Elasticsearch：使用 Open AI 和 Langchain 的 RAG - Retrieval Augmented Generation （三）

这是继之前文章：

• Elasticsearch：使用 Open AI 和 Langchain 的 RAG - Retrieval Augmented Generation （一）

• Elasticsearch：使用 Open AI 和 Langchain 的 RAG - Retrieval Augmented Generation （二）

的续篇。在今天的文章中，我将详述如何使用 ElasticsearchStore。这也是被推荐的使用方法。如果你还没有设置好自己的环境，请详细阅读第一篇文章。

创建应用并展示

安装包

#!pip3 install langchain

导入包

from dotenv import load_dotenv
from langchain.embeddings import OpenAIEmbeddings
from langchain.vectorstores import ElasticsearchStore
from langchain.text_splitter import CharacterTextSplitter
from urllib.request import urlopen
import os, json
 
load_dotenv()
 
openai_api_key=os.getenv('OPENAI_API_KEY')
elastic_user=os.getenv('ES_USER')
elastic_password=os.getenv('ES_PASSWORD')
elastic_endpoint=os.getenv("ES_ENDPOINT")
elastic_index_name='elasticsearch-store'

添加文档并将文档分成段落

with open('workplace-docs.json') as f:
   workplace_docs = json.load(f)
 
print(f"Successfully loaded {len(workplace_docs)} documents")

metadata = []
content = []
 
for doc in workplace_docs:
  content.append(doc["content"])
  metadata.append({
      "name": doc["name"],
      "summary": doc["summary"],
      "rolePermissions":doc["rolePermissions"]
  })
 
text_splitter = CharacterTextSplitter(chunk_size=50, chunk_overlap=0)
docs = text_splitter.create_documents(content, metadatas=metadata)

把数据写入到 Elasticsearch

from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch
 
embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(openai_api_key=openai_api_key)
 
url = f"https://{elastic_user}:{elastic_password}@{elastic_endpoint}:9200"
connection = Elasticsearch(url, ca_certs = "./http_ca.crt", verify_certs = True)
 
 
es = ElasticsearchStore.from_documents( 
                            docs,
                            embedding = embeddings, 
                            es_url = url, 
                            es_connection = connection,
                            index_name = elastic_index_name, 
                            es_user = elastic_user,
                            es_password = elastic_password)

展示结果

def showResults(output):
  print("Total results: ", len(output))
  for index in range(len(output)):
    print(output[index])

Similarity / Vector Search (Approximate KNN Search) - ApproxRetrievalStrategy()

query = "work from home policy"
result = es.similarity_search(query=query)
 
showResults(result)

Hybrid Search (Approximate KNN + Keyword Search) - ApproxRetrievalStrategy()

我们在 Kibana 的 Dev Tools 里打入如下的命令：

embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(openai_api_key=openai_api_key)
 
 
es = ElasticsearchStore(
    es_url = url,
    es_connection = connection,
    es_user=elastic_user,
    es_password=elastic_password,
    embedding=embeddings,
    index_name=elastic_index_name,
    strategy=ElasticsearchStore.ApproxRetrievalStrategy(
        hybrid=True
    )
)
 
es.similarity_search("work from home policy")

造成这个错误的原因是因为当前的 License 模式不支持 RRF。我们去 Kibana 启动当前的授权：

我们再次运行代码：

Exact KNN Search (Brute Force) - ExactRetrievalStrategy()

embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(openai_api_key=openai_api_key)
 
 
es = ElasticsearchStore(
    es_url = url,
    es_connection = connection,
    es_user=elastic_user,
    es_password=elastic_password,
    embedding=embeddings,
    index_name=elastic_index_name,
    strategy=ElasticsearchStore.ExactRetrievalStrategy()
)
 
es.similarity_search("work from home policy")

Index / Search Documents using ELSER - SparseVectorRetrievalStrategy()

在这个步骤中，我们需要启动 ELSER。有关 ELSER 的启动，请参阅文章 “Elasticsearch：部署 ELSER - Elastic Learned Sparse EncoderR”。

embeddings = OpenAIEmbeddings(openai_api_key=openai_api_key)
 
es = ElasticsearchStore.from_documents(
    docs,
    es_url = url,
    es_connection = connection,
    es_user=elastic_user,
    es_password=elastic_password,
    index_name=elastic_index_name+"-"+"elser",
    strategy=ElasticsearchStore.SparseVectorRetrievalStrategy()
)
 
es.similarity_search("work from home policy")

在运行完上面的代码后，我们可以在 Kibana 中进行查看所生成的字段：

上面代码的整个 jupyter notebook 可以在地址 https://github.com/liu-xiao-guo/semantic_search_es/blob/main/ElasticsearchStore.ipynb 下载。