openGauss学习笔记-103 openGauss 数据库管理-管理数据库安全-客户端接入之SSL证书管理-证书生成

openGauss学习笔记-103 openGauss 数据库管理-管理数据库安全-客户端接入之SSL证书管理-证书生成

openGauss默认配置了通过openssl生成的安全证书、私钥。并且提供证书替换的接口，方便用户进行证书的替换。

103.1 操作场景

在测试环境下，用户可以用通过以下方式进行数字证书测试。在客户的运行环境中，请使用从CA认证中心申请的数字证书。

103.2 前提条件

Linux环境安装了openssl组件。

103.3 自认证证书生成过程

1、搭建CA环境。

--假设用户为omm已存在,搭建CA的路径为test
--以root用户身份登录Linux环境,切换到用户omm
mkdir test
cd /etc/pki/tls
--copy 配置文件openssl.cnf到test下
cp openssl.cnf ~/test
cd ~/test
--到test文件夹下，开始搭建CA环境
--创建文件夹demoCA./demoCA/newcerts./demoCA/private
mkdir ./demoCA ./demoCA/newcerts ./demoCA/private
chmod 700 ./demoCA/private
--创建serial文件,写入01
echo '01'>./demoCA/serial
--创建文件index.txt
touch ./demoCA/index.txt
--修改openssl.cnf配置文件中的参数
dir  = ./demoCA
default_md      = sha256
--至此CA环境搭建完成
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2、生成根私钥。

--生成CA私钥
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out demoCA/private/cakey.pem 2048
Generating RSA private key, 2048 bit long modulus
.................+++
..................+++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
--设置根私钥的保护密码，假设为Test@123
Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem:
--再次输入私钥密码 Test@123
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem:
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3、生成根证书请求文件。

--生成CA根证书申请文件careq.pem
openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -key demoCA/private/cakey.pem -out demoCA/careq.pem
Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem:
--输入根私钥密码 Test@123
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----

--以下名称请牢记，生成服务端证书和客户端证书时填写的信息需要与此处的一致
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:shanxi
Locality Name (eg, city) []:xian
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Abc
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:hello
--Common Name可以随意命名
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:world
--Email可以选择性填写
Email Address []:

Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
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4、生成自签发根证书。

--生成根证书时，需要修改openssl.cnf文件，设置basicConstraints=CA:TRUE
vi openssl.cnf
--生成CA自签发根证书
openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -out demoCA/cacert.pem -keyfile demoCA/private/cakey.pem -selfsign -infiles demoCA/careq.pem
Using configuration from openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for demoCA/private/cakey.pem:
--输入根私钥密码 Test@123
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Validity
            Not Before: Feb 28 02:17:11 2017 GMT
            Not After : Feb 28 02:17:11 2018 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = CN
            stateOrProvinceName       = shanxi
            organizationName          = Abc
            organizationalUnitName    = hello
            commonName                = world
        X509v3 Extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                F9:91:50:B2:42:8C:A8:D3:41:B0:E4:42:CB:C2:BE:8D:B7:8C:17:1F
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:F9:91:50:B2:42:8C:A8:D3:41:B0:E4:42:CB:C2:BE:8D:B7:8C:17:1F

Certificate is to be certified until Feb 28 02:17:11 2018 GMT (365 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y


1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
--至此CA根证书自签发完成，根证书demoCA/cacert.pem。
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5、生成服务端证书私钥。

--生成服务端私钥文件server.key
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out server.key 2048
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
.......++++++
..++++++
e is 65537 (0x10001)
Enter pass phrase for server.key:
--服务端私钥的保护密码，假设为Test@123
Verifying - Enter pass phrase for server.key:
--再次确认服务端私钥的保护密码，即为Test@123
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6、生成服务端证书请求文件。

--生成服务端证书请求文件server.req
openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -key server.key -out server.req
Enter pass phrase for server.key:
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----

--以下填写的信息与创建CA时的信息一致
Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:CN
State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:shanxi
Locality Name (eg, city) []:xian
Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:Abc
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:hello
--Common Name可以随意命名
Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:world
Email Address []:
--以下信息可以选择性填写
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:
An optional company name []:
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7、生成服务端证书。

--生成服务端/客户端证书时，修改openssl.cnf文件，设置basicConstraints=CA:FALSE
vi openssl.cnf
--修改demoCA/index.txt.attr中属性为no。
vi demoCA/index.txt.attr

--对生成的服务端证书请求文件进行签发，签发后将生成正式的服务端证书server.crt
openssl ca  -config openssl.cnf -in server.req -out server.crt -days 3650 -md sha256
Using configuration from /etc/ssl/openssl.cnf
Enter pass phrase for ./demoCA/private/cakey.pem:
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 2 (0x2)
        Validity
            Not Before: Feb 27 10:11:12 2017 GMT
            Not After : Feb 25 10:11:12 2027 GMT
        Subject:
            countryName               = CN
            stateOrProvinceName       = shanxi
            organizationName          = Abc
            organizationalUnitName    = hello
            commonName                = world
        X509v3 Extensions:
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: 
                CA:FALSE
            Netscape Comment: 
                OpenSSL Generated Certificate
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                EB:D9:EE:C0:D2:14:48:AD:EB:BB:AD:B6:29:2C:6C:72:96:5C:38:35
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:84:F6:A1:65:16:1F:28:8A:B7:0D:CB:7E:19:76:2A:8B:F5:2B:5C:6A

Certificate is to be certified until Feb 25 10:11:12 2027 GMT (3650 days)
--选择y对证书进行签发
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y

--选择y，证书签发结束
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
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去掉私钥密码保护，方法如下：

--去掉服务端私钥的密码保护
openssl rsa -in server.key -out server.key
--如果不去掉服务端私钥的密码保护需要使用gs_guc工具对存储密码进行加密保护
gs_guc encrypt -M server -D ./
--根据提示输入服务端私钥的密码，加密后会生成server.key.cipher,server.key.rand两个私钥密码保护文件
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8、客户端证书，私钥的生成。

生成客户端证书和客户端私钥的方法和要求与服务端相同。

--生成客户端私钥
openssl genrsa -aes256 -out client.key 2048
--生成客户端证书请求文件
openssl req -config openssl.cnf -new -key client.key -out client.req 
--对生成的客户端证书请求文件进行签发，签发后将生成正式的客户端证书client.crt
openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -in client.req -out client.crt -days 3650 -md sha256
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去掉私钥密码保护，方法如下：

--去掉客户端私钥的密码保护
openssl rsa -in client.key -out client.key
--如果不去掉客户端私钥的密码保护需要使用gs_guc工具对存储密码进行加密保护
gs_guc encrypt -M client -D ./  
--根据提示输入客户端私钥的密码，加密后会生成client.key.cipher,client.key.rand两个私钥密码保护文件。
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将客户端密钥转化为DER格式，方法如下：

openssl pkcs8 -topk8 -outform DER -in client.key -out client.key.pk8 -nocrypt
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9、吊销证书列表的生成。

如果需要吊销列表，可按照如下方法生成：

--首先创建crlnumber文件
echo '00'>./demoCA/crlnumber
--吊销服务端证书
openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -revoke server.crt
--生成证书吊销列表sslcrl-file.crl
openssl ca -config openssl.cnf -gencrl -out sslcrl-file.crl
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