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目录
7.获取指定key的value,并删除这个key的value
整数就是整数
在编程中,小数都称之为浮点数
- print(0.1 + 0.2)
- ---------------
- 0.30000000000000004
-
- 1.可以通过round()函数来控制小数点后位数
- round(a + b),则表示结果不保留小数位部分
- print(round(0.1 + 0.2))
- ---------------
- 0
-
- round(a + b, x),表示将a+b的结果保留x位小数位。
- print(round(0.1 + 0.2, 1))
- ----------------
- 0.3
-
- 2.格式化输出
- 占位符
- %d用于整数的占位符
- %f用于浮点数的占位符
- %s用于表示字符串的占位符
- a = 5201314
- b = 1314520
- print("%d + %d的结果为%d" % (a, b, a+b))
- ----------------------
- 5201314 + 1314520的结果为6515834
- %.2d:表示一共占2位,不足位补0,超过两位就原样输出
- %03d:表示一共占3位,不足位补0,超过三位原样输出。
- %13d:表示一共占13位,不足为补空格,超过十三位原样输出。
-
- a = 0.1
- b = 0.2
- print("%.1f + %.1f的结果为%.1f" % (a, b, a+b)) # %.1f表示只保留1位小数部分
- -------------------------
- 0.1 + 0.2的结果为0.3
0[False,None] 1[True]:所有的非0字符
(1).十进制转二进制 bin()函数 用法: bin(十进制数值)
- >>> bin(255)
- '0b11111111'
- >>> bin(32)
- '0b100000'
(2).十进制转八进制 oct()函数 用法: oct(十进制数值)
- >>> oct(255)
- '0o377'
- >>> oct(25)
- '0o31'
(3).十进制转十六进制 hex()函数 用法: hex(十进制数值)
- >>> hex(150)
- '0x96'
- >>> hex(250)
- '0xfa'
(1).二进制转十进制 int()函数 用法:int("二进制数值", 2)
- print(int("1010", 2))
- ----------------------
- 10
(2).八进制转十进制 int()函数 用法:int("八进制数值", 8)
- print(int("15", 8))
- --------------------
- 13
(3).十六进制转十进制 int()函数 用法:int("十六进制数值", 16)
- print(int("FF", 16))
- --------------------
- 255
二进制--->八进制 先将二进制的数值转换成十进制,再将十进制的数值转换成八进制 11000011 --- > 八进制
- a = int("11000011", 2)
- print(a)
- b = oct(a)
- print(b)
- ------------------------
- 或
- print(oct(int("11000011", 2)))
- --------------------
- 0o303
random模块:可以实现随机的功能 import random
- .ranmdom()方法,表示随机生成一个[0,1)的的随机数
- a = random.random()
- print(a)
- ------------------------
- 0.06170779578031482
- 用于随机生成一个[x,y]之间的一个整数
- import random
- b = random.randint(0, 1)
- print(b)
- ----------------------
- 0/1
- 用于随机生成一个[x,y]范围内且递增基数为z的整数
- 用法:random.randrange(x, y, z)
- import random
- b = random.randrange(0, 10, 2)
- print(b)
- -----------------------------------
- 4
- 表示从某一个字符串中随机挑选出一个字符
- 用法:
- random.choice("字符串")
- import random
- print(random.choice('Python'))
- --------------------
- P
- 从某一个字符串中随机挑选出n个字符,并把它们放入列表中
- 用法:
- random.sample('字符串', n)
- import random
- print(random.sample('Python', 3))
- -------------------
- ['y', 'o', 't']
- 请随机生成一个合法的IPv4地址并输出
- import random
- ip_address_1 = random.randint(1, 239)
- ip_address_2 = random.randint(0, 255)
- ip_address_3 = random.randint(0, 255)
- ip_address_4 = random.randint(0, 255)
- print("%d.%d.%d.%d" % (ip_address_1, ip_address_2, ip_address_3, ip_address_4))
- print(ip_address_1, ip_address_2, ip_address_3, ip_address_4, sep='.')
