以下是MySQL常用的语法汇总:
UPDATE table_name SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2, … WHERE condition;
删除数据
DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;
查询数据
SELECT column1, column2, … FROM table_name WHERE condition;
排序
SELECT column1, column2, … FROM table_name ORDER BY column1 ASC/DESC;
分组
SELECT column1, SUM(column2) FROM table_name GROUP BY column1;
连接
SELECT column1, column2, … FROM table_name1 JOIN table_name2 ON condition;
子查询
SELECT column1 FROM table_name WHERE column2 = (SELECT column3 FROM table_name2 WHERE condition);
聚合函数
SELECT COUNT(column1), SUM(column2), AVG(column3), MAX(column4), MIN(column5) FROM table_name;
数据类型
INT, BIGINT, FLOAT, DOUBLE, CHAR, VARCHAR, TEXT, DATE, TIME, DATETIME, TIMESTAMP
约束
PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY, UNIQUE, NOT NULL, CHECK
创建索引
CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column1, column2, …);
删除索引
DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name;
外键约束
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD FOREIGN KEY (column1) REFERENCES table_name2(column2);
修改表
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;
删除列
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP column_name;
修改列
ALTER TABLE table_name MODIFY column_name datatype;
添加约束
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD CONSTRAINT constraint_name UNIQUE (column1, column2, …);
删除约束
ALTER TABLE table_name DROP CONSTRAINT constraint_name;
视图
CREATE VIEW view_name AS SELECT column1, column2, … FROM table_name WHERE condition;
存储过程
CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name (IN param1 datatype1, OUT param2 datatype2) BEGIN SELECT column1, column2, … FROM table_name WHERE condition; END;
触发器
CREATE TRIGGER trigger_name BEFORE/AFTER INSERT/UPDATE/DELETE ON table_name FOR EACH ROW BEGIN … END;
用户管理
CREATE USER user_name@localhost IDENTIFIED BY ‘password’;
授权
GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON database_name.table_name TO user_name@localhost;
撤销授权
REVOKE SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON database_name.table_name FROM user_name@localhost;
导入数据
LOAD DATA INFILE ‘file_name’ INTO TABLE table_name;
导出数据
SELECT column1, column2, … INTO OUTFILE ‘file_name’ FROM table_name;