• C# 通过winmm枚举音频设备

    文章目录

    前言

    使用C#做音频录制时需要获取音频设备信息，比如使用ffmpeg进行录制需要先获取音频设备名称，再Windows上获取音频设备的方法有不少，其中比较简单的就是使用winmm，这是一套比较旧的api但是使用方法简单，当然有个缺陷就是音频名称不能超过32个字符，超过会被截断，当然如果作为winmm的采集或播放配套使用则不会有问题。

    一、如何实现？

    需要先导入winmm的api，以及定义存放音频设备信息的实体，最后通过调用api实现枚举设备功能。

    1、添加依赖

    由于编写dllimport比较麻烦，而且nuget已经有封装好的库，所以没必要重复造轮子，直接nuget安装然后补充一些必要的接口即可。

    （1）、nuget安装winmm的封装库

    在这里插入图片描述

    （2）、补充接口

    由于Vanara.PInvoke.Multimedia对waveInGetDevCaps和waveOutGetDevCaps导入的有点问题，所以需要自己dllimport。还需要添加一些相关的枚举用于获取声音格式。

    [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
public static extern MMRESULT waveInGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEINCAPS pwic, uint cbwic);
[DllImport("winmm.dll")]
public static extern MMRESULT waveOutGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEOUTCAPS pwoc, uint cbwoc);
public enum DWFormats
{
    WAVE_INVALIDFORMAT = 0x00000000,     /* invalid format */
    WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 = 0x00000001,    /* 11.025 kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 = 0x00000002,    /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_1M16 = 0x00000004,    /* 11.025 kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
    WAVE_FORMAT_1S16 = 0x00000008,    /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
    WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 = 0x00000010,    /* 22.05  kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 = 0x00000020,    /* 22.05  kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_2M16 = 0x00000040,    /* 22.05  kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
    WAVE_FORMAT_2S16 = 0x00000080,    /* 22.05  kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
    WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 = 0x00000100,    /* 44.1   kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 = 0x00000200,    /* 44.1   kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_4M16 = 0x00000400,    /* 44.1   kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
    WAVE_FORMAT_4S16 = 0x00000800,    /* 44.1   kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
    WAVE_FORMAT_44M08 = 0x00000100,     /* 44.1   kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_44S08 = 0x00000200,     /* 44.1   kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_44M16 = 0x00000400,     /* 44.1   kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
    WAVE_FORMAT_44S16 = 0x00000800,     /* 44.1   kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
    WAVE_FORMAT_48M08 = 0x00001000,     /* 48     kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_48S08 = 0x00002000,     /* 48     kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_48M16 = 0x00004000,     /* 48     kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
    WAVE_FORMAT_48S16 = 0x00008000,     /* 48     kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
    WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 = 0x00010000,     /* 96     kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 = 0x00020000,     /* 96     kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
    WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 = 0x00040000,     /* 96     kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
    WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 = 0x00080000,     /* 96     kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
}


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    2、定义实体

    需要定义声音格式

    class SampleFormat
{
    /// 
    /// 声道数
    /// 
    public ushort Channels { set; get; }
    /// 
    /// 采样率
    /// 
    public uint SampleRate { set; get; }
    /// 
    /// 位深
    /// 
    public ushort BitsPerSample { set; get; }
};

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    以及声音设备实体

    class AudioDevice
{
    /// 
    /// 设备Id
    /// 
    public uint Id { set; get; }
    /// 
    /// 设备名称
    /// 
    public string Name { set; get; } = "";
    /// 
    /// 声道数
    /// 
    public int Channels { set; get; }
    /// 
    /// 支持的格式
    /// 
    public IEnumerable<SampleFormat>? SupportedFormats { set; get; }
};