- ----------------
- 182.13.178.37
- 182.13.178.37
在Python中,字符串必须用"" ''引起
- str1 = 'python'
- print(str1)
- print(type(str1))
- ----------------------
- 123
- <class 'str'>
title()方法
- str1 = 'python'
- print(str1)
- print(str1.title())
- ------------------------
- python
- Python
upper()方法
- str1 = 'python'
- print(str1)
- print(str1.upper())
- ------------------------
- python
- PYTHON
lower()
- str2 = 'NANCY'
- print(str2)
- print(str2.lower())
- ----------------------
- NANCY
- nancy
lstrip()方法
- str3 = ' nihaohahahaha '
- print(str3)
- print(str3.lstrip())
- --------------------------------
- nihaohahahaha
- nihaohahahaha
rstrip()
- str3 = ' nihaohahahaha '
- print(str3)
- print(str3.rstrip())
- ----------------------------------
- nihaohahahaha
- nihaohahahaha
.strip()
- str3 = ' nihaohahahaha '
- print(str3)
- print(str3.strip())
- -------------------------------------
- nihaohahahaha
- nihaohahahaha
- 字符串之间使用"+"来进行拼接
- 但必须保证拼接的每一段都是字符串
- str1 = 'I'
- str2 = 'am'
- str3 = '23'
- print(str1 + " " + str2 + " " + str3)
- ----------------------------------------
- I am 23
int()函数
- num1 = '123'
- print(num1)
- print(type(num1))
- num2 = int(num1)
- print(num2)
- print(type(num2))
- --------------------------
- 123
- <class 'str'>
- 123
- <class 'int'>
str()函数
- number1 = 12345
- print(number1)
- print(type(number1))
- number2 = (str(number1))
- print(number2)
- print(type(number2))
- ------------------------------
- 12345
- <class 'int'>
- 12345
- <class 'str'>
组合数据类型就是指将多个基本数据类型糅合在一块,组成组合数据类型 组合数据类型: 列表、元组、字典、集合
[]:空列表
- list1 = [] # 空列表
- list2 = [1, 2, 'Hello'] # 定义一个列表
- print(list2)
- print(type(list2))
- --------------------------------
- [1, 2, 'Hello']
- <class 'list'>
- 索引
- 列表的索引都是从0开始,依次递增的
- 访问列表中的元素值的方法:
- list1[元素值所在的索引号]
- list1 = [] # 空列表
- list2 = [1, 2, 'Hello'] # 定义一个列表
- print(list2[1])
- ------------------------------------
- 2
-
- # 如果要快速到取到列表中最后一个索引的元素值,则可以将索引号置为-1
- list2 = [1, 2, 3, 252, 253, 254, 210]
- print(list2[-1])
- -------------------------------
- 210
-
- 列表的嵌套:
- list1 = [1, 2, ['A', 'B', 'C']]
- print(list1[2][2])
- -----------------------
- C
len():用于确定列表的长度/ 用于确定列表中有多少个索引
- list1 = [1, 2, ['A', 'B', 'C']]
- print(len(list1))
- -------------------
- 3
# 列表的操作:增、删、改、查
所谓列表的增,就是往列表中添加新的索引及其对应的元素值。 (1).append方法: 在列表的末尾新增一个元素值
- list2 = [1, 2, 3]
- print(list2)
- list2.append(4)
- print(list2)
- list2.append("A")
- print(list2)
- -------------------------
- [1, 2, 3]
- [1, 2, 3, 4]
- [1, 2, 3, 4, 'A']
(2).insert方法 .insert(索引值, 元素值) 可以在指定索引的位置,添加一个元素的值
- list2 = [1, 2, 3]
- print(list2)
- list2.insert(2, 250)
- print(list2)
- --------------------------
