什么是路由?
2、安装\引入\基础使用
只有vue-router3,才能应用于vue2;vue-router4可以应用于vue3中
这里我们安装vue-router3:npm i vue-router@3
引入vue-router:在入口js中引入:import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
vue.use(VueRouter)
多级路由
即是由多个路由相互嵌套而形成的
Banner作为title直接在App.vue中实现
然后是About和Home作为路由组件在App.vue中。
message和news继而继续嵌套在home中
main.js
- import Vue from 'vue'
- import App from './App.vue'
-
- //引入VueRouter
- import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
-
- //引入路由器
- import router from './router'
-
-
- Vue.config.productionTip = false
-
- //应用插件
- Vue.use(VueRouter)
-
- new Vue({
- el:"#app",
- render: h => h(App),
- router
- })
App.vue
- <template>
- <div>
- <div class="row">
- <Banner/>
- </div>
- <div class="row">
- <div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
- <div class="list-group">
- <!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面跳转 -->
- <!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a>
- <a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->
-
- <!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
- <router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about">
- About
- </router-link>
- <router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">
- Home
- </router-link>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="col-xs-6">
- <div class="panel">
- <div class="panel-body">
- <!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </template>
-
- <script>
- import Banner from './components/Banner.vue'
-
-
- export default {
- name:'App',
- components:{Banner,}
- }
- </script>
router/index.js
- //该文件专门应用于创建整个应用的路由器
- import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
-
- //引入组件
- import About from '../pages/About'
- import Home from '../pages/Home'
- import News from '../pages/News'
- import Message from '../pages/Message'
-
- const router = new VueRouter({
- routes:[
- {
- path:'/about',
- component:About
- },
- {
- path:'/home',
- component:Home,
- children:[
- {
- path:'news',
- component:News,
- },
- {
- path:'message',
- component:Message,
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
- })
-
- export default router
Banner.vue
- <template>
- <div class="col-xs-offset-2 col-xs-8">
- <div class="page-header"><h2>Vue Router Demo</h2></div>
- </div>
- </template>
-
- <script>
- export default {
- name:'Banner'
- }
- </script>
-
- <style>
-
- </style>
About.vue
- <template>
- <h2>我是About的内容</h2>
- </template>
-
- <script>
- export default {
- name:'About'
-
- }
- </script>
Home
- <template>
- <div>
- <h2>Home组件内容</h2>
- <div>
- <ul class="nav nav-tabs">
- <li>
- <router-link class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home/news">News</router-link>
- </li>
- <li>
- <router-link class="list-group-item " active-class="active" to="/home/message">Message</router-link>
- </li>
- </ul>
- <ul>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
-
- </template>
-
- <script>
- export default {
- name:'Home'
- }
- </script>
message
- <template>
- <div>
- <div>
- <ul>
- <li>
- <a href="/message1">message001</a>
- </li>
- <li>
- <a href="/message2">message002</a>
- </li>
- <li>
- <a href="/message/3">message003</a>
- </li>
- </ul>
- </div>
- </div>
- </template>
-
- <script>
- export default {
- name:'Mesage',
- }
- </script>
-
- <style>
-
- </style>
news
- <template>
- <ul>
- <li>news001</li>
- <li>news002</li>
- <li>news003</li>
- </ul>
- </template>
-
- <script>
- export default {
- name:'News',
- }
- </script>
-
- <style>
-
- </style>
query的传参
若是有很多的嵌套的情况下,一直如上嵌套是不现实的,所以可以通过传参的方法,将需要传递的参数直接带到下一个页面中
下例即是在message下继续嵌套
index.js(引入继续嵌套的detail)
- //该文件专门应用于创建整个应用的路由器
- import VueRouter from 'vue-router'
-
- //引入组件
- import About from '../pages/About'
- import Home from '../pages/Home'
