通过多项式拟合探索欠拟合与过拟合
import math
import numpy as np
import torch
from torch import nn
from d2l import torch as d2l
max_degree = 20
n_train, n_test = 100, 100
true_w = np.zeros(max_degree)
true_w[0:4] = np.array([5, 1.2, -3.4, 5.6])
features = np.random.normal(size=(n_train + n_test, 1))
np.random.shuffle(features)
poly_features = np.power(features, np.arange(max_degree).reshape(1, -1))
for i in range(max_degree):
poly_features[:, i] /= math.gamma(i + 1)
labels = np.dot(poly_features, true_w)
labels += np.random.normal(scale=0.1, size=labels.shape)
true_w,features,poly_features,labels=[torch.tensor(x,dtype=torch.float32) for x in [true_w,features,poly_features,labels]]
true_w[:2],features[:2],poly_features[:2,:],labels[:2]
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def evaluate_loss(net,data_iter,loss):
'''评估给定数据集上模型的损失'''
metric=d2l.Accumulator(2)
for X,y in data_iter:
out=net(X)
y=y.reshape(out.shape)
l=loss(out,y)
metric.add(l.sum(),l.numel())
return metric[0]/metric[1]
def train(train_features, test_features, train_labels, test_labels,
num_epochs=400):
loss = nn.MSELoss(reduction='none')
input_shape = train_features.shape[-1]
net = nn.Sequential(nn.Linear(input_shape, 1, bias=False))
batch_size = min(10, train_labels.shape[0])
train_iter = d2l.load_array((train_features, train_labels.reshape(-1,1)),
batch_size)
test_iter = d2l.load_array((test_features, test_labels.reshape(-1,1)),
batch_size, is_train=False)
trainer = torch.optim.SGD(net.parameters(), lr=0.01)
animator = d2l.Animator(xlabel='epoch', ylabel='loss', yscale='log',
xlim=[1, num_epochs], ylim=[1e-3, 1e2],
legend=['train', 'test'])
for epoch in range(num_epochs):
d2l.train_epoch_ch3(net, train_iter, loss, trainer)
if epoch == 0 or (epoch + 1) % 20 == 0:
animator.add(epoch + 1, (evaluate_loss(net, train_iter, loss),
evaluate_loss(net, test_iter, loss)))
print('weight:', net[0].weight.data.numpy())
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train(poly_features[:n_train, :4], poly_features[n_train:, :4],
labels[:n_train], labels[n_train:])
train(poly_features[:n_train, :2], poly_features[n_train:, :2],
labels[:n_train], labels[n_train:])
train(poly_features[:n_train, :], poly_features[n_train:, :],
labels[:n_train], labels[n_train:], num_epochs=1500)