- [1, 2, 3]
- [1, 2, 250, 3]
扩展: 如何使用.insert方法实现.append方法的功能 --->(如何使用insert方法总是在列表的末尾插入元素)
- list2 = [1, 2, 3, 252, 253, 254, 210]
- print(list2)
- list2.insert(len(list2), 'A')
- print(list2)
- ---------------------
- [1, 2, 3, 252, 253, 254, 210]
- [1, 2, 3, 252, 253, 254, 210, 'A']
列表的删,也就意味着将某个元素值从列表中删除。 (1)del语句 del list[索引值]
- list2 = [1, 2, 3]
- del list2[2]
- print(list2)
- del list2[0]
- print(list2)
- -------------------------------
- [2]
如果要使用del语句快速删除列表中的最后一个元素,则可以使用del list[-1]的方式
- list2 = [1, 2, 3, 210, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- print(list2[-1]) # 用于确认是否可以取到最后一个元素值
- del list2[-1] # 删除最后一个元素值
- print(list2)
- ------------------------------
- 5
- [1, 2, 3, 210, 2, 3, 4]
(2).pop方法 list.pop() 如果括号内什么都不加,则默认弹出列表中的最后一个元素
- list2 = [1, 2, 3, 210, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- list2.pop()
- print(list2)
- 如果括号内加的是某个元素具体的索引号,则弹出这个索引号上的元素
- list2 = [1, 2, 3, 210, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- list2.pop(0)
- print(list2)
- ---------------------------------
- [2, 3, 210, 2, 3, 4, 5]
(3).remove()方法 remove(元素值)
- list2 = [1, 2, 3, 210, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- print(list2)
- list2.remove(210)
- print(list2)
- ----------------------------------
- [1, 2, 3, 210, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- [1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 5]
-
- # 如果列表中存在多个值相同的元素时,则默认只会删除索引靠前的元素
- list2 = [1, 2, 3, 210, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- print(list2)
- list2.remove(2)
- print(list2)
- ----------------------------------
- [1, 2, 3, 210, 2, 3, 4, 5]
- [1, 3, 210, 2, 3, 4, 5]
# 所谓列表的修改,就是指将列表中的某个元素值进行修改,不会大动干戈的去动整个列表。 # 先使用索引号取到原先索引的位置,然后直接进行赋值修改。 list[索引] = 元素值
- list1 = [1, 2, 3]
- print(list1)
- list1[2] = 6
- print(list1)
- ---------
- [1, 2, 3]
- [1, 2, 6]
列表的查看,也叫遍历列表,就是将列表中的元素一个一个的打印出来。 控制结构,循环。 理解一下控制结构: 所谓的控制结构,就是指不按照原先的顺序执行代码 for 变量 in 集合: 循环体代码 (1).通过访问列表元素来进行遍历
- ---------------------------------
- list1 = ['A', 'B', 'C', 1, 2, 3]
- for i in list1:
- print(i)
- print("查询完成!")
- --------------------------
- A
- B
- C
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 查询完成!
(2).通过索引值进行遍历 range(n)函数:可以生成[0,n-1]的整数
- list1 = ['A', 'B', 'C', 1, 2, 3]
- for i in list(range(6)):
- print(list1[i])
- print("大功告成!")
- ---------------------------
- A
- B
- C
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 大功告成!
(3)通过列表长度来遍历列表
- list1 = ['A', 'B', 'C', 1, 2, 3]
- for i in list(range(len(list1))):
- print(list1[i])
- print("大功告成!")
- -----------------------
- A
- B
- C
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 大功告成!