- import News from '../pages/News'
- import Message from '../pages/Message'
- import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
-
- const router = new VueRouter({
- routes:[
- {
- path:'/about',
- component:About
- },
- {
- path:'/home',
- component:Home,
- children:[
- {
- path:'news',
- component:News,
- },
- {
- path:'message',
- component:Message,
- children:[
- {
- path:'detail',
- component:Detail,
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
- })
-
- export default router
message(传递query参数)
- <template>
- <div>
- <div>
- <ul>
- <li v-for="m in messageList" :key="m.id">
- <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的字符串写法 -->
- <!-- <router-link :to="`/home/message/detail?id=${m.id}&title=${m.title}`">{{m.title}}</router-link> -->
-
- <!-- 跳转路由并携带query参数,to的对象写法 -->
- <router-link :to="{
- path:'/home/message/detail',
- query:{
- id:m.id,
- title:m.title
- }
- }">
- {{m.title}}
- </router-link>
- </li>
-
- </ul>
- <hr>
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- </div>
- </template>
-
- <script>
- export default {
- name:'Mesage',
- data(){
- return{
- messageList:[
- {id:'001',title:'消息001'},
- {id:'002',title:'消息002'},
- {id:'003',title:'消息003'},
- ]
- }
- }
- }
- </script>
-
- <style>
-
- </style>
detail(接收参数)
- <template>
- <ul>
- <li>消息编号:{{$route.query.id}}</li>
- <li>消息标题:{{$route.query.title}}</li>
- </ul>
- </template>
-
- <script>
- export default {
- name:'Detail',
- mounted(){
- console.log(this.$route)
- }
-
- }
- </script>
-
- <style>
-
- </style>
类似于无痕浏览,即当前的router-link标签若加上了这个,则当前对该标签的操作是不可追回的
App。vue
- <template>
- <div>
- <div class="row">
- <Banner/>
- </div>
- <div class="row">
- <div class="col-xs-2 col-xs-offset-2">
- <div class="list-group">
- <!-- 原始html中我们使用a标签实现页面跳转 -->
- <!-- <a class="list-group-item active" href="./about.html">About</a>
- <a class="list-group-item" href="./home.html">Home</a> -->
-
- <!-- Vue中借助router-link标签实现路由的切换 -->
- <router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/about">
- About
- </router-link>
- <router-link replace class="list-group-item" active-class="active" to="/home">
- Home
- </router-link>
- </div>
- </div>
- <div class="col-xs-6">
- <div class="panel">
- <div class="panel-body">
- <!-- 指定组件的呈现位置 -->
- <router-view></router-view>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </div>
- </template>
-
- <script>
- import Banner from './components/Banner.vue'
-
-
- export default {
- name:'App',
- components:{Banner,}
- }
- </script>
这是路由组件中两个独有的生命周期钩子,用于捕获路由组件的生命周期状态
activated
路由组件被激活时触发deactivated
路由组件失活时触发News
- <template>
- <ul>
- <li>news001 <input type="text"></li>
- <li>news002 <input type="text"></li>
- <li>news003 <input type="text"></li>
- </ul>
- </template>
-
- <script>
- export default {
- name:'News',
- data(){
- return{
- opacity:1
- }
- },
- activated(){
- console.log('News组件被激活了')
- },
- deactivated(){
- console.log('News组件失活了')
- }
- }
- </script>
-
例子:在淘宝中,若是不经过登录,则是无法跳转到个人中心页面,即使点击个人中心,也是不能的,这就是路由守卫
前置首位
index.js
- //该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
- import VueRouter from "vue-router";
- //引入组件
- import Home from '../pages/Home'
- import About from '../pages/About'
- import News from '../pages/News'
- import Message from '../pages/Message'
- import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
-
-
- //创建并暴露一个路由器
- const router = new VueRouter({
- routes:[
- {
- name:'guanyu',
- path:'/about',
- component:About
- },
- {
- name:'zhuye',
- path:'/home',
- component:Home,
- children:[
- {
- name:'xinwen',
- path:'news',
- component:News,
- meta:{isAuth:true}
- },
- {
- name:'xiaoxi',
- path:'message',
- component:Message,
- meta:{isAuth:true},
- children:[
- {
- name:'xiangqing',
- path:'detail',
- component:Detail,
