【PyQt5图形界面编程（4）】：界面开发

需求

开发一个界面，用于配置具体功能属性，最终生成自己想要的c代码。

具体要求：

• 左侧是具体大类栏，如：IO,ADC,PWW
• 右侧为具体属性栏，如：名称，…
• 选择某一具体条目时，显示对应的属性配置
  实现的效果：以Davinci为例
  

涉及用到模块：

• QMenuBar
• QMenu
• QAction
• QTreeWidget
• QStackedWidget
• QWidget
• QLable
• QLineEdit
• QXomboBox（下拉盒）
• Frame

开发思路

• 图形开发基本是置顶而下的，从顶层往下设计
• 代码开发也借鉴图形开发方式，采用继承方式，逐一往下开发
• 为了便于开发，可以采用qt designer和代码开发这两者方式结合开发
  图形用于调整界面，代码用于方便补充内容

开发过程

实现方法：

• 1、当单击左边的QTreeWidget时
• 2、处理单击事件：获取当前行，并调用setCurrentIndex来显示QStackedWidget具体窗口
• 3、可以采用QFormLayout属性，在QStackedWidget窗口内可以添加具体内容
• 4、QFormLayout是垂直布局属性(QVBoxLayout)，便于软件逐行添加，执行formLayout.addRow(“名称”，“…”)

QTreeWidget

创建QTreeWidget（树形窗口）

	self.youSelf_QTreeWidget = QtWidgets.QTreeWidget(被继承的窗口)
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创建Item（条目）

创建Item

    item_1 = QtWidgets.QTreeWidgetItem(self.youSelf_QTreeWidget)#创建1级条目
    item_11 = QtWidgets.QTreeWidgetItem(item_0 )#1级条目下再创建2级条目 
    item_111 = QtWidgets.QTreeWidgetItem(item_11 )#1级条目下的2级条目下创建3级条目  
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问题

1、item文本如果过长，显示不完全，出现省略号

解决方法：
加大MinimumSectionSize的值，比如100等

参考：PyQt5中设置QtreeWidget水平滚动条

开发

1、获取当前鼠标选中的行，进而显示对应的属性

class Ui_MainWindow(object):
    def setupUi(self, MainWindow):
    '''
    #....
    '''
	 	self.IOHW_QTreeWidget.clicked.connect(self.onClicked)


    def onClicked(self):
        item = self.IOHW_QTreeWidget.currentItem()
        if item.parent():#它的父类存在
            print(item.text(0))#自己的内容
            print(item.parent().text(0))
            if item.parent().text(0) == "IO":
                self.stackedWidget.setCurrentIndex(self.stackedWidget.indexOf(self.page_IO))
            if item.parent().text(0) == "ADC":
                self.stackedWidget.setCurrentIndex(self.stackedWidget.indexOf(self.page_ADC))
            if item.parent().text(0) == "PWM":
                self.stackedWidget.setCurrentIndex(self.stackedWidget.indexOf(self.page_PWM))
            if item.parent().text(0) == "test":
                self.stackedWidget.setCurrentIndex(self.stackedWidget.indexOf(self.page_test))
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引用

• QTreeWidget 添加 修改和删除树控件中的节点
• QTreeWidget 给树控件添加响应事件

PyQt5.QtWidgets.QFormLayout：窗体布局

PyQt5.QtWidgets.QFormLayout

QStackedWidget：堆栈窗体

• 插入窗体
  

• 在堆栈窗体的某一窗体内放入布局窗体（QFormLayout），并设置成垂直布局（QVBoxLayout）
  
  

• 窗体相关生成的代码：

        self.page_test = QtWidgets.QWidget()			#1、创建的窗体page_test
        self.page_test.setObjectName("page_test")
        self.verticalLayout_page_test = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self.page_test)	#2、将page_test窗体设置成垂直布局
        self.verticalLayout_page_test.setObjectName("verticalLayout_page_test")
        self.formLayout_page_test = QtWidgets.QFormLayout()		#3、创建布局
        self.formLayout_page_test.setObjectName("formLayout_page_test")
        self.verticalLayout_page_test.addLayout(self.formLayout_page_test)		#4、将布局添加到垂直布局中
        self.stackedWidget.addWidget(self.page_test)	#5、将page_test窗体添加到堆栈窗体内
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效果：

• 手动添加的代码，补充内容

        '''
        # 手动添加，方便开发
        '''
        # 在page_test中添加行编辑器
        self.page_test.edit1 = QtWidgets.QLineEdit()#定义
        self.formLayout_page_test.addRow('整数校验', self.page_test.edit1)#添加

        # 在page_test中添加下拉编辑器
        self.page_test.combo_box = QtWidgets.QComboBox()#定义
        self.page_test.combo_box.addItems(['Option1', 'Option2', 'Option3'])#下拉值
        self.formLayout_page_test.addRow('整数校验2', self.page_test.combo_box)#添加
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垂直布局选择与否

• 选择了垂直布局效果
  
• 未选择垂直布局效果
  

PyQt5.QtCore.QSettings()

PyQt5.QtCore.QSettings()

总结

• 用Qt Designer每次更新UI再用PyUic更新成.py文件时，.py文件总是覆盖自己添加的代码
  解决方法就是用继承父类的方法，采用继承方法
  python类的继承

数据保存及打开Qsetting

PyQt学习笔记-使用QSettings保存系统配置参数

QListWidget、QTableWidget将所选项目保存到Qsettings

aaa
以下是转载

import contextlib
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets


class SettingsManager:
    def __init__(self, filename):
        self.m_settings = QtCore.QSettings(filename, QtCore.QSettings.IniFormat)