range()函数的补充: range(x, y) # 生成从x开始,到y-1为止的整数 range(x, y, z)# 生成从x开始,到y-1,且递增基数为z的整数 range()函数的使用示例: 生成192.168.1.0/24所有可用的IP地址并输出
- list1 = []
- for i in range(1, 255):
- a = "192.168.1." + str(i) # 字符串拼接
- 或
- # a = "192.168.1.%d " % i # 格式化输出
- list1.append(a)
- print(list1)
- ----------------------------
- ['192.168.1.1', '192.168.1.2', '192.168.1.3', '192.168.1.4', '192.168.1.5', '192.168.1.6', '192.168.1.7', '192.168.1.8', '192.168.1.9', '192.168.1.10', '192.168.1.11', '192.168.1.12', '192.168.1.13', '192.168.1.14', '192.168.1.15', '192.168.1.16', '192.168.1.17', '192.168.1.18', '192.168.1.19', '192.168.1.20', '192.168.1.21', '192.168.1.22', '192.168.1.23', '192.168.1.24', '192.168.1.25', '192.168.1.26', '192.168.1.27', '192.168.1.28', '192.168.1.29', '192.168.1.30', '192.168.1.31', '192.168.1.32', '192.168.1.33', '192.168.1.34', '192.168.1.35', '192.168.1.36', '192.168.1.37', '192.168.1.38', '192.168.1.39', '192.168.1.40', '192.168.1.41', '192.168.1.42', '192.168.1.43', '192.168.1.44', '192.168.1.45', '192.168.1.46', '192.168.1.47', '192.168.1.48', '192.168.1.49', '192.168.1.50', '192.168.1.51', '192.168.1.52', '192.168.1.53', '192.168.1.54', '192.168.1.55', '192.168.1.56', '192.168.1.57', '192.168.1.58', '192.168.1.59', '192.168.1.60', '192.168.1.61', '192.168.1.62', '192.168.1.63', '192.168.1.64', '192.168.1.65', '192.168.1.66', '192.168.1.67', '192.168.1.68', '192.168.1.69', '192.168.1.70', '192.168.1.71', '192.168.1.72', '192.168.1.73', '192.168.1.74', '192.168.1.75', '192.168.1.76', '192.168.1.77', '192.168.1.78', '192.168.1.79', '192.168.1.80', '192.168.1.81', '192.168.1.82', '192.168.1.83', '192.168.1.84', '192.168.1.85', '192.168.1.86', '192.168.1.87', '192.168.1.88', '192.168.1.89', '192.168.1.90', '192.168.1.91', '192.168.1.92', '192.168.1.93', '192.168.1.94', '192.168.1.95', '192.168.1.96', '192.168.1.97', '192.168.1.98', '192.168.1.99', '192.168.1.100', '192.168.1.101', '192.168.1.102', '192.168.1.103', '192.168.1.104', '192.168.1.105', '192.168.1.106', '192.168.1.107', '192.168.1.108', '192.168.1.109', '192.168.1.110', '192.168.1.111', '192.168.1.112', '192.168.1.113', '192.168.1.114', '192.168.1.115', '192.168.1.116', '192.168.1.117', '192.168.1.118', '192.168.1.119', '192.168.1.120', '192.168.1.121', '192.168.1.122', '192.168.1.123', '192.168.1.124', '192.168.1.125', '192.168.1.126', '192.168.1.127', '192.168.1.128', '192.168.1.129', '192.168.1.130', '192.168.1.131', '192.168.1.132', '192.168.1.133', '192.168.1.134', '192.168.1.135', '192.168.1.136', '192.168.1.137', '192.168.1.138', '192.168.1.139', '192.168.1.140', '192.168.1.141', '192.168.1.142', '192.168.1.143', '192.168.1.144', '192.168.1.145', '192.168.1.146', '192.168.1.147', '192.168.1.148', '192.168.1.149', '192.168.1.150', '192.168.1.151', '192.168.1.152', '192.168.1.153', '192.168.1.154', '192.168.1.155', '192.168.1.156', '192.168.1.157', '192.168.1.158', '192.168.1.159', '192.168.1.160', '192.168.1.161', '192.168.1.162', '192.168.1.163', '192.168.1.164', '192.168.1.165', '192.168.1.166', '192.168.1.167', '192.168.1.168', '192.168.1.169', '192.168.1.170', '192.168.1.171', '192.168.1.172', '192.168.1.173', '192.168.1.174', '192.168.1.175', '192.168.1.176', '192.168.1.177', '192.168.1.178', '192.168.1.179', '192.168.1.180', '192.168.1.181', '192.168.1.182', '192.168.1.183', '192.168.1.184', '192.168.1.185', '192.168.1.186', '192.168.1.187', '192.168.1.188', '192.168.1.189', '192.168.1.190', '192.168.1.191', '192.168.1.192', '192.168.1.193', '192.168.1.194', '192.168.1.195', '192.168.1.196', '192.168.1.197', '192.168.1.198', '192.168.1.199', '192.168.1.200', '192.168.1.201', '192.168.1.202', '192.168.1.203', '192.168.1.204', '192.168.1.205', '192.168.1.206', '192.168.1.207', '192.168.1.208', '192.168.1.209', '192.168.1.210', '192.168.1.211', '192.168.1.212', '192.168.1.213', '192.168.1.214', '192.168.1.215', '192.168.1.216', '192.168.1.217', '192.168.1.218', '192.168.1.219', '192.168.1.220', '192.168.1.221', '192.168.1.222', '192.168.1.223', '192.168.1.224', '192.168.1.225', '192.168.1.226', '192.168.1.227', '192.168.1.228', '192.168.1.229', '192.168.1.230', '192.168.1.231', '192.168.1.232', '192.168.1.233', '192.168.1.234', '192.168.1.235', '192.168.1.236', '192.168.1.237', '192.168.1.238', '192.168.1.239', '192.168.1.240', '192.168.1.241', '192.168.1.242', '192.168.1.243', '192.168.1.244', '192.168.1.245', '192.168.1.246', '192.168.1.247', '192.168.1.248', '192.168.1.249', '192.168.1.250', '192.168.1.251', '192.168.1.252', '192.168.1.253', '192.168.1.254']
