
运算符重载概念:对已有的运算符重新进行定义,赋予其另一种功能,以适应不同的数据类型。
作用:实现两个自定义数据类型相加的运算
- class Person {
- public:
- Person() {};
- Person(int a, int b)
- {
- this->m_A = a;
- this->m_B = b;
- }
- //成员函数实现 + 号运算符重载
- Person operator+(const Person& p) {
- Person temp;
- temp.m_A = this->m_A + p.m_A;
- temp.m_B = this->m_B + p.m_B;
- return temp;
- }
-
-
- public:
- int m_A;
- int m_B;
- };
-
- //全局函数实现 + 号运算符重载
- //Person operator+(const Person& p1, const Person& p2) {
- // Person temp(0, 0);
- // temp.m_A = p1.m_A + p2.m_A;
- // temp.m_B = p1.m_B + p2.m_B;
- // return temp;
- //}
-
- //运算符重载 可以发生函数重载
- Person operator+(const Person& p2, int val)
- {
- Person temp;
- temp.m_A = p2.m_A + val;
- temp.m_B = p2.m_B + val;
- return temp;
- }
-
- void test() {
-
- Person p1(10, 10);
- Person p2(20, 20);
-
- //成员函数方式
- Person p3 = p2 + p1; //相当于 p2.operaor+(p1)
- cout << "mA:" << p3.m_A << " mB:" << p3.m_B << endl;
-
-
- Person p4 = p3 + 10; //相当于 operator+(p3,10)
- cout << "mA:" << p4.m_A << " mB:" << p4.m_B << endl;
-
- }
-
- int main() {
-
- test();
-
- system("pause");
-
- return 0;
- }
总结1:对于内置的数据类型的表达式的的运算符是不可能改变的
总结2:不要滥用运算符重载
作用:可以输出自定义数据类型
- class Person {
- friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p);
-
- public:
-
- Person(int a, int b)
- {
- this->m_A = a;
- this->m_B = b;
- }
-
- //成员函数 实现不了 p << cout 不是我们想要的效果
- //void operator<<(Person& p){
- //}
-
- private:
- int m_A;
- int m_B;
- };
-
- //全局函数实现左移重载
- //ostream对象只能有一个
- ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, Person& p) {
- out << "a:" << p.m_A << " b:" << p.m_B;
- return out;
- }
-
- void test() {
-
- Person p1(10, 20);
-
- cout << p1 << "hello world" << endl; //链式编程
- }
-
- int main() {
-
- test();
-
- system("pause");
-
- return 0;
- }
总结:重载左移运算符配合友元可以实现输出自定义数据类型。
作用: 通过重载递增运算符,实现自己的整型数据
- class MyInteger {
-
- friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInteger myint);
-
- public:
- MyInteger() {
- m_Num = 0;
- }
- //前置++
- MyInteger& operator++() {
- //先++
- m_Num++;
- //再返回
- return *this;
- }
-
- //后置++
- MyInteger operator++(int) {
- //先返回
- MyInteger temp = *this; //记录当前本身的值,然后让本身的值加1,但是返回的是以前的值,达到先返回后++;
- m_Num++;
- return temp;
- }
-
- private:
- int m_Num;
- };
-
-
- ostream& operator<<(ostream& out, MyInteger myint) {
- out << myint.m_Num;
- return out;
- }
-
-
- //前置++ 先++ 再返回
- void test01() {
- MyInteger myInt;
- cout << ++myInt << endl;
- cout << myInt << endl;
- }
-
- //后置++ 先返回 再++
- void test02() {
-
- MyInteger myInt;
- cout << myInt++ << endl;
- cout << myInt << endl;
- }
-
- int main() {
-
- test01();
- //test02();
-
- system("pause");
-
- return 0;
- }
总结: 前置递增返回引用,后置递增返回值。
c++编译器至少给一个类添加4个函数
默认构造函数(无参,函数体为空)
默认析构函数(无参,函数体为空)
默认拷贝构造函数,对属性进行值拷贝
赋值运算符 operator=, 对属性进行值拷贝
如果类中有属性指向堆区,做赋值操作时也会出现深浅拷贝问题
示例:
- class Person
- {
- public:
-
- Person(int age)
- {
- //将年龄数据开辟到堆区
- m_Age = new int(age);
- }
-
- //重载赋值运算符
- Person& operator=(Person &p)
- {
- if (m_Age != NULL)
- {
- delete m_Age;
- m_Age = NULL;
- }
- //编译器提供的代码是浅拷贝
- //m_Age = p.m_Age;
-
- //提供深拷贝 解决浅拷贝的问题
- m_Age = new int(*p.m_Age);
-
- //返回自身
- return *this;
- }
-
-
- ~Person()
- {
- if (m_Age != NULL)
- {
- delete m_Age;
- m_Age = NULL;
- }
- }
-
- //年龄的指针
- int *m_Age;
-
- };
-
-
- void test01()
- {
- Person p1(18);
-
- Person p2(20);
-
- Person p3(30);
-
- p3 = p2 = p1; //赋值操作
-
- cout << "p1的年龄为:" << *p1.m_Age << endl;
-
- cout << "p2的年龄为:" << *p2.m_Age << endl;
-
- cout << "p3的年龄为:" << *p3.m_Age << endl;
- }
-
- int main() {
-
- test01();
-
- //int a = 10;
- //int b = 20;
- //int c = 30;
-
- //c = b = a;
- //cout << "a = " << a << endl;
- //cout << "b = " << b << endl;
- //cout << "c = " << c << endl;
-
- system("pause");
-
- return 0;
- }
作用:重载关系运算符,可以让两个自定义类型对象进行对比操作
示例:
- class Person
- {
- public:
- Person(string name, int age)
- {
- this->m_Name = name;
- this->m_Age = age;
- };
-
- bool operator==(Person & p)
- {
- if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age)
- {
- return true;
- }
- else
- {
- return false;
- }
- }
-
- bool operator!=(Person & p)
- {
- if (this->m_Name == p.m_Name && this->m_Age == p.m_Age)
- {
- return false;
- }
- else
- {
- return true;
- }
- }
-
- string m_Name;
- int m_Age;
- };
-
- void test01()
- {
- //int a = 0;
- //int b = 0;
-
- Person a("孙悟空", 18);
- Person b("孙悟空", 18);
-
- if (a == b)
- {
- cout << "a和b相等" << endl;
- }
- else
- {
- cout << "a和b不相等" << endl;
- }
-
- if (a != b)
- {
- cout << "a和b不相等" << endl;
- }
- else
- {
- cout << "a和b相等" << endl;
- }
- }
-
-
- int main() {
-
- test01();
-
- system("pause");
-
- return 0;
- }
函数调用运算符 () 也可以重载
由于重载后使用的方式非常像函数的调用,因此称为仿函数
仿函数没有固定写法,非常灵活
示例:
- class MyPrint
- {
- public:
- void operator()(string text)
- {
- cout << text << endl;
- }
-
- };
- void test01()
- {
- //重载的()操作符 也称为仿函数
- MyPrint myFunc;
- myFunc("hello world");
- }
-
-
- class MyAdd
- {
- public:
- int operator()(int v1, int v2)
- {
- return v1 + v2;
- }
- };
-
- void test02()
- {
- MyAdd add;
- int ret = add(10, 10);
- cout << "ret = " << ret << endl;
-
- //匿名对象调用
- cout << "MyAdd()(100,100) = " << MyAdd()(100, 100) << endl;
- }
-
- int main() {
-
- test01();
- test02();
-
- system("pause");
-
- return 0;
- }