    @property
    def settings(self):
        return self.m_settings

    def read(self, widget):
        self.settings.beginGroup(widget.objectName())
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView):
            selectionMode = self.settings.value(
                "selectionMode", type=QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView.SelectionMode
            )
            widget.setSelectionMode(selectionMode)
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QListWidget):
            items = self.settings.value("items")
            selecteditems = self.settings.value("selecteditems")
            # In the first reading the initial values must be established
            if items is None:
                self.read_defaults(widget)
            else:
                stream = QtCore.QDataStream(items, QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly)
                while not stream.atEnd():
                    it = QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem()
                    stream >> it
                    widget.addItem(it)
                stream = QtCore.QDataStream(
                    selecteditems, QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly
                )
                while not stream.atEnd():
                    row = stream.readInt()
                    it = widget.item(row)
                    if it is not None:
                        it.setSelected(True)
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QTableWidget):
            rowCount = self.settings.value("rowCount", type=int)
            columnCount = self.settings.value("columnCount", type=int)
            widget.setRowCount(rowCount)
            widget.setColumnCount(columnCount)
            items = self.settings.value("items")
            if items is None:
                self.read_defaults(widget)
            else:
                stream = QtCore.QDataStream(items, QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly)
                while not stream.atEnd():
                    it = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem()
                    i = stream.readInt()
                    j = stream.readInt()
                    stream >> it
                    widget.setItem(i, j, it)
                selecteditems = self.settings.value("selecteditems")
                stream = QtCore.QDataStream(
                    selecteditems, QtCore.QIODevice.ReadOnly
                )
                while not stream.atEnd():
                    i = stream.readInt()
                    j = stream.readInt()
                    it = widget.item(i, j)
                    if it is not None:
                        it.setSelected(True)
        self.settings.endGroup()

    def write(self, widget):
        self.settings.beginGroup(widget.objectName())
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView):
            self.settings.setValue("selectionMode", widget.selectionMode())
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QListWidget):
            items = QtCore.QByteArray()
            stream = QtCore.QDataStream(items, QtCore.QIODevice.WriteOnly)
            for i in range(widget.count()):
                stream << widget.item(i)
            self.settings.setValue("items", items)
            selecteditems = QtCore.QByteArray()
            stream = QtCore.QDataStream(
                selecteditems, QtCore.QIODevice.WriteOnly
            )
            for it in widget.selectedItems():
                stream.writeInt(widget.row(it))

            self.settings.setValue("selecteditems", selecteditems)
        if isinstance(widget, QtWidgets.QTableWidget):
            self.settings.setValue("rowCount", widget.rowCount())
            self.settings.setValue("columnCount", widget.columnCount())
            items = QtCore.QByteArray()
            stream = QtCore.QDataStream(items, QtCore.QIODevice.WriteOnly)
            for i in range(widget.rowCount()):
                for j in range(widget.columnCount()):
                    it = widget.item(i, j)
                    if it is not None:
                        stream.writeInt(i)
                        stream.writeInt(j)
                        stream << it
            self.settings.setValue("items", items)
            selecteditems = QtCore.QByteArray()
            stream = QtCore.QDataStream(
                selecteditems, QtCore.QIODevice.WriteOnly
            )
            for it in widget.selectedItems():
                # print(it.row(), it.column())
                stream.writeInt(it.row())
                stream.writeInt(it.column())
            self.settings.setValue("selecteditems", selecteditems)
        self.settings.endGroup()

    def release(self):
        self.m_settings.sync()

    def read_defaults(self, widget):
        if widget.objectName() == "listwidget_1":
            widget.setSelectionMode(QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView.MultiSelection)
            for i in range(10):
                widget.addItem(QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem(str(i)))
        elif widget.objectName() == "listwidget_2":
            widget.setSelectionMode(QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView.MultiSelection)
            for i in "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz":
                widget.addItem(QtWidgets.QListWidgetItem(i))
        elif widget.objectName() == "tablewidget":
            widget.setSelectionMode(QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView.MultiSelection)
            widget.setRowCount(10)
            widget.setColumnCount(10)
            for i in range(widget.rowCount()):
                for j in range(widget.columnCount()):
                    it = QtWidgets.QTableWidgetItem("{}-{}".format(i, j))
                    widget.setItem(i, j, it)


@contextlib.contextmanager
def settingsContext(filename):
    manager = SettingsManager(filename)
    try:
        yield manager
    finally:
        manager.release()


class Widget(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super().__init__(parent)

        self.listwidget_1 = QtWidgets.QListWidget(objectName="listwidget_1")
        listwidget_2 = QtWidgets.QListWidget(objectName="listwidget_2")

        tablewidget = QtWidgets.QTableWidget(objectName="tablewidget")

        lay = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)
        lay.addWidget(self.listwidget_1)
        lay.addWidget(listwidget_2)
        lay.addWidget(tablewidget)

        self.read_settings()

    def closeEvent(self, event):
        self.write_settings()
        super().closeEvent(event)

    def read_settings(self):
        with settingsContext("data.ini") as m:
            for children in self.findChildren(QtWidgets.QWidget):
                if children.objectName():
                    m.read(children)

    def write_settings(self):
        with settingsContext("data.ini") as m:
            for children in self.findChildren(QtWidgets.QWidget):
                if children.objectName():
                    m.write(children)


if __name__ == "__main__":
    import sys

    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    w = Widget()
    w.resize(640, 480)
    w.show()
    sys.exit(app.exec_())
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