列表的排序是指将列表中所有元素的值进行比较,按照一定的顺序来进行排列。 升序:从小到大 降序:从大到小
.sort()方法
- 升序:
- list1 = [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
- print(list1)
- list1.sort()
- print(list1)
- ---------------------------
- [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
- [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10]
-
- 降序:
- list1 = [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
- print(list1)
- list1.sort(reverse=True)
- print(list1)
- [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
- [10, 6, 5, 3, 2, 1]
永久性排序结束后,列表就再也回不到之前的形态了。 如果要永久性排序,建议先备份原列表。
sorted()函数
- 升序:
- list1 = [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
- print(list1)
- print(sorted(list1))
- print(list1)
- -----------------------------
- [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
- [1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 10]
- [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
-
- 降序:
- list1 = [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
- print(list1)
- print(sorted(list1, reverse=True))
- print(list1)
- ---------------------
- [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
- [10, 6, 5, 3, 2, 1]
- [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
.reverse()方法 永久性反转
- list1 = [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
- print(list1)
- list1.reverse()
- print(list1)
- -----------------------
- [1, 10, 3, 5, 2, 6]
- [6, 2, 5, 3, 10, 1]
列表解析式一个固定格式的东西 列表中存放的是一个变量的值,这个变量值在后面的循环中依次赋值
- list1 = [i for i in range(2, 101, 2)] # 后面的for循环为i提供值
- print(list1)
- ----------------------------------
- [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100]
列表转字符串: str()函数
- list1 = ['CCIE']
- print(list1)
- print(type(list1))
- str1 = str(list1)
- print(str1)
- print(type(str1))
- -----------------------
- ['CCIE']
- <class 'list'>
- ['CCIE']
- <class 'str'>
-
-
- list1 = ['C', 'C', 'I', 'E']
- str1 = str(list1)
- print(str1)
- str2 = list1[0] + list1[1] + list1[2] + list1[3]
- print(str2)
- --------------------------
- ['C', 'C', 'I', 'E']
- CCIE
list()函数
- str1 = 'Putty'
- print(str1)
- print(type(str1))
- list1 = list(str1)
- print(list1)
- print(type(list1))
- ----------------------------
- Putty
- <class 'str'>
- ['P', 'u', 't', 't', 'y']
- <class 'list'>
当列表范围过大,需要只取部分值的时候 list[起始索引:结束索引+1]
- list1 = [i for i in range(2, 101, 2)]
- print(list1)
- list2 = list1[0:5]
- print(list2)
- list3 = list1[5:10]
- print(list3)
- -----------------------------------
- [2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, 68, 70, 72, 74, 76, 78, 80, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 94, 96, 98, 100]
- [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]
- [12, 14, 16, 18, 20]
方法一:先将字符串转为列表,进行列表的切片,切完之后再转回字符串
- str1 = 'HappyNationalDay'
- list1 = list(str1)
- print(list(str1))
- print(list1)
- list2 = list1[0:5]
- print(list2)
- str2 = list1[0] + list1[1] + list1[2] + list1[3] + list1[4]
- print(str2)
- print(type(str2))
- -----------------------------
- ['H', 'a', 'p', 'p', 'y', 'N', 'a', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n', 'a', 'l', 'D', 'a', 'y']
- ['H', 'a', 'p', 'p', 'y', 'N', 'a', 't', 'i', 'o', 'n', 'a', 'l', 'D', 'a', 'y']
- ['H', 'a', 'p', 'p', 'y']
- Happy
- <class 'str'>
字符串的方法: .join()方法 将列表内的字符一一拼接
- str1 = 'HappyNationalDay'
- list1 = list(str1) # 将字符串转为列表
- list2 = list1[0:5] # 进行列表的切片 [起始索引:结束索引+1]
- str2 = "" # 定义一个新的空字符串
- str2 = str2.join(list2) # 使用join()方法将list2中的所有元素作为字符串, 填入str2中
- print(str2)
- ----------------------------------
- Happy
方法二: 直接对字符串进行切片,方法和列表类似,[起始索引:结束索引+1]
- str1 = 'HappyNationalDay'
- str2 = str1[0:5]
- print(str2)
- -----------------------------------
- Happy
方法三: split()方法,可以在指定的字符处切片
- str1 = '192.168.11.128'
- str2 = str1.split('.')