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    3、实现枚举

    音频采集设备

    /// 
/// 枚举声音采集设备
/// 
public static IEnumerable<AudioDevice> WaveInDevices
{
    get
    {
        var deviceCount = waveInGetNumDevs();
        for (uint i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++)
        {
            var sd = GetWaveInDeviceById(i);
            if (sd != null) yield return sd;
        }
    }
}

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    /// 
/// 通过id获取声音采集设备信息
/// 
/// 设备id
/// 设备对象
public static AudioDevice? GetWaveInDeviceById(uint id)
{
    WAVEINCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息
    var result = waveInGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEINCAPS>());
    if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;
    AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();
    sd.Id = id;
    sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;
    sd.Name = pwic.szPname;
    sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);
    return sd;
}


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    音频播放设备

     /// 
 /// 枚举声音播放设备
 /// 
 public static IEnumerable<AudioDevice> WaveOutDevices
 {
     get
     {
         var deviceCount = waveOutGetNumDevs();
         for (uint i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++)
         {
             var sd = GetWaveOutDeviceById(i);
             if (sd != null) yield return sd;
         }
     }
 }

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    /// 
/// 通过id获取声音播放设备信息
/// 
/// 设备id
/// 设备对象
public static AudioDevice? GetWaveOutDeviceById(uint id)
{
    WAVEOUTCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息
    var result = waveOutGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEOUTCAPS>());
    if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;
    AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();
    sd.Id = id;
    sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;
    sd.Name = pwic.szPname;
    sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);
    return sd;
}


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    二、完整代码

    .net 7.0

    using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using static Vanara.PInvoke.WinMm;
/************************************************************************
* @Project:  	AC::Winmm
* @Decription:  音频设备枚举
* @Verision:  	v1.0.0.0
* @Author:  	Xin Nie
* @Create:  	2023/10/8 09:27:00
* @LastUpdate:  2023/10/8 15:04:00
************************************************************************
* Copyright @ 2025. All rights reserved.
************************************************************************/
namespace AC
{
    class Winmm
    {
        /// 
        /// 枚举声音采集设备
        /// 
        public static IEnumerable<AudioDevice> WaveInDevices
        {
            get
            {
                var deviceCount = waveInGetNumDevs();
                for (uint i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++)
                {
                    var sd = GetWaveInDeviceById(i);
                    if (sd != null) yield return sd;
                }
            }
        }

        /// 
        /// 枚举声音播放设备
        /// 
        public static IEnumerable<AudioDevice> WaveOutDevices
        {
            get
            {
                var deviceCount = waveOutGetNumDevs();
                for (uint i = 0; i < deviceCount; i++)
                {
                    var sd = GetWaveOutDeviceById(i);
                    if (sd != null) yield return sd;
                }
            }
        }

        /// 
        /// 通过id获取声音采集设备信息
        /// 
        /// 设备id
        /// 设备对象
        public static AudioDevice? GetWaveInDeviceById(uint id)
        {
            WAVEINCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息
            var result = waveInGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEINCAPS>());
            if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;
            AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();
            sd.Id = id;
            sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;
            sd.Name = pwic.szPname;
            sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);
            return sd;
        }
        /// 
        /// 通过id获取声音播放设备信息
        /// 
        /// 设备id
        /// 设备对象
        public static AudioDevice? GetWaveOutDeviceById(uint id)
        {
            WAVEOUTCAPS pwic;//声音设备功能信息
            var result = waveOutGetDevCapsW(id, out pwic, (uint)Marshal.SizeOf<WAVEOUTCAPS>());
            if (result != MMRESULT.MMSYSERR_NOERROR) return null;
            AudioDevice sd = new AudioDevice();
            sd.Id = id;
            sd.Channels = pwic.wChannels;
            sd.Name = pwic.szPname;
            sd.SupportedFormats = _GetSurportFormats(pwic.dwFormats);
            return sd;
        }
        static List<SampleFormat> _GetSurportFormats(uint foramts)
        {
            var sfs = new List<SampleFormat>();
            foreach (var j in Enum.GetValues<DWFormats>())
            {
                if ((foramts & (uint)j) != 0)
                {
                    var name = Enum.GetName(j)!.Split("_").Last();
                    var sp = name.Substring(0, name.Length - 3);
                    var ch = name.Substring(name.Length - 3, 1);
                    var bp = name.Substring(name.Length - 2, 2);
                    uint isp = 0;
                    switch (sp)
                    {
                        case "1": isp = 11025; break;
                        case "2": isp = 22050; break;
                        case "4": isp = 44100; break;
                        case "44": isp = 44100; break;
                        case "48": isp = 48000; break;
                        case "96": isp = 96000; break;
                    }
                    sfs.Add(new SampleFormat() { Channels = (ushort)(ch == "S" ? 1 : 2), SampleRate = isp, BitsPerSample = ushort.Parse(bp) });
                }
            }
            return sfs;
        }