- props($route){
- return {
- id:$route.query.id,
- title:$route.query.title,
- }
- }
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
- })
-
- //全局前置路由守卫--初始化时被调用,每次路由切换之前被调用
- router.beforeEach((to,from,next)=>{
- console.log(to,from)
- if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断是否需要鉴权
- if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
- next()
- }
- else{
- alert('学校名不对,无权限查看')
- }
- }
- else{
- next()
- }
- })
-
- export default router
全局守卫
对路由组件权限的控制
index.js
- //该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
- import VueRouter from "vue-router";
- //引入组件
- import Home from '../pages/Home'
- import About from '../pages/About'
- import News from '../pages/News'
- import Message from '../pages/Message'
- import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
-
-
- //创建并暴露一个路由器
- const router = new VueRouter({
- routes:[
- {
- name:'guanyu',
- path:'/about',
- component:About,
- meta:{title:'关于'},
- },
- {
- name:'zhuye',
- path:'/home',
- component:Home,
- meta:{title:'主页'},
- children:[
- {
- name:'xinwen',
- path:'news',
- component:News,
- meta:{isAuth:true,title:'新闻'}
- },
- {
- name:'xiaoxi',
- path:'message',
- component:Message,
- meta:{isAuth:true,title:'消息'},
- children:[
- {
- name:'xiangqing',
- path:'detail',
- component:Detail,
- meta:{isAuth:true,title:'详情'},
- props($route){
- return {
- id:$route.query.id,
- title:$route.query.title,
- }
- }
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
- })
-
- //全局前置路由守卫--初始化时被调用,每次路由切换之前被调用
- router.beforeEach((to,from,next)=>{
- console.log('前置路由守卫',to,from)
- if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断是否需要鉴权
- if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
- next()
- }
- else{
- alert('学校名不对,无权限查看')
- }
- }
- else{
- next()
- }
- })
-
- //全局后置路由守卫--初始化时被调用,每次路由切换之后被调用
- router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
- console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
- document.title=to.meta.title
- })
-
- export default router
独享路由守卫,针对于特别需求坐单独的路由守卫
index.js
- //该文件专门用于创建整个应用的路由器
- import VueRouter from "vue-router";
- //引入组件
- import Home from '../pages/Home'
- import About from '../pages/About'
- import News from '../pages/News'
- import Message from '../pages/Message'
- import Detail from '../pages/Detail'
-
-
- //创建并暴露一个路由器
- const router = new VueRouter({
- routes:[
- {
- name:'guanyu',
- path:'/about',
- component:About,
- meta:{title:'关于'},
- },
- {
- name:'zhuye',
- path:'/home',
- component:Home,
- meta:{title:'主页'},
- children:[
- {
- name:'xinwen',
- path:'news',
- component:News,
- meta:{isAuth:true,title:'新闻'},
- beforeEnter: (to, from, next) => {
- console.log('前置路由守卫',to,from)
- if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断是否需要鉴权
- if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
- next()
- }
- else{
- alert('学校名不对,无权限查看')
- }
- }
- else{
- next()
- }
- }
- },
- {
- name:'xiaoxi',
- path:'message',
- component:Message,
- meta:{isAuth:true,title:'消息'},
- children:[
- {
- name:'xiangqing',
- path:'detail',
- component:Detail,
- meta:{isAuth:true,title:'详情'},
- props($route){
- return {
- id:$route.query.id,
- title:$route.query.title,
- }
- }
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
- }
- ]
- })
-
- // //全局前置路由守卫--初始化时被调用,每次路由切换之前被调用
- // router.beforeEach((to,from,next)=>{
- // console.log('前置路由守卫',to,from)
- // if(to.meta.isAuth){ //判断是否需要鉴权
- // if(localStorage.getItem('school')==='atguigu'){
- // next()
- // }
- // else{
- // alert('学校名不对,无权限查看')
- // }
- // }
- // else{
- // next()
- // }
- // })
-
- // //全局后置路由守卫--初始化时被调用,每次路由切换之后被调用
- // router.afterEach((to,from)=>{
- // console.log('后置路由守卫',to,from)
- // document.title=to.meta.title
- // })
-
-
-
-
- export default router