- print(str2)
- -----------------------------
- ['192', '168', '11', '128']
-
-
- str1 = '192.168.11.128'
- str2 = str1.split('.', maxsplit=1) # maxsplit用于控制切的次数
- print(str2)
- -------------------------------------
- ['192', '168.11.128']
可变数据类型:列表,字典 不可变数据类型:元组。 描述性地址相同的是可变数据类型,描述性地址不相同的是不可变数据类型。
- # id()函数 用于查看存放在内存中的地址
- a = [1, 2, 3]
- print(id(a)) # 查看a这个列表存储在内存中的地址
- -----------------
- 2439173331328 # 描述性地址
元组的定义:()
- tuple1 = () # 空元组
- tuple2 = (1, 2, 3)
- print(tuple2)
- print(type(tuple2))
- (1, 2, 3)
- <class 'tuple'>
元组不能直接修改元素值,但是列表可以 所以,可以先把元组转成列表修改,修改完再转回元组。 列表转元组:tuple(list) 元组转列表:list(tuple)
- 第一步,将元组转为列表
- tuple2 = (1, 2, 3)
- list2 = list(tuple2)
- print(list2)
- print(type(list2))
-
- 第二步,在列表中进行元素值的修改
- list2[2] = 300
- print(list2)
-
- 第三步,将修改好元素的列表转回为元组,输出元组
- tuple2 = tuple(list2)
- print(tuple2)
- print(type(tuple2))
- ---------------------------------------
- [1, 2, 3]
- <class 'list'>
- [1, 2, 300]
- (1, 2, 300)
- <class 'tuple'>
- tuple8 = (1, 2, [1, 2, 3])
- print(tuple8)
- tuple8[2][2] = 300
- print(tuple8)
- ----------------------
- (1, 2, [1, 2, 3])
- (1, 2, [1, 2, 300])
字典是组合数据类型中的可变数据类型 字典的组成:键值对 一个键对应一个值 一个键可以有多个值。
{}
- dict1 = {} # 空字典
- dict2 = {"R1": "192.168.1.1", "Mask": "/24"}
- print(dict2)
- -----------------------------------
- {'R1': '192.168.1.1', 'Mask': '/24'}
- dict1 = {
- "device": "Cisco IOS-L3 Switch",
- "Description": "This is a Core-Switch",
- "Lo0 IP Address": "10.123.1.1",
- "Lo0 Mask": "255.255.255.0"
- }
通过键来访问值
- dict2 = {"R1": "192.168.1.1", "Mask": "/24"}
- print(dict2["Mask"])
- ------------------------------------
- /24
- dict2 = {"R1": "192.168.1.1", "Mask": "/24"}
- dict2["Description"] = "This is R1" # dict2["键"] = "值"
- print(dict2)
- -----------------------------
- {'R1': '192.168.1.1', 'Mask': '/24', 'Description': 'This is R1'}
del语句
- dict1 = {} # 空字典
- dict2 = {"R1": "192.168.1.1", "Mask": "/24"}
- del dict2["R1"]
- print(dict2)
- -------------------------
- {'Mask': '/24'}
通过访问键,重新赋值。
- dict2 = {"R1": "192.168.1.1", "Mask": "/24"}
- dict2["R1"] = "10.1.1.1"
- print(dict2)
- --------------------------
- {'R1': '10.1.1.1', 'Mask': '/24'}
(1)遍历所有的键值对 .items():可以遍历字典中的所有键值对
- for key, value in dict1.items():
- print("这是键:" + key)
- print("这是键:" + value)
- ----------------------------------
- 这是键:device
- 这是键:Cisco IOS-L3 Switch
- 这是键:Description
- 这是键:This is a Core-Switch
- 这是键:Lo0 IP Address
- 这是键:10.123.1.1
- 这是键:Lo0 Mask
- 这是键:255.255.255.0
(2).遍历所有的键
- for key in dict1.keys():
- print(key)
- ---------------------------