        public enum DWFormats
        {
            WAVE_INVALIDFORMAT = 0x00000000,     /* invalid format */
            WAVE_FORMAT_1M08 = 0x00000001,    /* 11.025 kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_1S08 = 0x00000002,    /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_1M16 = 0x00000004,    /* 11.025 kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
            WAVE_FORMAT_1S16 = 0x00000008,    /* 11.025 kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
            WAVE_FORMAT_2M08 = 0x00000010,    /* 22.05  kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_2S08 = 0x00000020,    /* 22.05  kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_2M16 = 0x00000040,    /* 22.05  kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
            WAVE_FORMAT_2S16 = 0x00000080,    /* 22.05  kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
            WAVE_FORMAT_4M08 = 0x00000100,    /* 44.1   kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_4S08 = 0x00000200,    /* 44.1   kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_4M16 = 0x00000400,    /* 44.1   kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
            WAVE_FORMAT_4S16 = 0x00000800,    /* 44.1   kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
            WAVE_FORMAT_44M08 = 0x00000100,     /* 44.1   kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_44S08 = 0x00000200,     /* 44.1   kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_44M16 = 0x00000400,     /* 44.1   kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
            WAVE_FORMAT_44S16 = 0x00000800,     /* 44.1   kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
            WAVE_FORMAT_48M08 = 0x00001000,     /* 48     kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_48S08 = 0x00002000,     /* 48     kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_48M16 = 0x00004000,     /* 48     kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
            WAVE_FORMAT_48S16 = 0x00008000,     /* 48     kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
            WAVE_FORMAT_96M08 = 0x00010000,     /* 96     kHz, Mono,   8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_96S08 = 0x00020000,     /* 96     kHz, Stereo, 8-bit  */
            WAVE_FORMAT_96M16 = 0x00040000,     /* 96     kHz, Mono,   16-bit */
            WAVE_FORMAT_96S16 = 0x00080000,     /* 96     kHz, Stereo, 16-bit */
        }

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        public static extern MMRESULT waveInGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEINCAPS pwic, uint cbwic);

        [DllImport("winmm.dll")]
        public static extern MMRESULT waveOutGetDevCapsW(uint uDeviceID, out WAVEOUTCAPS pwoc, uint cbwoc);
    }
}

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    三、使用示例

    foreach (var i in Winmm.WaveInDevices)
{
    Console.WriteLine("音频采集设备" + i.Id + "：" + i.Name);
}
foreach (var i in Winmm.WaveOutDevices)
{    
    Console.WriteLine("音频播放设备"+i.Id+"：" +i.Name);
}

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    在这里插入图片描述

    总结

    以上就是今天要讲的内容，使用winnm枚举设备还是比较简单的，唯一麻烦一点的地方就是支持格式的获取，但是通过C#使用字符串处理，实现也变得很简单。总的来说，这算是一种获取音频设备信息的方法，能够满足一些使用场景的需求。

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  • 原文地址：https://blog.csdn.net/u013113678/article/details/133683982