="article.id">
      <nav class="nav"><span @click="$router.back()" class="back"><span> 面经详情nav>
      <header class="header">
        <h1> {{article.stem}} h1>
        <p> {{article.createdAt}} | {{article.views}} 浏览量 | {{article.likeCount}} 点赞数p>
        <p>
  
          <img
            :src="article.creatorAvatar"
            alt=""
          />
          <span> {{article.creatorName}} span>
        p>
      header>
      <main class="body">
        {{article.content}}
      main>
    div>
  template>
  
  <script>
  
  // 请求地址: https://mock.boxuegu.com/mock/3083/articles/:id
  // 请求方式: get
  import axios from 'axios'
  export default {
    name: "ArticleDetailPage",
    data() {
      return {
        article: {}
      }
    },
    async created () {
      const res = await axios.get(`https://mock.boxuegu.com/mock/3083/articles/${this.$route.params.id}`)
      this.article = res.data.result
      // console.log(this.article);
    }
  }
  script>
  
  <style lang="less" scoped>
  .article-detail-page {
    .nav {
      height: 44px;
      border-bottom: 1px solid #e4e4e4;
      line-height: 44px;
      text-align: center;
      .back {
        font-size: 18px;
        color: #666;
        position: absolute;
        left: 10px;
        top: 0;
        transform: scale(1, 1.5);
      }
    }
    .header {
      padding: 0 15px;
      p {
        color: #999;
        font-size: 12px;
        display: flex;
        align-items: center;
      }
      img {
        width: 40px;
        height: 40px;
        border-radius: 50%;
        overflow: hidden;
      }
    }
    .body {
      padding: 0 15px;
    }
  }
  style>
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• Layout.vue

  <template>
    <div class="h5-wrapper">
      <div class="content">
        
        <router-view>router-view>
      div>
      <nav class="tabbar">
        <router-link to="/article">面经router-link>
        <router-link to="/collect">收藏router-link>
        <router-link to="/like">喜欢router-link>
        <router-link to="/user">我的router-link>
      nav>
    div>
  template>
  
  <script>
  export default {
    // 组件名, 如果没有配置name, 才会找文件名作为组件名
    name: "LayoutPage",
    // 组件缓存后, created和mounted只会执行一次, 且不执行destroyed
    // 但是提供了 activated 和 deactivated
    activated () {
      alert('回到首页')
      console.log('activated');
    },
    deactivated() {
      console.log('deactivated');
    },
  }
  script>
  
  <style>
  body {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
  }
  style>
  <style lang="less" scoped>
  .h5-wrapper {
    .content {
      margin-bottom: 51px;
    }
    .tabbar {
      position: fixed;
      left: 0;
      bottom: 0;
      width: 100%;
      height: 50px;
      line-height: 50px;
      text-align: center;
      display: flex;
      background: #fff;
      border-top: 1px solid #e4e4e4;
      a {
        flex: 1;
        text-decoration: none;
        font-size: 14px;
        color: #333;
        -webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent;
      }
      a.router-link-active {
        color: orange;
      }
    }
  }
  style>
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来源

黑马程序员. Vue2+Vue3基础入门到实战项目