- device
- Description
- Lo0 IP Address
- Lo0 Mask
(3).遍历所有的值
- for value in dict1.values():
- print(value)
- -----------------------------------
- Cisco IOS-L3 Switch
- This is a Core-Switch
- 10.123.1.1
- 255.255.255.0
.clear()方法:
- dict1 = {
- "device": "Cisco IOS-L3 Switch",
- "Description": "This is a Core-Switch",
- "Lo0 IP Address": "10.123.1.1",
- "Lo0 Mask": "255.255.255.0"
- }
- print(dict1)
- dict1.clear()
- print(dict1)
- ------------------------
- {'device': 'Cisco IOS-L3 Switch', 'Description': 'This is a Core-Switch', 'Lo0 IP Address': '10.123.1.1', 'Lo0 Mask': '255.255.255.0'}
- {}
.get()方法,相当于是[]的增强版。 如果get后面跟的键,在字典中存在且有对应值,则直接返回指。 如果get后面跟的键,在字典不存在,则返回None而非报错
- dict1 = {
- "device": "Cisco IOS-L3 Switch",
- "Description": "This is a Core-Switch",
- "Lo0 IP Address": "10.123.1.1",
- "Lo0 Mask": "255.255.255.0"
- }
- device_id = dict1.get("device")
- print(device_id)
- ------------------------
- Cisco IOS-L3 Switch
.update()方法 使用新字典中的值替换旧字典中的值
- dict1 = {
- "device": "Cisco IOS-L3 Switch",
- "Description": "This is a Core-Switch",
- "Lo0 IP Address": "10.123.1.1",
- "Lo0 Mask": "255.255.255.0"
- }
- dict2 = {
- "device": "Cisco IOS-L3 Switch",
- "Description": "This is a Core-Switch",
- "Lo0 IP Address": "10.1.1.1",
- "Lo0 Mask": "255.255.255.0"
- }
- dict1.update(dict2) # 用dict2来更新dict1
- print(dict1)
- -------------------------------
- {'device': 'Cisco IOS-L3 Switch', 'Description': 'This is a Core-Switch', 'Lo0 IP Address': '10.1.1.1', 'Lo0 Mask': '255.255.255.0'}
.items()方法
- dict2 = {
- "device": "Cisco IOS-L3 Switch",
- "Description": "This is a Core-Switch",
- "Lo0 IP Address": "10.1.1.1",
- "Lo0 Mask": "255.255.255.0"
- }
- key_value = dict2.items()
- print(key_value)
- ----------------------------------
- dict_items([('device', 'Cisco IOS-L3 Switch'), ('Description', 'This is a Core-Switch'), ('Lo0 IP Address', '10.1.1.1'), ('Lo0 Mask', '255.255.255.0')])
.keys()方法
- dict2 = {
- "device": "Cisco IOS-L3 Switch",
- "Description": "This is a Core-Switch",
- "Lo0 IP Address": "10.1.1.1",
- "Lo0 Mask": "255.255.255.0"
- }
- key = dict2.keys()
- print(key)
- -----------------------------------------
- dict_keys(['device', 'Description', 'Lo0 IP Address', 'Lo0 Mask'])
-
.values()方法
- dict2 = {
- "device": "Cisco IOS-L3 Switch",
- "Description": "This is a Core-Switch",
- "Lo0 IP Address": "10.1.1.1",
- "Lo0 Mask": "255.255.255.0"
- }
- values = dict2.values()
- print(values)
- ---------------------------------
- dict_values(['Cisco IOS-L3 Switch', 'This is a Core-Switch', '10.1.1.1', '255.255.255.0'])
.pop()方法 #弹出 根据key弹出value
- dict2 = {
- "device": "Cisco IOS-L3 Switch",
- "Description": "This is a Core-Switch",
- "Lo0 IP Address": "10.1.1.1",
- "Lo0 Mask": "255.255.255.0"
- }
- pop_key = dict2.pop("Description")
- print(dict2)
- print(pop_key)
- --------------------
- {'device': 'Cisco IOS-L3 Switch', 'Lo0 IP Address': '10.1.1.1', 'Lo0 Mask': '255.255.255.0'}
- This is a Core-Switch
.popitems()
- dict2 = {
- "device": "Cisco IOS-L3 Switch",
- "Description": "This is a Core-Switch",
- "Lo0 IP Address": "10.1.1.1",
- "Lo0 Mask": "255.255.255.0"
- }
- print(dict2)
- dict2.popitem()
- print(dict2)
- --------------------
- {'device': 'Cisco IOS-L3 Switch', 'Description': 'This is a Core-Switch', 'Lo0 IP Address': '10.1.1.1', 'Lo0 Mask': '255.255.255.0'}
- {'device': 'Cisco IOS-L3 Switch', 'Description': 'This is a Core-Switch', 'Lo0 IP Address': '10.1.1.1'}
请按照以下要求生成一个字典: 字典中的键为R1、R2、R3、R4等共计50个(R1....R50) 每个键对应的值为一个随机生成的IP地址。
- import random
- dict1 = {}
- for i in range(1, 51):
- ip_add_1 = random.randint(0, 239)
- ip_add_2 = random.randint(0, 256)
- ip_add_3 = random.randint(0, 256)
- ip_add_4 = random.randint(0, 256)
- ip_add = "%d.%d.%d.%d" % (ip_add_1, ip_add_2, ip_add_3, ip_add_4)
- key = "R" + str(i) 或 key = "R%s" % i
- dict1[key] = ip_add
- print(dict1)
- ---------------------
- {'R1': '118.35.62.190', 'R2': '168.3.24.235', 'R3': '116.248.67.84', 'R4': '63.98.30.57', 'R5': '184.117.11.151', 'R6': '231.13.14.229', 'R7': '204.146.102.2', 'R8': '30.67.193.142', 'R9': '103.147.193.241', 'R10': '152.35.111.245', 'R11': '102.116.239.167', 'R12': '121.175.89.60', 'R13': '152.212.41.252', 'R14': '120.12.47.64', 'R15': '103.19.58.104', 'R16': '175.227.69.134', 'R17': '44.250.4.191', 'R18': '61.109.194.212', 'R19': '185.6.183.147', 'R20': '38.239.59.52', 'R21': '31.247.205.187', 'R22': '97.53.203.194', 'R23': '94.175.165.69', 'R24': '209.45.42.86', 'R25': '13.190.147.99', 'R26': '93.124.123.116', 'R27': '239.126.116.77', 'R28': '97.160.18.72', 'R29': '56.67.163.47', 'R30': '45.199.174.11', 'R31': '178.175.249.103', 'R32': '122.164.248.197', 'R33': '147.133.82.37', 'R34': '1.69.201.174', 'R35': '100.244.111.91', 'R36': '78.238.42.109', 'R37': '91.4.236.82', 'R38': '215.220.221.123', 'R39': '120.78.63.190', 'R40': '77.20.18.128', 'R41': '86.242.90.88', 'R42': '178.199.167.228', 'R43': '106.86.256.176', 'R44': '164.100.39.62', 'R45': '171.35.153.11', 'R46': '138.85.61.59', 'R47': '131.13.91.225', 'R48': '44.60.75.88', 'R49': '59.135.155.208', 'R50': '125.55.13.223'}